Repeated measurements of depression and outcomes in patients receiving hemodialysis†
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Article Category: Original Article
Publicado en línea: 31 dic 2022
Páginas: 353 - 359
Recibido: 07 mar 2022
Aceptado: 22 jun 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fon-2022-0045
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© 2022 Lu Zhang et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Comparison of HAMDS scores between the deceased and surviving groups (n = 258).
| Items | Deceased patients ( |
Surviving patients ( |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HAMDS score (SD) | 7.15 (3.14) | 6.30 (2.84) | −2.164 | 0.03 |
Baseline demographic and illness characteristics.
| Characteristic | Deceased patients ( |
Surviving patients ( |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 64.59 (12.27) | 59.98 (13.19) | −2.631 | 0.009 | |
| 2.282 | 0.157 | |||
| Male | 57 | 79 | ||
| Female | 40 | 82 | ||
| 3.892 | 0.143 | |||
| Primary school and below | 41 | 49 | ||
| Secondary school | 46 | 89 | ||
| College | 10 | 23 | ||
| 4.985 | 0.083 | |||
| Single | 3 | 5 | ||
| Married | 78 | 136 | ||
| Divorced/widowed | 16 | 20 | ||
| 2.807 | 0.246 | |||
| Working | 8 | 12 | ||
| Retired | 74 | 110 | ||
| Unemployed/students/ | 15 | 39 | ||
| 6.117 | 0.106 | |||
| <1000 | 14 | 10 | ||
| 1000–1999 | 46 | 77 | ||
| 2000–2999 | 19 | 45 | ||
| >3000 | 18 | 29 | ||
| 1731±1162 | 1867±1037 | 0.904 | 0.368 | |
| 39.91 (45.41) | 29.60 (34.99) | −1.903 | 0.057 | |
| 6.569 | 0.363 | |||
| Glomerulonephritis | 32 (33.0) | 50 (31.1) | ||
| Diabetic nephropathy | 21 (21.6) | 38 (23.6) | ||
| Hypertensive nephropathy | 21 (21.6) | 27 (16.8) | ||
| Obstructive nephropathy | 9 (9.3) | 7 (4.3) | ||
| Polycystic kidney | 4 (4.1) | 14 (8.7) | ||
| Unknown | 3 (3.1) | 6 (3.7) | ||
| Other |
7 (7.3) | 19 (11.8) | ||
| 20.34 (3.22) | 20.77 (2.76) | −1.135 | 0.257 |
Results of Cox regression analysis models.
| Variable | Coefficient | Adjusted RR of death (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 0.032 | <0.001 | 1.032 (1.015–1.050) |
| HAMDS score | 0.067 | 0.034 | 1.069 (1.005–1.138) |
Changes in the percentage of depression at three time points, n (%) (n = 124).
| Items | Baseline | 1-year follow-up | 2-year follow-up | χ2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lower score | 90 (72.6) | 87 (70.2) | 70 (56.5) | ||
| Higher score | 34 (27.4) | 37 (29.8) | 54 (43.5) | ||
| Total score | 124 (100) | 124 (100) | 124 (100) | 8.41 | 0.015 |
Hazard ratios for mortality (n = 317).
| Groups | Total | Deceased patients | Incidence (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 0.002 | |||
| 18–60 | 148 | 32 | 21.6 | |
| 61–91 | 169 | 65 | 38.5 | |
| HAMDS score | 0.037 | |||
| 1–6 | 175 | 46 | 26.3 | |
| 7–17 | 142 | 51 | 35.9 |
Changes in depression at three time points (n = 124).
| Item | Baseline | 1-year follow-up | 2-year follow-up | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HAMDS score (SD) | 4.74 (4.00) | 4.94 (3.84) | 6.50 (3.15) | 9.78 | <0.001 |