Prevalence and Comparative Analyses of Mental Health Outcomes Among Medical and Non-Medical Practitioners During the Third Wave of Covid-19 Pandemic in Nigeria

Abdulah, D. M. & Musa, D. H. (2020). Insomnia and stress of physicians during COVID-19 Outbreak. Sleep Medicine, 2, 100017. doi:10.1016/j.sleepx. Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Bastien, C. H., Vallières, A., & Morin, C. M. (2001). Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research. Sleep Medicine, 2(4), 297–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1389-9457(00)00065-4 Search in Google Scholar

Ballesio, A., Lombardo, C. Lucidi, F. & Violani, C. (2020). Caring for the carers: Advice for dealing with sleep problems of hospital staff during the COVID-19 outbreak. Journal of Sleep Research, e13096. Doi: 10.1111/jsr.13096.730054732515084 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Badru, O. A., Oloko, K. O., Hassan, A. O., Yusuf, O. B., Abdur-Razaq, U. A., & Yakub, S. (2021). Prevalence and correlates of psychological distress amongst healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: An online survey. South African Journal of Psychiatry, 27(1), 1-7.10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v27i0.1617833575634394976 Search in Google Scholar

Chen, C. S., Wu, P. & Yang, C. F. (2005). Psychological distress of nurses in Taiwan who worked during the outbreak of SARS. Psychiatric Services, 56 (1), 76–79. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.56.1.7615637196 Search in Google Scholar

Chen, B., Li, Q. X., Zhang, H., Zhu, J. Y., Yang, X., Wu, Y. H., ... & Chen, Z. T. (2020). The psychological impact of COVID-19 outbreak on medical staff and the general public. Current Psychology, 1-9.10.1007/s12144-020-01109-0753974933046955 Search in Google Scholar

De Sousa, A. Mohandas, E. & Aved, A. (2020). Psychological interventions during COVID-19: challenges for low- and middle-income countries. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51, 102128.10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102128719504232380441 Search in Google Scholar

Fang, X., Zhang, J., Teng, C., Zhao, K., Su, K. P., Wang, Z., ... & Zhang, C. (2020). Depressive symptoms in the front-line non-medical workers during the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan. Journal of affective disorders, 276, 441-445.10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.078736508032871675 Search in Google Scholar

Fournier, A., Laurent, A., Lheureux, F., Ribeiro-Marthoud, M. A., Ecarnot, F., Binquet, C., & Quenot, J. P. (2022). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of professionals in 77 hospitals in France. PloS one, 17(2), e0263666.10.1371/journal.pone.0263666884948235171915 Search in Google Scholar

HO, C. S. Chee, C. Y. & Ho, R. C. (2020). Mental health strategies to combat the psychological impact of COVID-19 beyond paranoia and panic. Annals of Academic Medicine Singapore, 49(1), 1.10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.202043 Search in Google Scholar

Ji, D., Ji, Y., Duan, X., Li, W., Sun, Z., Song, Y., Meng, H., Tang, F., Chu, X., Niu, G., Chen, J., Li, J. & Duan, H. (2017). Prevalence of psychological symptoms among Ebola survivors and healthcare workers during the 2014–2015 Ebola outbreak in Sierra Leone: a cross-sectional study. Oncotarget, 8(8), 12784-12791. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.14498535505428061463 Search in Google Scholar

Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L. & Williams, J. B. W. (2001). The PHQ-9. Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16(9), 606-613. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x149526811556941 Search in Google Scholar

International standard classification of occupations. (n.d). Classification of health workforce statistics, World Health Organization. www.who.int/hrh/statistics/workforce_statistics. Search in Google Scholar

Lai, J. Ma, S. Y. & Wang, Y. (2020). Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Network Open, 3(3), e203976. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976709084332202646 Search in Google Scholar

Levin, J. (2019). Mental Health Care for Survivors and Healthcare Workers in the Aftermath of an Outbreak. In: D. Huremović (eds), Psychiatry of Pandemics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15346-5_11. Search in Google Scholar

Li, W., Yang, Y., Liu, Z-H., Zhao, Y-J., Zhang, Q. & Zhang, L. (2020). Progression of mental health services during the COVID-19 outbreak in China. International Journal of Biological Science, 16(10): 1732–1738.10.7150/ijbs.45120 Search in Google Scholar

Maciaszek, J., Ciulkowicz, M., Misiak, B., Szczesniak, D., Luc, D., Wieczorek, T., ... & Rymaszewska, J. (2020). Mental health of medical and non-medical professionals during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional nationwide study. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(8), 2527.10.3390/jcm9082527746359732764509 Search in Google Scholar

Okoloba, M. M., Ogueji, I. A., Darroch, S. J., & Ogu, A. M. (2020). A Multinational Pilot Study on the Lived Experiences and Mental Health Impacts from the COVID-19 Pandemic. Global Psychiatry, 000010247820200015, 2451-4950. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/gp-2020-0015 Search in Google Scholar

Qiu, D., Yu, Y., Li, R-Q., Li, Y-L. & Xia, S-Y. (2020). Prevalence of sleep disturbances in Chinese healthcare professionals: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Medicine, 67, 258-66.10.1016/j.sleep.2019.01.04731040078 Search in Google Scholar

Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B. W., & Lowe, B. (2006). A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166, 1092-1097. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.166.10.109216717171 Search in Google Scholar

Su, T.P. Lien, T. C., Yang, C.Y., Su, Y.L., Wang, J.H., Tsai, S.L., & Yin, J.C. (2020). Prevalence of psychiatric morbidity and psychological adaptation of the nurses in a structured SARS caring unit during outbreak: A prospective and periodic assessment study in Taiwan. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 41(1), 119–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2005.12.006.709442416460760 Search in Google Scholar

Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S. & Ho, R. C. (2020). Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5), 1729. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729.708495232155789 Search in Google Scholar

Weiss, D.S. (2007). The Impact of Event Scale: Revised. In J.P. Wilson, C.S. Tang (Eds.), Cross-cultural assessment of psychological trauma and PTSD, New York, Springer, 219-238.10.1007/978-0-387-70990-1_10 Search in Google Scholar

World Health Organization. (2020a). Mental health and COVID-19. http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19/novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov-technical-guidance/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-outbreak-technical-guidance-europe/mental-health-and-covid-19. (Accessed 30 March 2021) Search in Google Scholar

World Health Organization. (2020b). Occupational Health: Health worker occupational health. https://www.who.int/occupational_health/topics/hcworkers/en/ (Accessed 28 June 2021). Search in Google Scholar

World Health Organization. (2020c). Mental Health: A Call for Action by World Health Ministers. Geneva, World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/mental_health/advocacy/en/Call_for_Action_MoH_Intro.pdf. Search in Google Scholar

Xie, L., Luo, H., Li, M., Ge, W., Xing, B., & Miao, Q. (2020). The immediate psychological effects of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on medical and non-medical students in China. International Journal of Public Health, 65(8), 1445-1453.10.1007/s00038-020-01475-3748237332910208 Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, C., Yang, L., Liu, S., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Du, H., Li, R., Kang, L., Su, M., Zhang, J., Liu, Z. & Zhang, B. (2020). Survey of insomnia and related social psychological factors among medical staff involved with the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak, Frontiers Psychiatry, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00306717104832346373 Search in Google Scholar