Experience of the patient's success in facing post-stroke urinary incontinence: the patient's perspective
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21 sept 2021
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Categoría del artículo: Original article
Publicado en línea: 21 sept 2021
Páginas: 291 - 301
Recibido: 21 nov 2020
Aceptado: 24 dic 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fon-2021-0030
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© 2021 Heltty Heltty et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Thematic analysis_
| Thema | Sub-thema | Category | Thema description | Number of informants mentioning this theme (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Provided information to get to know and understand post-stroke UI | Information on physical condition during post-stroke UI | Preliminary information on the occurrence of UI | – Could not urinate as usual since a stroke | 6 (75) |
| – Could not urinate in the bathroom since a stroke | 6 (75) | |||
| – Urinated in pants / clothing since a stroke | 4 (50) | |||
| – Urinated in a sarong since a stroke | 3 (38) | |||
| – Urinated on a mattress since a stroke | 3 (38) | |||
| – Urinated in a bottle since a stroke, especially at night | 1 (13) | |||
| Unable to resist urinating | – Feel like urinating but couldn’t hold it | 3 (38) | ||
| – Didn’t feel urinating | 3 (38) | |||
| – Urinated before reaching the bathroom | 5 (63) | |||
| – If standing up, the urine comes out | 2 (25) | |||
| – Pants, clothes, and sarong were often wet from urine | 3 (38) | |||
| Urine odor | – Clothes smelt urine | 4 (50) | ||
| – The bedroom smelled of urine | 3 (38) | |||
| Sleep disturbed | – Rarely took a nap | 5 (63) | ||
| – Couldn’t sleep because of urination | 2 (25) | |||
| – Woke up 1–4 times at night due to urination | 5 (63) | |||
| Information on psychosocial conditions during post-stroke UI | Anxious feelings | – Worried out of the house because of wet pants | 4 (50) | |
| – Worry that urine will suddenly come out | 3 (38) | |||
| Feeling of not confident | – Inferior | 3 (38) | ||
| – Embarrassed to pee in pants | 4 (50) | |||
| – Feel bad to go out the house | 4 (50) | |||
| Feeling helpless | – Burdening the family | 6 (75) | ||
| – Like a child / baby | 4 (50) | |||
| – Not active in the environment / social activities | 3 (38) | |||
| – Can’t help the family make a living | 5 (63) | |||
| 2. Did the ways to overcome post-stroke UI | Did not use pads/diapers | – Didn’t use pads because it was uncomfortable | 8 (100) | |
| – Did not use pads because of irritated groin | 2 (25) | |||
| Tried to pee in the toilet | – Tried walking slowly to the bathroom to pee | 5 (63) | ||
| – Walked to the bathroom using the tools (cane, wheelchair) | 6 (75) | |||
| – Holding on to a piece of wood that was glued to the wall when walked to the bathroom | 1 (13) | |||
| Hold back urinate | – Stopped briefly walking to hold urination | 5 (63) | ||
| – Pressing on both thighs | 3 (38) | |||
| Distract when holding urinate | – Divert attention from urinating while dhikr and pray | 4 (50) | ||
| – Thought about what to do if healed | 3 (38) | |||
| Did not limit the portion of drinking | – Drank as usual | 6 (75) | ||
| – Did not limit drinking | 6 (75) | |||
| Conducted health checks on health workers | – Control to a neurology / physiotherapy clinic regularly | 3 (38) | ||
| – Control to a neurology / physiotherapy clinic irregularly | 4 (50) | |||
| Environmental modification | – Made a simple toilet in the bedroom | 1 (13) | ||
| Urinating in a nearby bathroom | – Urinated in a nearby bathroom | 4 (50) | ||
| – Urinated in the bathroom that there was in the bedroom | 1 (13) | |||
| 3. Conducted self-control and stay motivated | Positive thoughts | Positive thoughts | – All must be faced | 3 (38) |
| – There were still many people who stroke worse | 4 (50) | |||
| – Must keep the spirit | 3 (38) | |||
| – Take advantage of time and opportunity | 4 (50) | |||
| – Tried to fight disease | 3 (38) | |||
| – Must be diligent in practicing and controlling | 3 (38) | |||
| – Must be able to walk | 4 (50) | |||
| Removed the burden of UI's mind | – Just lived this disease | 3 (38) | ||
| – Illness should not be considered a burden | 3 (38) | |||
| – Did not want to think another things, just thought how to get well | 5 (63) | |||
| – If it didn’t hurt, it was not possible to urinate like this | 2 (25) | |||
| Drew close to God | Prayed | – Asked God for healing | 8 (100) | |
| – Dhikr | 4 (50) | |||
| – Asked forgiveness from God | 4 (50) | |||
| Read the bible | – Reciting Al-Qur’an | 6 (75) | ||
| Surrendered to God's decision | – Sincere | 5 (63) | ||
| – Leave it to God | 4 (50) | |||
| Run the command of god | – Prayer | 4 (50) | ||
| Control of emotions | Be grateful | – Grateful given the opportunity | 2 (25) | |
| – Grateful given a long life | 3 (38) | |||
| – Thankful that things were better | 4 (50) | |||
| – Grateful there were still caring | 3 (38) | |||
| Be patient | – Patiently in faced disease | 4 (50) | ||
| – Patiently in faced the words of people who are not well to be heard | 2 (25) | |||
| Hold back emotions | – Not easily offended | 4 (50) | ||
| – Not easy to get angry | 2 (25) | |||
| Beliefs | Beliefs in healing | – Beliefs that it can be cured | 5 (63) | |
| – Optimistic can recover | 3 (38) | |||
| Spiritual belief in interpreting UI post-stroke | – These were all temptation from god | 4 (50) | ||
| – This was as a sin remover | 3 (38) | |||
| 4. Performed daily activities independently according to ability | Performed activities independently according to ability | – Tried to do daily activities themselves | 8 (100) | |
| – Bathing, dressing, and eating by him/herself | 7 (86) | |||
| – Tried to pee by self in the bathroom | 6 (75) | |||
| Performed activities according to ability | – Did light activities as much as possible (such as sweeping the floor) | 5 (63) | ||
| – Did according to ability | 5 (63) | |||
| 5. Family support and peer's attention | Family support | – Husband / wife and child gave support | 4 (50) | |
| – The family gives encouragement, help care, and usher for | 6 (75) | |||
| control to the hospital | 4 (50) | |||
| – The family provided walking aids | 1 (13) | |||
| – The family made a simple toilet in the room | ||||
| Peer's attention | – Visited by a friend | 5 (63) | ||
| – Friends gave encouragement | 3 (38) | |||
Informant characteristics_
| Informant number | Age (years) | Education background | Marital status | Job | Gender | Medical diagnosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| In1 | 56 | High school | Divorced | Retired | Male | NHS, hemiparese dextra |
| In2 | 65 | High school | Divorced | Housewife | Female | NHS, hemiparese dextra |
| In3 | 35 | High school | Married | Housewife | Female | NHS, hemiparese sinistra |
| In4 | 57 | High school | Married | Housewife | Female | NHS, hemiparese dextra |
| In5 | 61 | High school | Single | Gardener | Female | NHS, hemiparese sinistra |
| In6 | 51 | High school | Married | Entrepreneur | Male | NHS, hemiparese dextra |
| In7 | 65 | High school | Divorce | Retired | Male | NHS, hemiparese dextra |
| In8 | 61 | High school | Married | Retired | Female | NHS, hemiparese dextra |