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Effect of growth conditions on wood properties of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)

Regino Kask
Regino Kask
, 
Jaak Pikk
Jaak Pikk
 y 
Ahto Kangur
Ahto Kangur
   | 04 jun 2022
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Article Category: Research paper
Publicado en línea: 04 jun 2022
Páginas: 176 - 187
Recibido: 02 dic 2021
Aceptado: 27 dic 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fsmu-2021-0019
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© 2021 Regino Kask et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Heartwood and sapwood oven-dry density (kg/m3) at the same latewood percentage in heath pine forests.
Heartwood and sapwood oven-dry density (kg/m3) at the same latewood percentage in heath pine forests.

Figure 2

Heartwood and sapwood oven-dry density (kg/m3) at the same latewood percentage in drained raised bog pine forests.
Heartwood and sapwood oven-dry density (kg/m3) at the same latewood percentage in drained raised bog pine forests.

Figure 3

Scots pine heartwood and sapwood across-the-grain bending strength (MPa) in various forest site types at the same oven-dry density (kg/m3).
Scots pine heartwood and sapwood across-the-grain bending strength (MPa) in various forest site types at the same oven-dry density (kg/m3).

Figure 4

Scots pine heartwood and sapwood along-the-grain compression strength (MPa) in various forest site types at the same oven-dry density (kg/m3).
Scots pine heartwood and sapwood along-the-grain compression strength (MPa) in various forest site types at the same oven-dry density (kg/m3).

Figure 5

Scots pine heartwood and sapwood along-the-grain hardness (MPa) in various forest site types at the same oven-dry density (kg/m3).
Scots pine heartwood and sapwood along-the-grain hardness (MPa) in various forest site types at the same oven-dry density (kg/m3).

Determination of wood properties.

Property Used standard Number of tests
Oven-dry density ISO 13061-2:2014 (2014) 1.478
Static bending strength across-the-grain ISO 13061-3:2014 (2014) 1.136
Compression strength along-the-grain ISO 13061-17:2017 (2017) 1.484
Hardness along-the-grain ISO 13061-12:2017 (2017) 952

Pine wood mechanical properties (mean ± SE) at different heights.

Characteristic Sampling height Site type P-value, ANOVA
Heath Drained raised bog Raised bog Myrtillus site type
Bending strength of heartwood, MPa h1.3 103±3 73±2** 72±6** 88±3** <0.0001
h1/2 82±3 54±3** 54±3** 71±2** <0.0001
h3/4 74±2 53±0** 67±2 0.0004
Bending strength of sapwood, MPa h1.3 123±2 92±3** 82±7** 111±4** <0.0001
h1/2 92±2 73±2** 70±4** 91±2 <0.0001
h3/4 80±2 57±2** 53±5 79±2 <0.0001
Compression strength of heartwood, MPa h1.3 60.5±1.5 52.5±1.5** 46.5±4.5** 53.0±1.5** <0.0001
h1/2 48.5±4.0 39.5±1.0** 39.5±2.0** 45.5±1.5 <0.0001
h3/4 44.5±2.0 40.5±2.0 0.1092
Compression strength of sapwood, MPa h1.3 69.0±1.0 59.0±1.5** 52.0±5.5** 63.0±2.0** <0.0001
h1/2 54.5±1.0 48.5±1.0** 47.5±2.5** 54.0±1.5 0.0003
h3/4 46.5±1.0 41.5±1.0* 40.5±1.5 48.0±1.5 0.0008
Hardness of heartwood, MPa h1.3 38±2 34±1 33±2 33±1* 0.0269
h1/2 31±1 28±1* 30±1 26±1** 0.0072
h3/4 31±1 28±1* 31±1 26±1 0.0034
Hardness of sapwood, MPa h1.3 41±1 36±1* 34±3** 35±1** 0.0022
h1/2 34±1 34±1 32±2 28±1** 0.0003
h3/4 32±1 33±1 32±1 27±1 0.0021

Pine wood physical properties (mean ± SE) at different heights.

Characteristic and unit Sampling height Site type P-value, ANOVA
Heath Drained raised bog Raised bog Myrtillus site type
Diameter at breast height, mm h1.3 164.4±3.5 156.5±2.0 124.2±2.0** 226.3±3.2** <0.0001
Heartwood annual ring width, mm h1.3 1.37±0.08 0.92±0.08** 0.88±0.05** 2.19±0.11** <0.0001
h1/2 1.74±0.15 2.72±0.16** 2.12±0.25 2.72±0.24** 0.0002
h3/4 2.13±0.43 1.88±0.30 1.95±0.03 2.61±0.18 0.5127
Sapwood annual ring width, mm h1.3 0.95±0.06 1.20±0.07** 0.99±0.04 1.23±0.09** 0.0142
h1/2 1.29±0.10 1.86±0.07** 1.77±0.06* 1.20±0.09 <0.0001
h3/4 1.81±0.14 2.51±0.13** 2.18±0.07 1.71±0.17 0.0003
Latewood in heartwood, % h1.3 36.6±1.4 26.9±1.3** 25.7±1.4** 33.1±1.1 <0.0001
h1/2 26.7±1.6 16.7±1.1** 16.0±1.9** 23.3±0.9 <0.0001
h3/4 24.1±3.0 19.6±3.8 16.6±6.2 22.7±0.9 0.6653
Latewood in sapwood, % h1.3 44.6±0.9 36.3±1.3** 31.4±2.1** 42.1±0.9* <0.0001
h1/2 34.2±1.1 30.9±0.8* 24.2±0.9** 31.9±0.9 <0.0001
h3/4 29.0±1.1 23.8±0.9** 23.0±2.2* 25.6±1.0 0.0034
Proportion of heartwood, % h1.3 22.3±2.3 17.7±2.2 12.4±1.3* 36.2±4.1** <0.0001
h1/2 17.3±2.2 9.1±1.1** 4.0±0.9** 32.2±4.6** <0.0001
h3/4 2.9±0.7 0.6±0.1** 0.1±0.1* 10.9±2.2** <0.0001
Number of annual rings in sapwood, pcs h1.3 49.8±2.5 35.7±1.4** 42.5±3.4 40.9±1.4* <0.0001
h1/2 33.9±1.9 21.2±0.4** 24.5±1.0* 30.2±1.2 <0.0001
h3/4 24.3±1.9 14.90.5** 15.3±0.8** 23.8±1.5 <0.0001
Oven-dry density of heartwood, kg/m3 h1.3 553±11 457±0** 425±21** 489±8** <0.0001
h1/2 442±10 378±10** 371±15** 410±11* <0.0001
h3/4 444±13 391±10** 0.0043
Oven-dry density of sapwood, kg/m3 h1.3 583±7 497±12** 441±26** 563±10 <0.0001
h1/2 469±8 420±8** 408±13** 464±10 <0.0001
h3/4 445±9 381±6** 370±10** 424±9 <0.0001
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