ShotBlocker versus cryotherapy for reducing pain and anxiety associated with subcutaneous injection

Figure 1.

Comparison between subcutaneous injection-associated pain and anxiety mean scores before and after using ShotBlocker (N = 27)_

Items	Before ShotBlocker (first injection), M ± SD	After ShotBlocker (second injection), M ± SD	t test*	P value
Pain score	4.11 ± 0.75	1.07 ± 0.26	28.442	0.000
Anxiety score	7.40 ± 2.24	1.148 ± 2.28	17.179	0.000

Comparison of subcutaneous injection-associated pain and anxiety mean scores before and after using cryotherapy (N = 27)_

Items	Before cryotherapy (first injection), M ± SD	After cryotherapy (second injection), M ± SD	t test*	P value
Pain score	3.48 ± 1.01	2.44 ± 0.93	17.838	0.000
Anxiety score	8.96 ± 5.30	7.29 ± 5.44	6.968	0.000

Medical data of study participants (N = 54)_

Items	Intervention type				χ2	P value
	Group II cryotherapy (N = 27)		Group I ShotBlocker (N = 27)
	N	%	N	%
Diagnosis					2.533	0.111
DM	9	33.3	4	14.8
No DM (other diseases)	18	66.7	23	85.2
Time of commencement of usage of subcutaneous injection					6.750	0.034
Less than 1 year	21	77.8	27	100
1–10 years	3	11.1	0	0
11–20 years	3	11.1	0	0
Are you afraid of subcutaneous injections?					5.283	0.022
Yes	20	74.1	26	96.3
No	7	25.9	1	3.7
Type of medication					0.912	0.340
Insulin	8	29.6	5	18.5
Anticoagulant	19	70.4	22	81.5
Injection site					0.670	0.413
Abdomen	11	40.7	14	51.9
Arm	16	59.3	13	48.1

Socio-demographic characteristics of study participants (N = 54)_

Items	Intervention type				χ2	P value
	Group II cryotherapy (N = 27)		Group I ShotBlocker (N = 27)
	N	%	N	%
Sex					0.074	0.785
Male	13	48.1	12	44.4
Female	14	51.9	15	55.6
Age (years)					4.286	0.232
19–29	0	0	3	11.1
30–39	2	7.4	2	7.4
39–40	5	18.5	2	7.4
<40	20	74.1	20	74.1
Marital status					1.143	0.565
Single	0	0	1	3.7
Married	23	85.2	23	85.2
Widowed	4	14.8	3	11.1
Education					3.698	0.296
Illiterate	10	37	12	44.4
Read and write	3	11.1	2	7.4
Secondary school	12	44.4	7	25.9
University	2	7.4	6	22.2
Occupation					3.771	0.287
Manual work	15	55.6	14	51.9
Mental work	12	44.4	13	48.1

Comparison between cryotherapy and ShotBlocker in terms of reducing subcutaneous injection-associated pain and anxiety (N = 27 in each group)_

Items	Cryotherapy, M ± SD	ShotBlocker, M ± SD	t test*	P value
Pain score	2.44 ± 0.93	1.07 ± 0.26	7.333	0.000
Anxiety score	7.29 ± 5.44	1.148 ± 2.28	7.026	0.000