This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
World Health Organization (WHO): WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic: Warning About the Dangers of Tobacco; 2011, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/44616 (accessed August, 2023)World Health Organization (WHO)WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic: Warning About the Dangers of Tobacco2011WHOGeneva, SwitzerlandAvailable at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/44616 (accessed August, 2023)Search in Google Scholar
World Health Organization (WHO): Global Progress Report on the Implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control; 2012, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/79170 (accessed August, 2023)World Health Organization (WHO)Global Progress Report on the Implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control2012WHOGeneva, SwitzerlandAvailable at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/79170 (accessed August, 2023)Search in Google Scholar
World Health Organization (WHO): WHO Global Report on Trends in Prevalence of Tobacco Smoking 2015; 2015, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/156262 (accessed August, 2023)World Health Organization (WHO)WHO Global Report on Trends in Prevalence of Tobacco Smoking 20152015WHOGeneva, SwitzerlandAvailable at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/156262 (accessed August, 2023)Search in Google Scholar
Wiium, N., L. Aarø, and J. Hetland: Subjective Attractiveness and Perceived Trendiness in Smoking and Snus Use: A Study Among Young Norwegians; Health Educ. Res. 24 (2009) 162–172. DOI: 10.1093/her/cyn047WiiumN.AarøL.HetlandJ.Subjective Attractiveness and Perceived Trendiness in Smoking and Snus Use: A Study Among Young NorwegiansHealth Educ. Res.24200916217210.1093/her/cyn047Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Jo, C.L., J.W. Ayers, B.M. Althouse, S. Emery, J. Huang, and K.M. Ribisl: US Consumer Interest in Non-Cigarette Tobacco Products Spikes Around the 2009 Federal Tobacco Tax Increase; Tob. Control 4 (2015) 395–399. DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051261JoC.L.AyersJ.W.AlthouseB.M.EmeryS.HuangJ.RibislK.M.US Consumer Interest in Non-Cigarette Tobacco Products Spikes Around the 2009 Federal Tobacco Tax IncreaseTob. Control4201539539910.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051261Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Gravely, S., P. Driezen, J. Ouimet, A.C.K. Quah, K.M. Cummings, M.E. Thompson, C. Boudreau, D. Hammond, A. McNeill, R. Borland, J. F. Thrasher, R. Edwards, M. Omar, S.C. Hitchman, H.-H. Yong, T. Barrientos-Gutierrez, M.C. Willemsen, E. Bianco, M. Boado, F.M. Goma, H. Gwan Seo, N. Nargis, Y. Jiang, C. De Abreu Perez, and G.T. Fong: Prevalence of Awareness, Ever-Use and Current Use of Nicotine Vaping Products (NVPs) Among Adult Current Smokers and Ex-Smokers in 14 Countries with Differing Regulations on Sales and Marketing of NVPs: Cross-Sectional Findings from the ITC Project; Addiction 6 (2019) 1060–1073. DOI: 10.1111/add.14558GravelyS.DriezenP.OuimetJ.QuahA.C.K.CummingsK.M.ThompsonM.E.BoudreauC.HammondD.McNeillA.BorlandR.ThrasherJ. F.EdwardsR.OmarM.HitchmanS.C.YongH.-H.Barrientos-GutierrezT.WillemsenM.C.BiancoE.BoadoM.GomaF.M.Gwan SeoH.NargisN.JiangY.De Abreu PerezC.FongG.T.Prevalence of Awareness, Ever-Use and Current Use of Nicotine Vaping Products (NVPs) Among Adult Current Smokers and Ex-Smokers in 14 Countries with Differing Regulations on Sales and Marketing of NVPs: Cross-Sectional Findings from the ITC ProjectAddiction620191060107310.1111/add.14558Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Raitasalo, K., E.K. Bye, C. Pisinger, J. Scheffels, R. Tokle, J.M. Kinnunen, H. Ollila, and A. Rimpelä: Single, Dual, and Triple Use of Cigarettes, E-Cigarettes, and Snus Among Adolescents in the Nordic Countries; Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2 (2022) 683. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020683RaitasaloK.ByeE.K.PisingerC.ScheffelsJ.TokleR.KinnunenJ.M.OllilaH.RimpeläA.Single, Dual, and Triple Use of Cigarettes, E-Cigarettes, and Snus Among Adolescents in the Nordic CountriesInt. J. Environ. Res. Public Health2202268310.3390/ijerph19020683Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Bombard, J.M., L.L. Pederson, D.E. Nelson and A.M. Malarcher: Are Smokers Only Using Cigarettes? Exploring Current Polytobacco Use Among an Adult Population; Addict. Behav. 32 (2007) 2411–2419. DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2007.04.001BombardJ.M.PedersonL.L.NelsonD.E.MalarcherA.M.Are Smokers Only Using Cigarettes? Exploring Current Polytobacco Use Among an Adult PopulationAddict. Behav.3220072411241910.1016/j.addbeh.2007.04.001Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Bombard, J.M, V.J. Rock, L.L Pederson, and K.J. Asman: Monitoring Polytobacco use among adolescents: Do cigarette smokers use other forms of tobacco?; Nicotine Tob. Res. 10 (2008) 1581–1589. DOI: 10.1080/14622200802412887BombardJ.MRockV.J.PedersonL.LAsmanK.J.Monitoring Polytobacco use among adolescents: Do cigarette smokers use other forms of tobacco?Nicotine Tob. Res.1020081581158910.1080/14622200802412887Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Lund K.E. and A. McNeill: Patterns of Dual Use of Snus and Cigarettes in a Mature Snus Market; Nicotine Tob. Res. 15 (2013) 678–684. DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nts185LundK.E.McNeillA.Patterns of Dual Use of Snus and Cigarettes in a Mature Snus MarketNicotine Tob. Res.15201367868410.1093/ntr/nts185Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Hamari, A. K., T.I. Toljamo, V. L. Kinnula and P.A. Nieminen: Dual Use of Cigarettes and Swedish Snuff (Snus) Among Young Adults in Northern Finland; Eur. J. Public Health 23 (2013) 768–771. DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cks131HamariA. K.ToljamoT.I.KinnulaV. L.NieminenP.A.Dual Use of Cigarettes and Swedish Snuff (Snus) Among Young Adults in Northern FinlandEur. J. Public Health23201376877110.1093/eurpub/cks131Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Rubenstein, D., L.R. Pacek, F.J. McClernon: Multiple Tobacco Product Use Conceptual Framework: A 2021 Update on Evidence; Nicotine Tob. Res. 8 (2022) 1208–1217. DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntac032RubensteinD.PacekL.R.McClernonF.J.Multiple Tobacco Product Use Conceptual Framework: A 2021 Update on EvidenceNicotine Tob. Res.820221208121710.1093/ntr/ntac032Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Leon, M.E., A. Lugo, P. Boffetta, A. Gilmore, H. Ross, J. Schüz, C. La Vecchia, and S. Gallus: Smokeless Tobacco Use in Sweden and Other 17 European Countries; Eur. J. Public Health 26 (2016) 817–821. DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw032LeonM.E.LugoA.BoffettaP.GilmoreA.RossH.SchüzJ.La VecchiaC.GallusS.Smokeless Tobacco Use in Sweden and Other 17 European CountriesEur. J. Public Health26201681782110.1093/eurpub/ckw032Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Engström, K., C. Magnusson, and M.R. Galanti: Socio-Demographic, Lifestyle and Health Characteristics Among Snus Users and Dual Tobacco Users in Stockholm County, Sweden; BMC Public Health 10 (2010) 619. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-619EngströmK.MagnussonC.GalantiM.R.Socio-Demographic, Lifestyle and Health Characteristics Among Snus Users and Dual Tobacco Users in Stockholm County, SwedenBMC Public Health10201061910.1186/1471-2458-10-619Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Tomar, S.L., H.R. Alpert, and G.N. Connolly: Patterns of Dual Use of Cigarettes and Smokeless Tobacco Among US Males: Findings from National Surveys; Tob. Control 19 (2010) 104–109. DOI: 10.1136/tc.2009.031070TomarS.L.AlpertH.R.ConnollyG.N.Patterns of Dual Use of Cigarettes and Smokeless Tobacco Among US Males: Findings from National SurveysTob. Control19201010410910.1136/tc.2009.031070Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Choi, K. and J. Forster: Awareness, Perceptions and Use of Snus Among Young Adults From the Upper Midwest Region of the USA; Tob. Control 22 (2013) 412–417. DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050383ChoiK.ForsterJ.Awareness, Perceptions and Use of Snus Among Young Adults From the Upper Midwest Region of the USATob. Control22201341241710.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050383Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Lund, M., K.E. Lund, and T. Halkjelsvik: Contrasting Smokers’ and Snus Users’ Perceptions of Personal Tobacco Behavior in Norway; Nicotine Tob. Res. 16 (2014) 1577–1585. DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntu109LundM.LundK.E.HalkjelsvikT.Contrasting Smokers’ and Snus Users’ Perceptions of Personal Tobacco Behavior in NorwayNicotine Tob. Res.1620141577158510.1093/ntr/ntu109Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Mays, D., R.A. Arrazola, C. Tworek, I.V. Rolle, L.J. Neff, and D.B. Portnoy: Openness to Using Non-Cigarette Tobacco Products Among U.S. Young Adults; Am. J. Prev. Med. 50 (2016) 528–534. DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.08.015MaysD.ArrazolaR.A.TworekC.RolleI.V.NeffL.J.PortnoyD.B.Openness to Using Non-Cigarette Tobacco Products Among U.S. Young AdultsAm. J. Prev. Med.50201652853410.1016/j.amepre.2015.08.015Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Fagerström, K.O. and E.-B. Schildt: Should the European Union Lift the Ban on Snus? Evidence from the Swedish Experience; Addiction 98 (2003) 1191–1195. DOI: 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2003.00442.xFagerströmK.O.SchildtE.-B.Should the European Union Lift the Ban on Snus? Evidence from the Swedish ExperienceAddiction9820031191119510.1046/j.1360-0443.2003.00442.xOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar
Ramström, L.M. and J. Foulds: Role of Snus in Initiation and Cessation of Tobacco Smoking in Sweden; Tob. Control 15 (2006) 210–214. DOI: 10.1136/tc.2005.014969RamströmL.M.FouldsJ.Role of Snus in Initiation and Cessation of Tobacco Smoking in SwedenTob. Control15200621021410.1136/tc.2005.014969Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Piano, M.R., N.L. Benowitz, G.A. Fitzgerald, S. Corbridge, J. Heath, E. Hahn, T.F. Pechacek, and G. Howard: Impact of Smokeless Tobacco Products on Cardiovascular Disease: Implications for Policy, Prevention, and Treatment: A Policy Statement from the American Heart Association; Circulation 122 (2010) 1520–1544. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0b013e3181f432c3PianoM.R.BenowitzN.L.FitzgeraldG.A.CorbridgeS.HeathJ.HahnE.PechacekT.F.HowardG.Impact of Smokeless Tobacco Products on Cardiovascular Disease: Implications for Policy, Prevention, and Treatment: A Policy Statement from the American Heart AssociationCirculation12220101520154410.1161/CIR.0b013e3181f432c3Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Higgins, S.T., R. Redner, J.S. Priest, and J.Y. Bunn: Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Other Risk Factors for Using Higher-Nicotine/Tar-Yield (Regular Full-Flavor) Cigarettes; Nicotine Tob. Res. 19 (2017) 1425–1433. DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntw201HigginsS.T.RednerR.PriestJ.S.BunnJ.Y.Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Other Risk Factors for Using Higher-Nicotine/Tar-Yield (Regular Full-Flavor) CigarettesNicotine Tob. Res.1920171425143310.1093/ntr/ntw201Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Huisman, M., A.E. Kunst, and J.P. Mackenbach: Educational Inequalities in Smoking Among Men and Women Aged 16 Years and Older in 11 European Countries; Tob. Control 14 (2005) 106–113. DOI: 10.1136/tc.2004.008573HuismanM.KunstA.E.MackenbachJ.P.Educational Inequalities in Smoking Among Men and Women Aged 16 Years and Older in 11 European CountriesTob. Control14200510611310.1136/tc.2004.008573Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Grotvedt, L., H. Stigum, R. Ragnhild, and S. Graff-Iversen: Social Differences in Smoking and Snuff Use Among Norwegian Adolescents: A Population Based Survey; BMC Public Health 8 (2008) 322. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-8-322GrotvedtL.StigumH.RagnhildR.Graff-IversenS.Social Differences in Smoking and Snuff Use Among Norwegian Adolescents: A Population Based SurveyBMC Public Health8200832210.1186/1471-2458-8-322Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Wang, Y., H.Y. Sung, T. Yao, J. Lightwood, and W. Max: Factors Associated with Short-Term Transitions of Non-Daily Smokers: Socio-Demographic Characteristics and Other Tobacco Product Use; Addiction 112 (2017) 864–872. DOI: 10.1111/add.13700WangY.SungH.Y.YaoT.LightwoodJ.MaxW.Factors Associated with Short-Term Transitions of Non-Daily Smokers: Socio-Demographic Characteristics and Other Tobacco Product UseAddiction112201786487210.1111/add.13700Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Abdulkader, R.S., D.N. Sinha, K. Jeyashree, R. Rath, P.C. Gupta, S. Kannan, N. Agarwal, and D. Venugopal: Trends in Tobacco Consumption in India 1987–2016: Impact of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control; Int. J. Public Health 64 (2019) 841–851. DOI: 10.1007/s00038-019-01252-xAbdulkaderR.S.SinhaD.N.JeyashreeK.RathR.GuptaP.C.KannanS.AgarwalN.VenugopalD.Trends in Tobacco Consumption in India 1987–2016: Impact of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco ControlInt. J. Public Health64201984185110.1007/s00038-019-01252-xOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar
World Health Organization (WHO): 11.2 Adult Tobacco Surveys – Smokeless Tobacco or E-Cigarettes; Web Annex VI: Global Tobacco Control Policy Data, 2021, Technical document. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-HEP-HPR-TFI-2021.11.2 (accessed August, 2023)World Health Organization (WHO)11.2 Adult Tobacco Surveys – Smokeless Tobacco or E-CigarettesWeb Annex VI: Global Tobacco Control Policy Data2021Technical document.WHOGeneva, SwitzerlandAvailable from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-HEP-HPR-TFI-2021.11.2 (accessed August, 2023)Search in Google Scholar
Solhi, M., E. Fattahi, Z.S. Manzari, P.C. Gupta, M. Kargar, P. Kasmaei, and H. Barati: The Reasons for Using Smokeless Tobacco: A Review; Iran. J. Public Health 50 (2021) 492–501. DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v50i3.5589SolhiM.FattahiE.ManzariZ.S.GuptaP.C.KargarM.KasmaeiP.BaratiH.The Reasons for Using Smokeless Tobacco: A ReviewIran. J. Public Health50202149250110.18502/ijph.v50i3.5589Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Fattahi, E., M. Solhi, Z.S. Manzari, A. Afkar, J.Y. Lebni, and A. Rastegar: Students’ Beliefs About Smokeless Tobacco Use in Chabahar City: A Qualitative Study Using Focus Groups; J. Educ. Health Promot. 10 (2021) 251. DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1487_20FattahiE.SolhiM.ManzariZ.S.AfkarA.LebniJ.Y.RastegarA.Students’ Beliefs About Smokeless Tobacco Use in Chabahar City: A Qualitative Study Using Focus GroupsJ. Educ. Health Promot.10202125110.4103/jehp.jehp_1487_20Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Solhi, M., E. Fattahi, H. Barati, M. Mohammadi, P. Kasmaei, and S. Rastaghi: Smokeless Tobacco Use in Iran: A Systematic Review; Addict. Health 12 (2020) 225–234. DOI: 10.22122/ahj.v12i3.274SolhiM.FattahiE.BaratiH.MohammadiM.KasmaeiP.RastaghiS.Smokeless Tobacco Use in Iran: A Systematic ReviewAddict. Health12202022523410.22122/ahj.v12i3.274Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Solhi, M., F. Mehrabian, S. Rastaghi, and E. Fattahi: Use of Smokeless Tobacco Among Students in the City of Chabahar: A Cross-Sectional Study; Int. J. High Risk Behav. Addiction 8 (2019) e91023. DOI: 10.5812/ijhrba.91023SolhiM.MehrabianF.RastaghiS.FattahiE.Use of Smokeless Tobacco Among Students in the City of Chabahar: A Cross-Sectional StudyInt. J. High Risk Behav. Addiction82019e9102310.5812/ijhrba.91023Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
World Health Organization (WHO): WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic 2015; Raising Taxes on Tobacco; 2015, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/178574 (accessed August, 2023)World Health Organization (WHO)WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic 2015Raising Taxes on Tobacco2015WHOGeneva, SwitzerlandAvailable at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/178574 (accessed August, 2023)Search in Google Scholar
Warren, C.W., N.R. Jones, M.P. Eriksen, and S. Asma; Patterns of Global Tobacco Use in Young People and Implications for Future Chronic Disease Burden in Adults; Lancet 367 (2006) 749–753. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68192-0WarrenC.W.JonesN.R.EriksenM.P.AsmaS.Patterns of Global Tobacco Use in Young People and Implications for Future Chronic Disease Burden in AdultsLancet367200674975310.1016/S0140-6736(06)68192-0Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
World Health Organization (WHO): Global Adult Tobacco Survey 2018, China, 2018; WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. Available at: https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/803/related-materials (accessed August, 2023)World Health Organization (WHO)Global Adult Tobacco Survey 2018, China2018WHOGeneva, SwitzerlandAvailable at: https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/803/related-materials (accessed August, 2023)Search in Google Scholar
Ebbert, J.O., C.A. Patten, and D.R. Schroeder: The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence – Smokeless Tobacco (FTND-ST); Addict. Behav. 31 (2006) 1716–1721. DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2005.12.015EbbertJ.O.PattenC.A.SchroederD.R.The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence – Smokeless Tobacco (FTND-ST)Addict. Behav.3120061716172110.1016/j.addbeh.2005.12.015Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Lund, I. and J. Scheffels: Perceptions of Relative Risk of Disease and Addiction from Cigarettes and Snus; Psych. Addict. Behav. 28 (2014) 367–375. DOI: 10.1037/a0032657LundI.ScheffelsJ.Perceptions of Relative Risk of Disease and Addiction from Cigarettes and SnusPsych. Addict. Behav.28201436737510.1037/a0032657Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
World Health Organization (WHO): WHO Study Group on Tobacco Regulation: Report on the Scientific Basis of Tobacco Product Regulation: Third Report of a WHO Study Group; WHO Technical Report Series 955; 2009, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/44213 (accessed August, 2023)World Health Organization (WHO)WHO Study Group on Tobacco Regulation: Report on the Scientific Basis of Tobacco Product Regulation: Third Report of a WHO Study Group; WHO Technical Report Series 9552009WHOGeneva, SwitzerlandAvailable at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/44213 (accessed August, 2023)Search in Google Scholar
World Health Organization (WHO): Most Recent Nationally Representative Survey Reporting Prevalence of Smokeless Tobacco Use or E-Cigarette Use Among Adults (Tobacco Control: Monitor); 2018, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. Available at: https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/gho-tobacco-control-monitor-survey-reporting-prevalence-of-smokeless-tobacco-use-or-e-cigarette-use-among-adults (accessed August, 2023)World Health Organization (WHO)Most Recent Nationally Representative Survey Reporting Prevalence of Smokeless Tobacco Use or E-Cigarette Use Among Adults (Tobacco Control: Monitor)2018WHOGeneva, SwitzerlandAvailable at: https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/gho-tobacco-control-monitor-survey-reporting-prevalence-of-smokeless-tobacco-use-or-e-cigarette-use-among-adults (accessed August, 2023)Search in Google Scholar
Knapstad, M., B. Sivertsen, A.K. Knudsen, O.R.F. Smith, L.E. Aarø, K.J. Lønning, and J.C. Skogen: Trends in Self-Reported Psychological Distress Among College and University Students from 2010 to 2018; Psychol. Med. 51 (2021) 470–478. DOI: 10.1017/S0033291719003350KnapstadM.SivertsenB.KnudsenA.K.SmithO.R.F.AarøL.E.LønningK.J.SkogenJ.C.Trends in Self-Reported Psychological Distress Among College and University Students from 2010 to 2018Psychol. Med.51202147047810.1017/S0033291719003350Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Sivertsen, B., H. Råkil, E. Munkvik, and K.J. Lønning: Cohort Profile: The SHoT-Study, a National Health and Well-Being Survey of Norwegian University Students; BMJ Open 9 (2019) e025200. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025200SivertsenB.RåkilH.MunkvikE.LønningK.J.Cohort Profile: The SHoT-Study, a National Health and Well-Being Survey of Norwegian University StudentsBMJ Open92019e02520010.1136/bmjopen-2018-025200Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Tjora, T., J.C. Skogen and B. Sivertsen: Increasing Similarities Between Young Adults’ Smoking and Snus Use in Norway: A Study of the Trends and Stages of Smoking and Snus Epidemic from 2010 to 2018; BMC Public Health 20 (2020) 1511. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09604-6TjoraT.SkogenJ.C.SivertsenB.Increasing Similarities Between Young Adults’ Smoking and Snus Use in Norway: A Study of the Trends and Stages of Smoking and Snus Epidemic from 2010 to 2018BMC Public Health202020151110.1186/s12889-020-09604-6Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Lund, I. and K.E. Lund: How Has the Availability of Snus Influenced Cigarette Smoking in Norway?; Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 11 (2014) 11705–11717. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph111111705LundI.LundK.E.How Has the Availability of Snus Influenced Cigarette Smoking in Norway?Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health112014117051171710.3390/ijerph111111705Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Rubinstein, M.L., S. Shiffman, M.A. Rait, and N.L. Benowitz: Race, Gender, and Nicotine Metabolism in Adolescent Smokers; Nicotine Tob. Res. 15 (2013) 1311–1315. DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nts272RubinsteinM.L.ShiffmanS.RaitM.A.BenowitzN.L.Race, Gender, and Nicotine Metabolism in Adolescent SmokersNicotine Tob. Res.1520131311131510.1093/ntr/nts272Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Ramström, L., R. Borland, and T. Wikmans: Patterns of Smoking and Snus Use in Sweden: Implications for Public Health; Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 13 (2016) 1110. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13111110RamströmL.BorlandR.WikmansT.Patterns of Smoking and Snus Use in Sweden: Implications for Public HealthInt. J. Environ. Res. Public Health132016111010.3390/ijerph13111110Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Lund, K.E. and A. McNeill: Patterns of Dual Use of Snus and Cigarettes in a Mature Snus Market; Nicotine Tob. Res. 15 (2013) 678–684. DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nts185LundK.E.McNeillA.Patterns of Dual Use of Snus and Cigarettes in a Mature Snus MarketNicotine Tob. Res.15201367868410.1093/ntr/nts185Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Danielsson, M., A. Lammi, S. Siitonen, J. Ollgren, L. Pylkkänen, and T. Vasankari: Alarming Development of Dual Snus and Cigarette Usage Among Young Finnish Males; BMC Public Health 19 (2019) 1249. DOI:10.1186/s12889-019-7519-1DanielssonM.LammiA.SiitonenS.OllgrenJ.PylkkänenL.VasankariT.Alarming Development of Dual Snus and Cigarette Usage Among Young Finnish MalesBMC Public Health192019124910.1186/s12889-019-7519-1Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Gauden, G.: Law Must Ban Smoking in Public Places Without Exemptions; Commentary, World Health Organization (WHO) Geneva, Switzerland, 2018. Available at: https://www.who.int/china/news/commentaries/detail/law-must-ban-smoking-in-public-places-without-exemptions (accessed August, 2023)GaudenG.Law Must Ban Smoking in Public Places Without ExemptionsCommentary, World Health Organization (WHO)Geneva, Switzerland2018Available at: https://www.who.int/china/news/commentaries/detail/law-must-ban-smoking-in-public-places-without-exemptions (accessed August, 2023)Search in Google Scholar
Etu, E.S., D.H. Gemeda, and M.A. Hussen: Prevalence and Factors that Influence Smokeless Tobacco Use Among Adults in Pastoralist Communities of Borena Zone, Ethiopia: Mixed Method Study; Tob. Induc. Dis. 15 (2017) 1. DOI: 10.1186/s12971-016-0106-7EtuE.S.GemedaD.H.HussenM.A.Prevalence and Factors that Influence Smokeless Tobacco Use Among Adults in Pastoralist Communities of Borena Zone, Ethiopia: Mixed Method StudyTob. Induc. Dis.152017110.1186/s12971-016-0106-7Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Doogan, N.J., S. Cooper, A.J. Quisenberry, T.M. Brasky, C.R. Browning, E.G. Klein, A. Hinton, H.N. Nagaraja, W. Xi, and M.E. Wewers: The Role of Travel Distance and Price Promotions in Tobacco Product Purchase Quantity; Health Place 51 (2018) 151–157. DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2018.03.009DooganN.J.CooperS.QuisenberryA.J.BraskyT.M.BrowningC.R.KleinE.G.HintonA.NagarajaH.N.XiW.WewersM.E.The Role of Travel Distance and Price Promotions in Tobacco Product Purchase QuantityHealth Place51201815115710.1016/j.healthplace.2018.03.009Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Stepanov, I., J. Jensen, D. Hatsukami and S.S. Hecht: New and Traditional Smokeless Tobacco: Comparison of Toxicant and Carcinogen Levels; Nicotine Tob. Res. 10 (2008) 1773–1782. DOI: 10.1080/14622200802443544StepanovI.JensenJ.HatsukamiD.HechtS.S.New and Traditional Smokeless Tobacco: Comparison of Toxicant and Carcinogen LevelsNicotine Tob. Res.1020081773178210.1080/14622200802443544Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
The European Parliament and the Council of the European Union: Directive 2014/40/EU of the European Parliament and the Council of 3 April 2014 on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States concerning the manufacture, presentation and sale of tobacco and related products and repealing Directive 2001/37/EC, Official Journal of the European Union, 2014, L 127/1-L 127/38.The European Parliament and the Council of the European UnionDirective 2014/40/EU of the European Parliament and the Council of 3 April 2014 on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States concerning the manufacture, presentation and sale of tobacco and related products and repealing Directive 2001/37/ECOfficial Journal of the European Union2014L 127/1-L 127/38.Search in Google Scholar