Items | Before ShotBlocker (first injection), M ± SD | After ShotBlocker (second injection), M ± SD | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Pain score | 4.11 ± 0.75 | 1.07 ± 0.26 | 28.442 | 0.000 |
Anxiety score | 7.40 ± 2.24 | 1.148 ± 2.28 | 17.179 | 0.000 |
Items | Before cryotherapy (first injection), M ± SD | After cryotherapy (second injection), M ± SD | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Pain score | 3.48 ± 1.01 | 2.44 ± 0.93 | 17.838 | 0.000 |
Anxiety score | 8.96 ± 5.30 | 7.29 ± 5.44 | 6.968 | 0.000 |
Items | Intervention type | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group II cryotherapy (N = 27) | Group I ShotBlocker (N = 27) | |||||
N | % | N | % | |||
2.533 | 0.111 | |||||
DM | 9 | 33.3 | 4 | 14.8 | ||
No DM (other diseases) | 18 | 66.7 | 23 | 85.2 | ||
6.750 | 0.034 | |||||
Less than 1 year | 21 | 77.8 | 27 | 100 | ||
1–10 years | 3 | 11.1 | 0 | 0 | ||
11–20 years | 3 | 11.1 | 0 | 0 | ||
5.283 | 0.022 | |||||
Yes | 20 | 74.1 | 26 | 96.3 | ||
No | 7 | 25.9 | 1 | 3.7 | ||
0.912 | 0.340 | |||||
Insulin | 8 | 29.6 | 5 | 18.5 | ||
Anticoagulant | 19 | 70.4 | 22 | 81.5 | ||
0.670 | 0.413 | |||||
Abdomen | 11 | 40.7 | 14 | 51.9 | ||
Arm | 16 | 59.3 | 13 | 48.1 |
Items | Intervention type | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group II cryotherapy (N = 27) | Group I ShotBlocker (N = 27) | |||||
N | % | N | % | |||
0.074 | 0.785 | |||||
Male | 13 | 48.1 | 12 | 44.4 | ||
Female | 14 | 51.9 | 15 | 55.6 | ||
4.286 | 0.232 | |||||
19–29 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 11.1 | ||
30–39 | 2 | 7.4 | 2 | 7.4 | ||
39–40 | 5 | 18.5 | 2 | 7.4 | ||
<40 | 20 | 74.1 | 20 | 74.1 | ||
1.143 | 0.565 | |||||
Single | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3.7 | ||
Married | 23 | 85.2 | 23 | 85.2 | ||
Widowed | 4 | 14.8 | 3 | 11.1 | ||
3.698 | 0.296 | |||||
Illiterate | 10 | 37 | 12 | 44.4 | ||
Read and write | 3 | 11.1 | 2 | 7.4 | ||
Secondary school | 12 | 44.4 | 7 | 25.9 | ||
University | 2 | 7.4 | 6 | 22.2 | ||
3.771 | 0.287 | |||||
Manual work | 15 | 55.6 | 14 | 51.9 | ||
Mental work | 12 | 44.4 | 13 | 48.1 |
Items | Cryotherapy, M ± SD | ShotBlocker, M ± SD | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Pain score | 2.44 ± 0.93 | 1.07 ± 0.26 | 7.333 | 0.000 |
Anxiety score | 7.29 ± 5.44 | 1.148 ± 2.28 | 7.026 | 0.000 |