A Method for the Determination of Tobacco-specific Nitrosamines (TSNA), Nitrate and Nitrite in Tobacco Leaves and Processed Tobacco

1. Hoffmann, D., and S. S. Hecht: Nicotine-derived N-nitrosamines and tobacco-related cancer — Current status and future directions; Cancer Res. 45 (1985) 935-944.Search in Google Scholar

2. Hoffmann, D., and S. S. Hecht: Tobacco and tobacco smoke (Volatile and tobacco-specific ni-trosamines — general aspects); in Environmental carcinogens — Selected methods of analysis, Vol. 6: N-Nitroso compounds, edited by H. Egan, R. Preussmann, I. K. O'Neill, G. Eisenbrand, B. Spie-gelhalder, H. Bartsch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, IARC Sci. Publ.- No. 45, 1983, pp. 63—67.Search in Google Scholar

3. Chamberlain, W. J., J. L. Baker, O. T. Chortyk and M. G. Stephenson: Studies on the reduction of nitrosamines in tobacco; Tob. Sci. 30 (1986) 81—82.Search in Google Scholar

4. Brunnemann, K. D., J. Masaryk and D. Hoffmann: Role of tobacco stems in the formation of N-nitrosamines in tobacco and cigarette mainstream and sidestream smoke; J. Agric. Food. Chem. 31 (1983) 1221-1224.Search in Google Scholar

5. Andersen, R. A., H. R, Burton, P. D. Fleming, T. R. Hamilton-Kemp and S. L. Gay: Effects of an air-curing environment on alkaloid-derived nitrosamines in Burley tobacco; in Relevance of N-nx-troso compounds to human cancer — Exposures and mechanisms, edited by H, Bartsch, I. K. O'Neill and R. Schulte-Hermann, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, IARC Sci. Publ. No. 84, 1987, 451-455.Search in Google Scholar

6. Adams, J, D., P. Owens-Tucciarone and D. Hoffmann: Tobacco-specific jY-nitrosamines in dry snuff; Food Chem. Toxicol. 25 (1987) 245-246.10.1016/0278-6915(87)90090-1Search in Google Scholar

7. Adams, J. D., K. D. Brunnemann and D. Hoffmann: Chemical studies on tobacco smoke, LXXV. Rapid method for the analysis of tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines by gas-liquid chromatography with a thermal energy analyser; J. Chromatogr. 256 (1983) 347—351.Search in Google Scholar

8. Hoffmann, D., J. D. Adams, K. D. Brunnemann and S. S. Hecht: Assessment of tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines in tobacco products; Cancer Res. 39 (1979) 2505-2509.Search in Google Scholar

9. Hecht, S. S., J. D. Adams and D. Hoffmann: Tobacco-specific nitrosamines in tobacco and tobacco smoke; in Environmental carcinogens — Selected methods of analysis, Vol. 6: JV-Nitroso compounds, edited by H. Egan, R. Preussmann, I. K. O'Neill, G. Eisenbrand, B. Spiegelhalder, H. Bartsch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, IARC Sci. Publ. No. 45, 1983, 93—101.Search in Google Scholar

10. Bhide, S. V., J. Nair, G. B. Maru, U. J. Nair, B. V. Kameshwar Rao, M. K. Chakraborty and K. D. Brunnemann: Tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNA) in green mature and processed tobacco leaves from India; Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 14 (1987) 29-32.Search in Google Scholar

11. Andersen, R. A., and T, R. Kemp: Accumulation of 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-buta-none in alkaloid genotypes of Burley tobacco during postharvest processing — Comparisons with N-nitrosonorhicotine and probable nitrosamine precursors; Cancer Res. 45 (1985) 5287—5293.Search in Google Scholar

12. Hu, M. W., W. E. Bondinell and D. Hoffmann: Chemical studies on tobacco smoke, XXIII. Synthesis of carbon-14 labelled myosmine, nornicotine and W-nitrosonornicotine; J. Labelled Compd. 10 (1974) 79-88.Search in Google Scholar

13. Hecht, S. S-, R. M. Ornaf and D, Hoffmann: Chemical studies on tobacco smoke, XXXIII. W-Nitro-sonornkotine in tobacco — Analysis of possible contributing factors and biological implications; J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 54 (1975) 1237—1244.Search in Google Scholar

14. Druckrey, H., R. Preussmann, S. Ivankovic and D. Schmahl: Organotrope carcinogene Wirkungen bei 65 verschiedenen N-Nitroso-Verbindungen an BD-Ratten; 2. Krebsforsch. 69 (1967) 103—201.Search in Google Scholar

15. Spiegelhalder, B., G. Eisenbrand and R. Preussmann: Volatile N-nitrosamines in beer and other beverages by direct extraction using a kieselguhr column; in Environmental carcinogens — Selected methods of analysis, Vol. 6: N-Nitroso compounds, edited by H. Egan, R. Preussmann, I. K. O'Neill, G. Eisenbrand, B. Spiegelhalder, H. Bartsch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, IARC Sci. Publ. No. 45, 1983, 135—142.Search in Google Scholar

16. Fischer, S., and B. Spiegelhalder: Improved method for the determination of tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA) in tobacco smoke; Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 14 (1989) 145-153.Search in Google Scholar

17. Spiegelhalder, B., G. Eisenbrand and R. Preussmann: Influence of dietary nitrate on nitrite content of human saliva — Possible relevance to in vivo formation of N-nitroso compounds; Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 14 (1976) 545-548.Search in Google Scholar