Optimization of Accounting information System in Public Sector for Sustainable Risk Management Under Big Data Analytics. Does forensic Accountants’ Skill Generate Differences?

Figure 1.

Research findings on the moderating role of Forensic accountants’ skill (Source: Authors’ own research)

Causal relationship			Low FAS (n=302)		High FAS (n=381)		Difference between parameters (high FAS–low FAS)		Hypothesis testing results
			Standardized	P	Standardized	P	Standardized	P	-
BDA	➔	AIS	0.151	0.517	0.422	0.000	0.271	0.517	H3A was buttressed
AIS	➔	SRM	0.297	0.000	0.750	0.000	0.453	0.000	H3B was buttressed

Exploratoryd Factor Analysis – Measures of Adequacy_ (Source: Authors’ own research)

Criteria	Cut-off values	Results	Inference
Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin	Marvelous >0.9, Unacceptable < 0.5	0.767	Acceptable
Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity	< 0.05	0.000 (chi-square = 9615.156; df = 666)	Acceptable
Total variance explained	>50%	58.538%	Acceptable

Result of measurement and structural model assessment (Source: Authors’ own research)

The goodness-of-fit measures	Chi-square/df	GFI	CFI	TLI	RMSEA
Recommended threshold	≤2	≥0.9	≥0.9	≥0.9	< 0.05
Measurement model	1.348	0.943	0.979	0.975	0.023
Structural model	1.530	0.939	0.970	0.968	0.028

Measurement Model Assessment (Source: Authors’ own research)

Construct	Item Acronyms	Factor Loadings Ranges	AVE	Cronbach’s Alpha	Composite Reliability	Inference
Big data analytics	BDA	-	-	-	-	-
BDA Management Capability	MC	0.661–0.912	0.581	0.798	0.805	Retained
BDA Technology Capability	TEC	0.655–0.919	0.637	0.829	0.839	Retained
BDA Talent Capability	TC	0.639–0.782	0.508	0.749	0.755	Retained
Accounting information system	AIS	-	-	-	-	-
Data input system organization	DIS	0.582–0.916	0.605	0.813	0.820	Retained
Data processing system organization	DPS	0.690–0.841	0.594	0.811	0.814	Retained
Data storage system organization	DSS	0.765–0.936	0.684	0.863	0.866	Retained
Financial statement system organization	FSS	0.695–0.913	0.638	0.834	0.840	Retained
Sustainable risk management	SRM	-	-	-	-	-
Sustainability Assessment	SA	0.696–0.739	0.530	0.769	0.772	Retained
Sustainability Risk Identification	SRI	0.631–0.787	0.548	0.781	0.784	Retained
Sustainability Risk Analysis and Evaluation	SRAE	0.664–0.862	0.630	0.830	0.835	Retained
Sustainability Risk Treatment and Communication	SRTC	0.690–0.827	0.577	0.801	0.803	Retained
Forensic accountants’ skill	FAS	0.597–0.700	0.500	0.724	0.725	Retained

Results summary of discriminant validity (Source: Authors’ own research)

-	DSS	FSS	TEC	SRAE	DPS	MC	SRTC	DIS	SRI	FAS	SA	TC
DSS	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
FSS	0.235	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
TEC	0.112	0.114	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
SRAE	-0.015	0.161	0.007	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
DPS	0.171	0.212	0.025	0.157	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
MC	0.029	0.095	0.291	0.048	0.096	1	-	-	-	-	-	-
SRTC	0.159	0.157	0.136	0.102	0.033	0.071	1	-	-	-	-	-
DIS	0.301	0.364	0.067	0.143	0.437	0.264	0.090	1	-	-	-	-
SRI	0.163	0.137	0.108	0.199	0.083	0.162	0.281	0.096	1	-	-	-
FAS	-0.033	-0.041	-0.056	0.088	-0.029	0.018	0.085	-0.020	0.002	1	-	-
SA	0.133	0.224	0.027	0.373	0.295	0.133	0.365	0.373	0.333	-0.003	1	-
TC	0.068	0.035	0.129	0.017	0.031	0.258	0.076	0.041	0.091	-0.038	0.080	1

Structural coefficients (β) of the hypothesized model (Source: Authors’ own research)

Hypothesis No.	Hypothesized path			Standardized	S.E.	C.R.	P	Inference
H1	BDA	➔	AIS	0.329	0.092	3.318	0.000	Buttressed
H2	AIS	➔	SRM	0.515	0.053	7.230	0.000	Buttressed