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Analysis on Chinese Ming Pibian Forms, Techniques and Social Functions

Jixu Hao
Jixu Hao
 y 
Li Niu
Li Niu
   | 18 oct 2023
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Article Category: Research Article
Publicado en línea: 18 oct 2023
Páginas: 66 - 74
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ftee-2023-0037
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© 2023 Łukasiewicz Research Network-Łódź Institute of Technology, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Fig. 1.

Physical pibian preserved by the museums
Physical pibian preserved by the museums

Fig. 2.

Woven bamboo body of Pibian in Ming Dynasty (a from an archaeological report of the tomb of Yingjing King, b photo taken by the author at Shandong Provincial Museum)
Woven bamboo body of Pibian in Ming Dynasty (a from an archaeological report of the tomb of Yingjing King, b photo taken by the author at Shandong Provincial Museum)

Fig. 3.

Crepe on the surface of a pibian of the Ming Dynasty (Electron microscope image source: “Dingling mausoleum”)
Crepe on the surface of a pibian of the Ming Dynasty (Electron microscope image source: “Dingling mausoleum”)

Fig. 4.

Electron microscopic image of red residue and silk fabric inside a pibian (photo taken by the author at Shandong Provincial Museum, b from “Dingling mausoleum”)
Electron microscopic image of red residue and silk fabric inside a pibian (photo taken by the author at Shandong Provincial Museum, b from “Dingling mausoleum”)

Fig. 5.

Plan sketch of the pibian’s main body composition (Picture from the archaeological report of the tomb of Luhuang King)
Plan sketch of the pibian’s main body composition (Picture from the archaeological report of the tomb of Luhuang King)

Fig. 6.

Multi-view illustration of the 3D Model of Lu Huang King’s pibian (made by the author)
Multi-view illustration of the 3D Model of Lu Huang King’s pibian (made by the author)

Fig. 7.

Textural structure drawing of bamboo-filament woven cap top preform
Textural structure drawing of bamboo-filament woven cap top preform

Fig. 8.

Making and fixing method of gold ridges (a. real picture of a gold ridge, b. schematic diagram of making gold ridge, c. fixing state of gold ridges, d. fixing method of gold ridges; a c photos taken by the author in Shandong Museum, b, d drawn by the author)
Making and fixing method of gold ridges (a. real picture of a gold ridge, b. schematic diagram of making gold ridge, c. fixing state of gold ridges, d. fixing method of gold ridges; a c photos taken by the author in Shandong Museum, b, d drawn by the author)

Fig. 9.

Production and fixing method of tassels (a. Making of “liú”, b. Fixation of jade beads, drawn by the author)
Production and fixing method of tassels (a. Making of “liú”, b. Fixation of jade beads, drawn by the author)

Components of pibian’s metal components (Source: China University of Geosciences)

Name Test part Component test result %
Gold Silver Copper
Hairpin button Large 86.65 11.48 1.87
Medium 84.92 13.15 1.94
Medium 86.69 11.59 1.72
Hairpin Tail of hairpin 86.00 12.08 1.92
Head of hairpin 87.16 10.62 2.22
Body of hairpin 90.34 8.29 1.37
Square decorative frame Short side 87.00 11.26 1.74
Long side 86.92 11.24 1.84
Gold thread in the seam Surface layer 86.59 11.46 1.97

Determinative table of jade stones on the pibian from the Liangzhuang Tomb (Source: China University of Geosciences)

Name Color Shape Number (piece) Diameter (cm) Aperture (cm) Expert conclusion
Black bead Gray black Round-bead type 18 0.6-0.7 0.1 Nephrite (dark jade)
Red bead Maroon Round-bead type 33 0.6-0.7 0.1 Amber
White bead Gray white Round-bead type 40 0.6-0.7 0.1 Nephrite (light greenish white jade)
Green bead Gray green Round-bead type 35 0.6-0.7 0.1 Nephrite (gray jade)

Main components of the Pibian of the Ming dynasty

Name Features Materials Figure Dimension drawing (unit: cm)
Pibian’s principal part The top is mellow and full, and the body presents ups and downs, resembling juxtaposed palms. The skeleton comprises a mesh woven with bamboo filament; the surface is covered with black yarns and the inside is pasted with red silk. They are all rotted.
Pibian’s jade bead A centrally perforated sphere Jade, agate and coral
Pibian’s decorative frame A rectangle with four perforated rounded corners facilitating the threading ropes to be fastened on the pibian. Gold
Pibian’s gold hairpin The hairpin comprises three-layered flat-topped square steps, and a conical long needle which is welded in the center. Gold
Pibian’s hairpin button It resembles a round flower comprising three layers from the center to the outermost external circle of the flower, and the petals are engraved with lines to represent their venation. Gold

Different modules woven with bamboo filament in the pibian

Number a b c
Material object image
Texture image
Module Frontal Left and right sides Cap top’s lateral edge
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