Does the Level of NNK in Tobacco and Tobacco Products Depend on the Level of Pseudooxynicotine or of Nicotine-1′-N -Oxide?
y | 16 abr 2022
Acerca de este artículo
Publicado en línea: 16 abr 2022
Páginas: 25 - 34
Recibido: 09 nov 2021
Aceptado: 25 ene 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2022-0003
© 2022 Huihua Ji et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
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Average levels of nicotine, NNK, PON, and nicotine-1′-N-oxide (on “dry weight basis”).
| No. | Sample | Nicotine (mg/g) | NNK (ng/g) | PON (µg/g) | Nic-Ox (mg/g) | PON method |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | FC L (1) | 22.9 | 452.2 | 56.4 | 103.7 | 1 |
| 2 | FC U (1) | 25.6 | 242.9 | 83.1 | 134.9 | 1 |
| 3 | FC L (2) | 16.6 | 265.3 | 38.6 | 50.4 | 1 |
| 4 | FC U (2) | 24.7 | 49.2 | 76.5 | 62.4 | 1 |
| 5 | FC off L | 20.4 | 109.6 | 62.1 | 146.9 | 1 |
| 6 | FC off U | 29.4 | 72.4 | 71.8 | 183.0 | 1 |
| 7 | Bu L (1) | 26.1 | 274.7 | 150.1 | 224.8 | 1 |
| 8 | Bu U (1) | 33.0 | 317.8 | 155.4 | 254.2 | 1 |
| 9 | Bu L (2) | 21.1 | 1791.9 | 134.5 | 209.4 | 1 |
| 10 | Bu U (2) | 24.6 | 1583.3 | 199.2 | 244.2 | 1 |
| 11 | Bu off L | 7.6 | 136.2 | 76.0 | 123.7 | 1 |
| 12 | Bu off U | 7.3 | 174.0 | 69.4 | 110.2 | 1 |
| 13 | O SA U | 14.0 | 44.4 | 102.0 | 226.5 | 1 |
| 14 | O Iz U | 7.9 | 0.5 | 51.5 | 141.7 | 1 |
| 15 | FC L-Prod | 17.9 | 195.4 | 94.0 | 204.5 | 1 |
| 16 | FC U-Prod | 27.2 | 171.0 | 121.7 | 195.4 | 1 |
| 17 | Bu L-Prod | 22.4 | 885.5 | 205.9 | 221.3 | 1 |
| 18 | Bu U-Prod | 30.9 | 755.2 | 284.2 | 232.2 | 1 |
| 19 | O1-Prod | 10.3 | 7.0 | 67.4 | 150.2 | 1 |
| 20 | O2-Prod | 8.0 | 1.2 | 50.8 | 135.8 | 1 |
| 21 | Moist 1 | 6.0 | 210.7 | 5.1 | 17.8 | 1 |
| 22 | Moist 2 | 5.4 | 177.2 | 3.2 | 23.6 | 1 |
| 23 | Moist 3 | 5.5 | 265.4 | 5.8 | 78.0 | 1 |
| 24 | Moist 4 | 7.8 | 564.9 | 10.6 | 88.7 | 1 |
| 25 | Moist 5 | 4.6 | 331.6 | 5.8 | 92.8 | 1 |
| 26 | Moist 6 | 3.9 | 403.9 | 5.5 | 135.8 | 1 |
| 27 | Moist 7 | 7.1 | 310.4 | 7.8 | 27.6 | 1 |
| 28 | Moist 8 | 5.5 | 211.1 | 3.2 | 28.2 | 1 |
| 29 | RT1 | 21.4 | 683.4 | 62.2 | — | 2 |
| 30 | RT2 | 29.0 | 90.3 | 72.3 | — | 2 |
| 31 | RT3 | 5.9 | <LOQ | 31.9 | — | 2 |
| 32 | RT4 | 38.5 | 672.7 | 105.8 | — | 2 |
| 33 | RT5 | 31.9 | 1075.5 | 149.0 | — | 2 |
| 34 | RT6 | 13.1 | 1126.4 | 33.9 | — | 2 |
| 35 | RT7 | 16.5 | 927.8 | 34.9 | — | 2 |
| 36 | RT8 | 15.5 | 904.8 | 63.1 | — | 2 |
| 37 | RT9 | 50.4 | 2160.0 | 80.8 | — | 2 |
| 38 | RT10 | 40.3 | 526.3 | 61.8 | — | 2 |
| 39 | 1S4 | 15.8 | 168.4 | 28.6 | — | 2 |
| 40 | 1S5 | 15.0 | 333.5 | 51.2 | — | 2 |
| 41 | 3S3 | 25.2 | 381.2 | 15.5 | — | 2 |
| 42 | 3S1 | 8.7 | 72.0 | 25.5 | — | 2 |
Parameters for the MS/MS detection.
| Compound | Ion for Q1 | Ion for Q3 | Acquisation time (ms) | Declustering potential (V) | Collision energy (V) | Collision exit potential (V) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pseudooxynicotine | 179.1 | 148.1 | 100 | 70 | 17 | 13 |
| Nicotine-1′- |
180.1 | 133.1 | 100 | 70 | 21 | 13 |
| Nicotine-d3 (I.S.) | 166.1 | 870 | 100 | 30 | 15 | 9 |
Method recovery with spiked PON-d4 into 3R4F (n = 3).
| Spiked PON-d4 (ng/mL) | Recovery (%) | RSD (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 302.7 | 100 | 10.1 |
| 1210.8 | 103 | 4.0 |
| 2421.6 | 102 | 3.1 |
List of tobaccos, moist snuff, and snus samples evaluated in this study.
| No. | Sample | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | FC L (1) | Eastern NC belt, lower stalk (lug) flue-cured (2016) |
| 2 | FC U (1) | Eastern NC belt, upper stalk (leaf & some tips) flue-cured (2016) |
| 3 | FC L (2) | South Carolina belt, lower stalk (lug) flue-cured (2016) |
| 4 | FC U (2) | South Carolina belt, upper stalk (leaf & some tips) flue-cured (2016) |
| 5 | FC off L | Brazil, lower stalk (lugs & primings) flue-cured (2016) |
| 6 | FC off U | Brazil, upper stalk (leaf & tips) flue-cured (2016) |
| 7 | Bu L (1) | Kentucky & Tennessee, lower stalk (flyings & cutters) Burley (2016) |
| 8 | Bu U (1) | Kentucky & Tennessee, upper stalk (leaf) Burley (2016) |
| 9 | Bu L (2) | North Carolina & Virginia, lower stalk (flyings & cutters) Burley (2016) |
| 10 | Bu U (2) | North Carolina & Virginia, upper stalk (leaf) Burley (2016) |
| 11 | Bu off L | Malawi, lower stalk (flyings & cutters) Burley (2016) |
| 12 | Bu off U | Malawi, upper stalk (leaf) Burley (2016) |
| 13 | O SA U | Turkey, good quality middle to upper stalk, Samsun Oriental (2015) |
| 14 | O Iz U | Turkey, good quality middle to upper stalk, Izmir Oriental (2015) |
| 15 | FC L-Prod | Low stalk flue-cured blend used in cigarette production (2018) |
| 16 | FC U-Prod | Leaf flue-cured blend used in cigarette production (2018) |
| 17 | Bu L-Prod | Low stalk Burly blend used in cigarette production (2018) |
| 18 | Bu U-Prod | Leaf Burley blend used in cigarette production (2018) |
| 19 | O1-Prod | Oriental blend used in cigarette production (2018) |
| 20 | O2-Prod | Oriental blend used in cigarette production (2018) |
| 21 | Moist 1 | Red Seal Natural Fine Cut (2019) |
| 22 | Moist 2 | Skoal Long Cut Classic Wintergreen (2019) |
| 23 | Moist 3 | Long Horn Fine Cut Natural (2019) |
| 24 | Moist 4 | Grizzly Fine Cut Premium Wintergreen (2019) |
| 25 | Moist 5 | Grizzly Long Cut Premium Wintergreen (2019) |
| 26 | Moist 6 | Kodiak Premium Wintergreen (2019) |
| 27 | Moist 7 | Copenhagen Snuff Original Fine Cut (2019) |
| 28 | Moist 8 | Copenhagen Long Cut Mint (2019) |
| 29 | RT1 |
1R6F filler |
| 30 | RT2 |
Flue-cured ground tobacco |
| 31 | RT3 |
Oriental ground tobacco |
| 32 | RT4 |
Burley ground tobacco |
| 33 | RT5 |
High TSNA dark air-cured ground tobacco |
| 34 | RT6 |
Flavored cigar filler |
| 35 | RT7 |
1R5F filler |
| 36 | RT8 |
Unflavored cigar filler |
| 37 | RT9 |
Dark air-cured ground tobacco |
| 38 | RT10 |
Dark fire-cured ground tobacco |
| 39 | 1S4 |
Swedish style Snus |
| 40 | 1S5 |
Snus |
| 41 | 3S3 |
Moist Snuff |
| 42 | 3S1 |
Loose-leaf chewing tobacco |
Parameters a, b, and c for the quantitation of pseudooxynicotine (PON) and nicotine-1′-N-oxide, and the regression coefficient R2 of the calibration line.
| Compound | a | b | c | R2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PON | −1.3581 E-13 | 1.33470 E-06 | −2.1595 E-02 | 0.9996 |
| Nicotine-1′- |
— | 3.04019 E-07 | −0.039649 | 0.9993 |