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Neodymium and zinc stimulate growth, biomass accumulation and nutrient uptake of lettuce plants in hydroponics

Imelda Rueda-López

Imelda Rueda-López

College of Postgraduates in Agricultural Sciences Campus Montecillo, Programs of Soil Science and Plant PhysiologyMontecillo, Texcoco, Mexico
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Rueda-López, Imelda
, 
Libia I. Trejo-Téllez

Libia I. Trejo-Téllez

College of Postgraduates in Agricultural Sciences Campus Montecillo, Programs of Soil Science and Plant PhysiologyMontecillo, Texcoco, Mexico
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Trejo-Téllez, Libia I.
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Fernando C. Gómez-Merino

Fernando C. Gómez-Merino

College of Postgraduates in Agricultural Sciences Campus Montecillo, Programs of Soil Science and Plant PhysiologyMontecillo, Texcoco, Mexico
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Gómez-Merino, Fernando C.
, 
María G. Peralta-Sánchez

María G. Peralta-Sánchez

College of Postgraduates in Agricultural Sciences Campus Montecillo, Programs of Soil Science and Plant PhysiologyMontecillo, Texcoco, Mexico
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Peralta-Sánchez, María G.
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Sara M. Ramírez-Olvera

Sara M. Ramírez-Olvera

College of Postgraduates in Agricultural Sciences Campus Montecillo, Programs of Soil Science and Plant PhysiologyMontecillo, Texcoco, Mexico
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Ramírez-Olvera, Sara M.
  
05 sept 2024
Neodymium and zinc stimulate growth, biomass accumulation and nutrient uptake of lettuce plants in hydroponics's Cover Image
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Categoría del artículo: ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Publicado en línea: 05 sept 2024
Páginas: 283 - 297
Recibido: 21 ene 2024
Aceptado: 17 jun 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2024-0017
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© 2024 Imelda Rueda-López et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1.

Plant height (A), number of leaves (B), root volume (C) and leaf area (D) of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cv. ‘Ruby Sky’ treated for 48 days with different concentrations of Nd (0.000, 2.885, 5.770 and 8.655 mg · L−1). Bars ± SD (standard deviation) with different letters in each subfigure indicate significant statistical differences (Tukey, p ≤ 0.05).
Plant height (A), number of leaves (B), root volume (C) and leaf area (D) of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cv. ‘Ruby Sky’ treated for 48 days with different concentrations of Nd (0.000, 2.885, 5.770 and 8.655 mg · L−1). Bars ± SD (standard deviation) with different letters in each subfigure indicate significant statistical differences (Tukey, p ≤ 0.05).

Figure 2.

Leaf length (A) and leaf area (B) of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cv. ‘Ruby Sky’ plants treated for 48 days with different concentrations of Nd (0.000, 2.885, 5.770 and 8.655 mg · L−1) and Zn (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mg · L−1). Bars ± SD (standard deviation) with different letters in each subfigure indicate significant statistical differences (Tukey, p ≤ 0.05).
Leaf length (A) and leaf area (B) of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cv. ‘Ruby Sky’ plants treated for 48 days with different concentrations of Nd (0.000, 2.885, 5.770 and 8.655 mg · L−1) and Zn (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mg · L−1). Bars ± SD (standard deviation) with different letters in each subfigure indicate significant statistical differences (Tukey, p ≤ 0.05).

Figure 3.

Growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cv. ‘Ruby Sky’ plants treated for 48 days with different concentrations of Nd (0.000, 2.885, 5.770 and 8.655 mg · L−1) and Zn (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mg · L−1).
Growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cv. ‘Ruby Sky’ plants treated for 48 days with different concentrations of Nd (0.000, 2.885, 5.770 and 8.655 mg · L−1) and Zn (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mg · L−1).

Figure 4.

Fresh and dry biomass of stem (A and D), root (B and E), and total (C and F) of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cv. ‘Ruby Sky’ plants treated for 48 days with different concentrations of Nd (0.000, 2.885, 5.770 and 8.655 mg · L−1) and Zn (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mg · L−1). Bars ± SD (standard deviation) with different letters in each subfigure indicate significant statistical differences (Tukey, p ≤ 0.05).
Fresh and dry biomass of stem (A and D), root (B and E), and total (C and F) of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cv. ‘Ruby Sky’ plants treated for 48 days with different concentrations of Nd (0.000, 2.885, 5.770 and 8.655 mg · L−1) and Zn (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mg · L−1). Bars ± SD (standard deviation) with different letters in each subfigure indicate significant statistical differences (Tukey, p ≤ 0.05).

Figure 5.

Dry biomass of stem (A), root (B) and total (C) of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cv. ‘Ruby Sky’ plants treated for 48 days with different concentrations of Nd (0.000, 2.885, 5.770 and 8.655 mg · L−1) and Zn (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mg · L−1). Bars ± SD (standard deviation) with different letters in each subfigure indicate significant statistical differences (Tukey, p ≤ 0.05).
Dry biomass of stem (A), root (B) and total (C) of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cv. ‘Ruby Sky’ plants treated for 48 days with different concentrations of Nd (0.000, 2.885, 5.770 and 8.655 mg · L−1) and Zn (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mg · L−1). Bars ± SD (standard deviation) with different letters in each subfigure indicate significant statistical differences (Tukey, p ≤ 0.05).

Figure 6.

Foliar concentration of nitrogen (A), phosphorus (B) and potassium (C) in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cv. ‘Ruby Sky’ plants treated for 48 days with different concentrations of Nd (0.000, 2.885, 5.770 and 8.655 mg · L−1) and Zn (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mg · L−1). Bars ± SD (standard deviation) with different letters in each subfigure indicate significant statistical differences (Tukey, p ≤ 0.05).
Foliar concentration of nitrogen (A), phosphorus (B) and potassium (C) in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cv. ‘Ruby Sky’ plants treated for 48 days with different concentrations of Nd (0.000, 2.885, 5.770 and 8.655 mg · L−1) and Zn (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mg · L−1). Bars ± SD (standard deviation) with different letters in each subfigure indicate significant statistical differences (Tukey, p ≤ 0.05).

Significance of the study factors and their interaction in the foliar concentration of N, P and K, in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cv_ ‘Ruby Sky’ plants_

Study factors Nitrogen (N) Phosphorus (P) Potassium (K)
Nd <0.0001* <0.0001* <0.0001*
Zn <0.0001* 0.4549ns <0.0001*
Nd × Zn <0.0001* <0.0001* <0.0001*

Significance of the study factors and their interaction in the weights of fresh and dry biomasses, and their relationships, in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cv_ ‘Ruby Sky’ plants_

Study factors FM Stem:root FM ratio DM Stem:root DM ratio
Shoot Root Total Shoot Root Total
Nd 0.0006* <0.0001* 0.0004* 0.3680ns <0.0001* 0.0001* <0.0001* 0.5537ns
Zn 0.0009* <0.0001* 0.0005* 0.1334ns <0.0001* 0.0004* <0.0001* 0.0023*
Nd × Zn 0.2578ns 0.1038ns 0.2535ns 0.0186* 0.0049* 0.0311* 0.0054* 0.0433*

Composition of the Steiner nutrient solution and chemical sources used in this experiment_

Nutrient Concentration (mg · L−1) Chemical sources Brand
N 168.00 Ca(NO3)2 · 4H2O and KNO3 Meyer and Meyer
P 31.00 KH2PO4 J.T. Baker
K 273.00 KNO3, K2SO4 and KH2PO4 Meyer, J.T. Baker, and Meyer
Ca 180.00 Ca(NO3)2 · 4H2O Meyer
Mg 48.00 MgSO4 · 7H2O Meyer
S 112.00 K2SO4 and MgSO4 · 7H2O J.T. Baker and Meyer
Fe 5.00 Fe-EDTA1 Sigma-Adrich, J.T. Baker and Meyer
Cu 0.02 CuSO4 · 5H2O Fermont
Zn 0.11 ZnSO4 · 7H2O Fermont
Mn 0.62 MnSO4 · H2O Fermont
B 0.44 H3BO3 J.T. Baker
Mo 0.10 H2MoO4 · H2O J.T. Baker

Ratios of fresh and dry stem:root biomasses in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cv_ ‘Ruby Sky’ plants treated with Nd and Zn_

Nd (mg · L−1) Zn (mg · L−1) Stem:root FM ratio Stem:root DM ratio
0.000 0.1 4.80 ± 0.21 ab 6.47 ± 0.42 ab
0.000 0.2 4.22 ± 0.19 b 6.47 ± 0.41 ab
0.000 0.3 4.49 ± 0.03 ab 6.09 ± 0.09 ab
2.885 0.1 4.65 ± 0.25 ab 6.17 ± 0.24 ab
2.885 0.2 4.82 ± 0.16 ab 5.11 ± 0.19 b
2.885 0.3 4.70 ± 0.06 ab 6.54 ± 0.48 ab
5.770 0.1 4.96 ± 0.09 ab 6.84 ± 0.18 ab
5.770 0.2 4.74 ± 0.09 ab 5.50 ± 0.12 ab
5.770 0.3 4.81 ± 0.11 ab 6.77 ± 0.09 ab
8.655 0.1 4.48 ± 0.13 b 5.57 ± 0.29 ab
8.655 0.2 4.53 ± 0.11 ab 5.17 ± 0.38 b
8.655 0.3 5.53 ± 0.35 a 7.56 ± 0.71 a

Significance of the study factors and their interaction in growth variables of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cv_ ‘Ruby Sky’ plants_

Study factors Plant height Number of leaves Leaf length Root volume Leaf area
Nd 0.0012* 0.0001* 0.0196* 0.0250* <0.0001*
Zn 0.9442ns 0.7758ns 0.0008* 0.6681ns 0.0001*
Nd × Zn 0.1283ns 0.3965ns 0.0152* 0.5860ns 0.0198*
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