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First report of Apiognomonia errabunda on Quercus ilex in Algeria


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Figure 1

Map depicting the study sites situated in Belezma National Park: BRG: Bordjem, TUG: Tougurt, CHL: Chelaâlaâ, AAL: Ain Ali
Map depicting the study sites situated in Belezma National Park: BRG: Bordjem, TUG: Tougurt, CHL: Chelaâlaâ, AAL: Ain Ali

Figure 2

Leaves of Q. ilex showing characteristic brown-necrosis caused by D. quercina
Leaves of Q. ilex showing characteristic brown-necrosis caused by D. quercina

Figure 3

Apiognomonia errabunda cultures on MEA medium. (A) AECS3 isolated from Chelaâlaâ. (B) AETS2 isolated from Tougurt. (C) AEBS5 isolated from Brdjem. (D) AEAN6 isolated from Ain Ali
Apiognomonia errabunda cultures on MEA medium. (A) AECS3 isolated from Chelaâlaâ. (B) AETS2 isolated from Tougurt. (C) AEBS5 isolated from Brdjem. (D) AEAN6 isolated from Ain Ali

Figure 4

Phylogenetic tree (rDNA ITS) of A. errabunda including the two isolates from Q. ilex in Belezma National Park. Dendrogram was elaborated implying the Neighbor-Joining method based on the Jukes-Cantor model. The bootstrap tree inferred from 1000 replicates (The optimal tree with the sum of branch length = 0.62132144). Two accessions of Ophiostoma novo-ulmi were considered in this tree as out-group taxa
Phylogenetic tree (rDNA ITS) of A. errabunda including the two isolates from Q. ilex in Belezma National Park. Dendrogram was elaborated implying the Neighbor-Joining method based on the Jukes-Cantor model. The bootstrap tree inferred from 1000 replicates (The optimal tree with the sum of branch length = 0.62132144). Two accessions of Ophiostoma novo-ulmi were considered in this tree as out-group taxa

Severity (%) variation of Q. ilex anthracnose according to leaf position on twigs

Bordjem Tougurt Chelaâlaâ Ain Ali
NAP 20.02 ± 0.22b 32.93 ± 0.21a 21.55 ± 0.23a 14.08 ± 0.28a
AP 25.43 ± 0.63a 36.34 ± 0.22a 22.43 ± 0.25a 13.07 ± 0.33a
P 0.0193 0.1347 0.6597 0.6916

Cultural characteristics of the 35 D. quercina isolates on MEA medium

Site Isolates Morphotype Sporulation Acervuli (Diam mm) CUps CLws Shape ConidiaL (μm) ConidiaW (μm)
Bordjem DQBS1 M1 S 37.00 LB LB Circular 9.00 5.00
DQBS2 M1 S 39.33 LB LB Circular 11.00 3.00
DQBS3 M1 S 47.00 LB LB Circular 9.00 3.00
DQBS4 M1 S 41.67 LB LB Circular 10.00 4.00
DQBS5 M3 S 41.00 LB LB Circular 9.00 3.00
DQBS6 M5 S 40.00 LB LB Circular 6.00 4.00
DQBN1 M5 NS 40.67 LB LB Circular n/a n/a
Tougurt DQTS1 M1 S 45.67 LB LB Circular 7.00 3.00
DQTS2 M1 S 43.33 BG LG Circular 8.00 3.00
DQTS3 M1 S 41.67 BG LG Circular 6.00 3.00
DQTN1 M1 NS 39.67 LB LB Circular n/a n/a
DQTS4 DQTN2 M2 M2 S S – – 45.33 44.00 LB LB LB LB Circular Circular 8.00 7.00 5.00 3.00
DQTS5 M2 S 46.67 LB LB Circular 8.00 2.00
DQTN3 M3 S 40.00 LB LB Circular 8.00 4.00
DQTN4 M3 NS 41.67 LB LB Circular n/a n/a
DQTS6 M5 S 47.67 LB LBCC Circular 9.00 3.00
Chelaâlaâ DQCN1 M1 NS 41.33 BG LG Circular n/a n/a
DQCS1 M3 S + 43.67 LB LB Circular 7.00 4.00
DQCS2 DQCS3 M4 M5 S S – – 43.67 43.33 LB BG LB LG Circular Circular 9.00 8.00 3.00 4.00
DQCS4 M5 S 42.67 LB LB Circular 9.00 3.00
DQCS5 M5 S 39.00 LB LB Circular 9.00 4.00
Ain Ali DQAN1 M1 S 33.00 LB LB Circular 11.00 3.00
DQAN2 M1 S 42.33 LB LB Circular 11.00 4.00
DQAN3 M4 S + 43.33 LB LB Circular 9.00 3.00
DQAS1 M1 S 35.33 LB LB Circular 8.00 4.00
DQAS2 M1 S 45.67 LB LBCC Circular 8.00 3.00
DQAS3 DQAN4 M1 M1 S NS – – 41.00 41.33 LB LB LB LB Circular Circular 9.00 n/a 4.00 n/a
DQAN5 M1 S + 49.67 BG LG Circular 6.00 3.00
DQAS4 M2 S + 50.00 BG LG Circular 7.00 3.00
DQAN6 M2 NS 46.00 LB LB Circular n/a n/a
DQAS5 M3 S 40.00 LB LB Circular 7.00 3.00
DQAS6 M3 S 50.67 LB LB Circular 7.00 4.00

Mean severity (%) calculated for each sites according to digital image analyses of Q. ilex leaves affected by anthracnose

Sites Number of sampled trees Number of sampled leaves Severity (%) Severity index Horsfall-Barratt Scale
Bordjem 10 374 21.85 ± 0.18 b 0.10 3.99 ± 0.18
Tougurt 10 350 34.52 ± 0.15a 0.13 4.76 ± 0.15
Chelaâlaâ 10 396 21.96 ± 0.17b 0.11 4.01 ± 0.17
Ain Ali 10 319 13.66 ± 0.22c 0.03 3.03 ± 0.22

Variability of anthracnose severity (%) on leaves of Q. ilex according to the orientation of twigs

Twig orientation Bordjem Tougurt Chelaâlaâ Ain Ali
East 20.61 ± 0.39ab 31.56 ± 0.32b 21.51 ± 0.35ab 12.63 ± 0.38b
West 18.35 ± 0.40b 26.80 ± 0.34b 17.53 ± 0.38b 9.79 ± 0.38b
North 20.53 ± 0.34ab 26.64 ± 0.34b 19.36 ± 0.64b 13.87 ± 0.51ab
South 25.79 ± 0.31a 43.87 ± 0.24a 26.08 ± 0.28a 21.60 ± 0.48a
P 0.0773 <0.0001 0.0075 0.0093
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Temas de la revista:
Life Sciences, Plant Science, Medicine, Veterinary Medicine