Depressive symptoms and their associated factors in heart failure patients
y | 30 dic 2021
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Article Category: Original article
Publicado en línea: 30 dic 2021
Páginas: 389 - 397
Recibido: 28 mar 2021
Aceptado: 28 abr 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fon-2021-0039
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© 2021 Deng-Xin He et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Figure 1
Comparison of HADS-D score by sample characteristics.
| Variable | N(%)/M ± SD/Median (Q) | HADS-D M ± SD | Post hoc test | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| −0.064 | 0.949 | ||||||
| Male | 165 (51.4) | 4.8 ± 3.2 | |||||
| Female | 156 (48.6) | 4.8 ± 3.1 | |||||
| 63.6 ± 10.6 | 0.110 | 0.048 | |||||
| 4.002 | <0.001 | ||||||
| <High school | 209 (65.1) | 5.3 ± 3.0 | |||||
| ≥High school | 112 (34.9) | 3.9 ± 3.2 | |||||
| 2.383 | 0.018 | ||||||
| Unemployed | 191 (59.5) | 5.3 ± 3.4 | |||||
| Employed | 130 (40.5) | 4.5 ± 2.9 | |||||
| 2.006 | 0.046 | ||||||
| Single/divorced/widowed | 46 (14.3) | 5.7 ± 3.1 | |||||
| Married/cohabitating | 275 (85.7) | 4.7 ± 3.1 | |||||
| 3.049 | 0.002 | ||||||
| Rural area | 123 (38.3) | 5.5 ± 3.4 | |||||
| Urban area | 198 (61.7) | 4.4 ± 2.9 | |||||
| 3.318 | 0.001 | ||||||
| <1000 | 88 (27.4) | 5.8 ± 3.5 | |||||
| 1000 | 233 (72.6) | 4.5 ± 2.9 | |||||
| 0.789 | 0.431 | ||||||
| <40% | 51 (15.9) | 5.1 ± 3.4 | |||||
| ≥40% | 270 (84.1) | 4.8 ± 3.1 | |||||
| 6.590 | 0.002 | ||||||
| (a) II | 202 (62.9) | 4.4 ± 3.0 | a<b |
||||
| (b) III | 93 (29.0) | 5.5 ± 3.2 | b<c | ||||
| (c) IV | 26 (8.1) | 6.0 ± 3.5 | |||||
| 2384.6 (262.3–2714.1) | 0.135 | 0.015 | |||||
| −3.187 | 0.002 | ||||||
| <3 | 261 (81.3) | 4.6 ± 3.2 | |||||
| ≥3 | 60 (18.7) | 6.0 ± 2.7 | |||||
| −2.206 | 0.028 | ||||||
| <6 months | 202 (62.9) | 4.5 ± 3.2 | |||||
| ≥6 months | 119 (37.1) | 5.3 ± 2.9 | |||||
| −0.945 | 0.345 | ||||||
| <3 | 39 (12.1) | 4.7 ± 3.1 | |||||
| ≥3 | 282 (87.9) | 5.1 ± 3.1 | |||||
| 6.371 | < 0.001 | ||||||
| (a) <18.5 | 11 (3.4) | 7.7 ± 3.1 | a>b |
||||
| (b) 18.5–23.9 | 86 (26.8) | 5.5 ± 3.5 | b>c |
||||
| (c)24.0–27.9 | 147 (45.8) | 4.6 ± 3.0 | c>d | ||||
| (d) ³28.0 | 77 (24.0) | 4.1 ± 2.5 |
Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis of HADS-D score (n = 321).
| Variables | β | 95% CI | Collinearity statistics | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tolerance | VIF | ||||||
| Hospitalizations <3 | 0.737 | 0.039 | 1.436 | 2.079 | 0.038 | 0.878 | 1.139 |
| DASI | −0.043 | −0.075 | −0.012 | −2.734 | 0.007 | 0.778 | 1.285 |
| MSPSS | −0.047 | −0.086 | −0.009 | −2.426 | 0.016 | 0.806 | 1.241 |
| LOT-R | −0.513 | −0.639 | −0.388 | −8.035 | < 0.001 | 0.863 | 1.159 |
| Self-care confidence | −0.032 | −0.053 | −0.012 | −3.092 | 0.002 | 0.859 | 1.164 |
| HLS | −0.076 | −0.099 | −0.053 | −6.503 | < 0.001 | 0.785 | 1.273 |
| DASI*LOT-R | 0.017 | 0.005 | 0.030 | 2.723 | 0.007 | 0.934 | 1.071 |
Mean scores and correlation coefficients between potential influencing factors and HADS-D (n = 321).
| Variable | Mean | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. HADS-D | 4.8 | 3.1 | 1 | ||||
| 2. DASI | 20.6 | 9.3 | −0.353 |
1 | |||
| 3. MSPSS | 64.7 | 7.4 | −0.378 |
0.170 |
1 | ||
| 4. LOT-R | 20.7 | 2.2 | −0.456 |
0.110 |
0.325 |
1 | |
| 5. Self-care confidence | 57.1 | 13.4 | −0.321 |
0.126 |
0.212 |
0.156 |
1 |
| 6. HLS | 99.5 | 12.5 | −0.462 |
0.335 |
0.275 |
0.107 | 0.299 |