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Synthesis, Characterization, and Optimization of Green Silver Nanoparticles Using Neopestalotiopsis clavispora and Evaluation of Its Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, and Genotoxic Effects

Tuğba Kahraman
Tuğba Kahraman
, 
Safiye Elif Korcan
Safiye Elif Korcan
, 
Recep Liman
Recep Liman
, 
İbrahim Hakkı Ciğerci
İbrahim Hakkı Ciğerci
, 
Yaser Acikbas
Yaser Acikbas
, 
Muhsin Konuk
Muhsin Konuk
 y 
Gülderen Uysal Akkuş
Gülderen Uysal Akkuş
   | 24 jul 2021
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Article Category: Research Article - Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
Publicado en línea: 24 jul 2021
Páginas: 109 - 122
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ebtj-2021-0020
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© 2021 Tuğba Kahraman, Safiye Elif Korcan, Recep Liman, İbrahim Hakkı Ciğerci, Yaser Acikbas, Muhsin Konuk, Gülderen Uysal Akkuş, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Isolation and identification of N. clavispora A: PDA was used for fungus isolation from decaying wood samples. B: Morphology of the fungus at CDA (B1: Upperside, B2: Reverse side) C: Morphology of the fungus at MEA (C1: Upperside, C2: reverse side), D; Amplification ITS profiles of N. clavispora at agarose gel electrophoresis.
Isolation and identification of N. clavispora A: PDA was used for fungus isolation from decaying wood samples. B: Morphology of the fungus at CDA (B1: Upperside, B2: Reverse side) C: Morphology of the fungus at MEA (C1: Upperside, C2: reverse side), D; Amplification ITS profiles of N. clavispora at agarose gel electrophoresis.

Figure 2

UV–Vis spectroscopy of AgNPs synthesized using CFF.
UV–Vis spectroscopy of AgNPs synthesized using CFF.

Figure 3

Effect of pH (A), temperature (B), substrate concentration (C), and exposure periods (D) on the substrate on the stability of AgNPs synthesis.
Effect of pH (A), temperature (B), substrate concentration (C), and exposure periods (D) on the substrate on the stability of AgNPs synthesis.

Figure 4

FTIR spectrum of green synthesized AgNPs
FTIR spectrum of green synthesized AgNPs

Figure 5

TEM images of AgNPs for scale bar of a) 50 nm b) 100 nm.
TEM images of AgNPs for scale bar of a) 50 nm b) 100 nm.

Genotoxic evaluation of AgNO3 and AgNPs using SMART assay

Treatments Number of Wings (N) Small uniform clones (1-2 cells) (m=2) Large uniform clones (> 2 cells) (m=5) Twin clones (m=5) Total mwh clones (m=2) Total clones (m=2)
No. Fr. D. No. Fr. D. No. Fr. D. No. Fr. D. No. Fr. D.
Normal Wing
Distilled Water 80 12 (0.16) 2 (0.02) 0 (0.00) 13 (0.19) 14 (0.19) 0.76
1 EMS mM 31 69 (2.21) + 27 (0.83) + 9 (0.27) + 105 (3.31) + 104 (3.40) + 5.38
AgNO3 (ppm)
0.1 80 15 (0.16) i 5 (0.06) i 0 (0.00) i 20 (0.25) i 20 (0.25) i 1.02
1 80 9 (0.07) - 2 (0.02) i 0 (0.00) - 8 (0.10) - 1 (0.10) - 0.41
10 80 5 (0.01) - 2 (0.02) i 0 (0.00) - 3 (0.03) - 7 (0.03) - 0.15
AgNPs (ppm)
0.1 80 15 (0.16) i 5 (0.06) i 0 (0.00) i 20 (0.25) i 20 (0.25) i 1.02
1 80 6 (0.05) - 2 (0.02) i 0 (0.00) - 8 (0.8) - 8 (0.8) - 0.39
10 80 4 (0.01) - 2 (0.02) i 0 (0.00) - 3 (0.03) - 6 (0.03) - 0.15

Antimicrobial activity of CFF, AgNO3, and AgNPs.

Agents Diameter zone (mm) ± Standard Deviation
S. aureus ATCC 25923 P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 E. coli ATCCC 25922 B. subtilis
Vancomycin (30 μg) 21±2 8.67±0.58 25±1 2±1.73
Penicillin (10 μg) 41±3 Not determined 33.67±0.58 30.67±2.08
Chloramphenicol (30 μg) 26.67±0.58 16±1.73 30.33±1.53 36±1.73
Erythromycin (15 μg) 30.33±2.08 9±1 26.67±1.53 29±1
Tetracycline (30 μg) 30.33±2.52 14.67±0.58 11.67±0.58 16±2
Cell-Free Filtrate 0 0 0 0
Ag NO3 2,5 mM 18.33±1.53 13±1 14.33±1.15 16.33±1.53
AgNPs 10 ppm 10±1.73 12.33±1.53 12.33±1.53 17± 1
1 ppm 9±1 1±1.73 0 16.33± 2.08
0.1 ppm 0 0 0 8.33±0.58

Biofilm inhibition (%) of AgNPs against P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853

AgNPs
Inhibition % (n=3) 10 ppm 1 ppm 0.1 ppm
81.13 67.63 40.28
76.25 65.45 45.11
80.62 63.32 40.43
Average biofilm inhibition (%) ± Standard Deviation 79.33±2.68 65.47±2.16 41.94±2.75
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