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Evidence of Improvements to Arterial Stiffness Among Regular Users of Combustible Cigarettes – Effect of Inhalation of β-Caryophyllene: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

Kazuya Yamada

Kazuya Yamada

Sunsho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.Fuji City, Japan
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Yamada, Kazuya
, 
Yoshiharu Matahira

Yoshiharu Matahira

Sunsho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.Fuji City, Japan
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Matahira, Yoshiharu
, 
Nagisa Takuwa

Nagisa Takuwa

INABATA KORYO, Co., Ltd.Osaka City, Japan
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Takuwa, Nagisa
, 
Yuri Yoshioka

Yuri Yoshioka

INABATA KORYO, Co., Ltd.Osaka City, Japan
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Yoshioka, Yuri
, 
Shin-ichi Matsumura

Shin-ichi Matsumura

INABATA KORYO, Co., Ltd.Osaka City, Japan
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Matsumura, Shin-ichi
, 
Mayo Higashihara

Mayo Higashihara

Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Kindai UniversityNara City, Japan
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Higashihara, Mayo
, 
Nobuhiro Zaima

Nobuhiro Zaima

  • Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Kindai UniversityNara City, Japan
  • Agricultural Technology and Innovation Research Institute, Kindai UniversityJapan
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Zaima, Nobuhiro
 y 
Naoki Unno

Naoki Unno

Division of Vascular Surgery, Hamamatsu Medical CenterHamamatsu City, Shizuoka, Japan
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Unno, Naoki
  
22 jul 2025
Evidence of Improvements to Arterial Stiffness Among Regular Users of Combustible Cigarettes – Effect of Inhalation of β-Caryophyllene: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study's Cover Image
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Publicado en línea: 22 jul 2025
Páginas: 107 - 116
Recibido: 22 nov 2024
Aceptado: 28 abr 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2025-0011
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© 2025 Kazuya Yamada et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Figure 1.

Flowchart of participant recruitment.
Flowchart of participant recruitment.

Figure 2.

Changes in BCP (a) and nicotine (b) blood concentrations in the placebo and BCP groups before and 10, 20, and 40 min after smoking a capsule-containing cigarette. Error bars represent the standard deviation. BCP = β-caryophyllene.
Changes in BCP (a) and nicotine (b) blood concentrations in the placebo and BCP groups before and 10, 20, and 40 min after smoking a capsule-containing cigarette. Error bars represent the standard deviation. BCP = β-caryophyllene.

Figure 3.

Changes in baPWV from day 0. (a) All participants. (b) Stratified analysis of participants with baPWV < 1,400 cm/s on day 0. (c) Stratified analysis of participants with baPWV ≥ 1,400 cm/s on day 0. Error bars represent standard deviations. *P < 0.05, within-group comparison vs. day 0; †P < 0.05: between-group comparison; baPWV: brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity; BCP: β-caryophyllene.
Changes in baPWV from day 0. (a) All participants. (b) Stratified analysis of participants with baPWV < 1,400 cm/s on day 0. (c) Stratified analysis of participants with baPWV ≥ 1,400 cm/s on day 0. Error bars represent standard deviations. *P < 0.05, within-group comparison vs. day 0; †P < 0.05: between-group comparison; baPWV: brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity; BCP: β-caryophyllene.

Figure 4.

Correlations between baPWV on day 0 and the 12-week change in baPWV in the BCP (a) and placebo (b) groups. baPWV: brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity; BCP: β-caryophyllene.
Correlations between baPWV on day 0 and the 12-week change in baPWV in the BCP (a) and placebo (b) groups. baPWV: brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity; BCP: β-caryophyllene.
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Conocimientos generales, Ciencias de la vida, Ciencias de la vida, otros, Física, Física, otros
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