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Distribution and natural regeneration of Tilia cordata Mill. in Ukrainian plain forests in a changing climate

Maksym Rumiantsev
Maksym Rumiantsev
, 
Volodymyr Luk’yanets
Volodymyr Luk’yanets
, 
Oleksii Kobets
Oleksii Kobets
, 
Iryna Obolonyk
Iryna Obolonyk
, 
Oksana Tarnopilska
Oksana Tarnopilska
, 
Svitlana Poznіakova
Svitlana Poznіakova
, 
Sergiy Musienko
Sergiy Musienko
 y 
Olha Tupchii
Olha Tupchii
   | 08 jun 2021
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Article Category: Original article
Publicado en línea: 08 jun 2021
Páginas: 125 - 137
Recibido: 08 sept 2020
Aceptado: 01 abr 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2021-0014
© 2021 Maksym Rumiantsev, Volodymyr Luk’yanets, Oleksii Kobets, Iryna Obolonyk, Oksana Tarnopilska, Svitlana Poznіakova, Sergiy Musienko, Olha Tupchii, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Distribution map of Tilia cordata Mill. (dark-grey) in Europe (Svejgaard 2003; Radoglou et al. 2009; De Jaegere et al. 2016)
Distribution map of Tilia cordata Mill. (dark-grey) in Europe (Svejgaard 2003; Radoglou et al. 2009; De Jaegere et al. 2016)

Figure 2

Location of the study site (grey pattern is the distribution of oak and lime stands within Ukraine and the study area)
Location of the study site (grey pattern is the distribution of oak and lime stands within Ukraine and the study area)

Figure 3

Productivity of stands with different lime proportion in their composition
Productivity of stands with different lime proportion in their composition

Figure 4

Productivity of oak stands with different lime proportion in their composition
Productivity of oak stands with different lime proportion in their composition

Current state of small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata) stands in Ukraine (as of 2016)

Administrative regions Total forest area (ha) Including small-leaved lime stands
ha Percent of the total area
Autonomous of Crimea Republic 227,700 150 0.1
Cherkasy Region 255,400 2,660 1.0
Chernihiv Region 355,500 1,680 0.5
Chernivtsi Region 157,300 350 0.2
Dnipropetrovsk Region 65,700 50 0.1
Donetsk Region 92,500 110 0.1
Ivano-Frankivsk Region 425,800 1,830 0.4
Kharkiv Region 282,300 1,660 0.6
Kherson Region 77,300 – <0.1
Khmelnytskyi Region 167,400 260 0.2
Kyiv Region 355,100 1,150 0.3
Kirovohrad Region 103,500 740 0.7
Luhansk Region 228,200 150 0.1
Lviv Region 428,200 1,280 0.3
Mykolaiv Region 37,400 – <0.1
Odesa Region 90,200 80 0.1
Poltava Region 157,300 2,220 1.4
Rivne Region 584,200 200 <0.1
Sumy Region 255,600 4,240 1.7
Ternopil Region 143,600 460 0.3
Transcarpathian Region 461,200 20 <0.1
Vinnytsia Region 199,700 580 0.3
Volyn Region 436,800 100 <0.1
Zaporizhzhia Region 34,000 10 <0.1
Zhytomyr Region 660,300 450 0.1
Total Ukraine 6,282,200 20,430 0.3

Percentage of oak-lime stands in the total area of oak forests

Administrative regions Area of oak stands [ha] Area of oak- lime stands [ha] Percentage of oak-lime stands
Cherkasy Region 117,690 59,860 50.9
Chernihiv Region 54,560 11,740 21.5
Kharkiv Region 150,800 52,310 34.7
Kyiv Region 64,380 14,440 22.4
Poltava Region 55,780 24,910 44.7
Sumy Region 95,500 46,520 48.7
Total 538,710 209,780 38.9

Distribution of the area of oak stands with different proportions of lime in their composition (numerator – ha, denominator – % of the area)

Origin of small-leafed lime (Tilia cordata) stands Unit Lime proportion in oak stands
10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% total
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Cherkasy Region
Vegetative ha 14,894 11,734 3,285 731 155 60 30,860
% 48.3 38.0 10.6 2.4 0.5 0.2 100
Natural seed ha 8,503 6,205 1,848 506 101 10 17,172
% 49.5 36.1 10.8 2.9 0.6 0.1 100
Planted seed ha 4,078 4,126 1,959 963 488 214 11,828
% 34.5 34.9 16.6 8.1 4.1 1.8 100
Total ha 27,474 22,065 7,092 2,201 744 284 59,860
% 45.9 36.9 11.8 3.7 1.2 0.5 100

Distribution of lime stands by origin within the study area

Administrative regions Origin of small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata) stands Total small-leaved lime
vegetative natural seed planted seed (Tilia cordata) stands
ha % ha % ha % ha %
Cherkasy Region 1,129 42.4 265 10.0 1,266 47.6 2,660 100
Chernihiv Region 1,405 83.6 136 8.1 139 8.3 1,680 100
Kharkiv Region 1,305 78.6 38 2.3 317 19.1 1,660 100
Kyiv Region 574 49.9 210 18.3 366 31.8 1,150 100
Poltava Region 1,784 80.4 29 1.3 407 18.3 2,220 100
Sumy Region 2,847 67.1 609 14.4 784 18.5 4,240 100
Total 9,044 66.5 1,287 9.5 3,279 24.0 13,610 100

Natural regeneration aged below 15 years under the canopy of oak stands of different ages, compositions and relative densities of stocking

Sample plot number Characteristics of oak stands The number of naturally regenerated seedlings
total [trees ha-1] including small-leaved lime
stand composition [years] age density relative of stocking trees [ha-1] %
Oak stands aged 50–100 years
1 Oak 50%, ash 30%, N-maple 10%, lime 10% 50 0.85 4,300 200 4.7
2 Oak 40%, ash 30%, N-maple 20%, lime 10% 60 0.65 8,300 200 2.4
3 Oak 50%, ash 30%, lime 10%, N-maple 10% 70 0.60 14,600 400 2.7
4 Oak 80%, ash 10%, lime 10% 70 0.60 14,800 400 2.7
5 Oak 70%, lime 30% 79 0.80 6,500 500 7.7
6 Oak 90%, lime 10% 92 0.62 12,900 200 1.6
7 Oak 60%, lime 20%, ash 10%, N-maple 10% 99 0.83 11,600 500 4.3
Mean 74 0.71 10,400 300 3.7
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