Public Perceptions on Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution Along Nairobi Expressway Corridor

[1] WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION: Global Health Observatory data. https://www.who.int/gho/phe/outdoor_air_pollution/burden/en/. Accessed 13 Sept 2024. Search in Google Scholar

[2] ZHU, Y. - HINDS, W. C. - KIM, S. - SHEN, S. - SIOUTAS, C.: Study of ultrafine particles near a major highway with heavy-duty diesel traffic. Atmospheric Environment, 36(27), 2002, 4323-4335. Search in Google Scholar

[3] BHANDARKAR, S.: Vehicular pollution, their effect on human health and mitigation measures. VE, 1(2), 2013, 3340. Search in Google Scholar

[4] RIEVAJ, V. - GAŇA, J. - SYNÁK, F.: Comparison of emissions depending on the type of vehicle engine. Logistics & Sustainable Transport, 10(1), 2019, 45-54. doi: 10.2478/jlst-2019-0004. Search in Google Scholar

[5] CHAICHAN, M. T. - KAZEM, H. A. - ABED, T. A.: Traffic and outdoor air pollution levels near highways in Baghdad, Iraq. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 20, 2018, 589-603. Search in Google Scholar

[6] CHEN, J. - HOEK, G.: Long-term exposure to PM and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environment International, 143, 2020, 105974. Search in Google Scholar

[7] HOEK, G. - BRUNEKREEF, B. - GOLDBOHM, S. - FISCHER, P. - VAN DEN BRANDT, P. A.: Association between mortality and indicators of traffic-related air pollution in the Netherlands: a cohort study. The Lancet, 360(9341), 2002, 1203-1209. Search in Google Scholar

[8] ROSENLUND, M. - FORASTIERE, F. - PORTA, D. - DE SARIO, M. - BADALONI, C. - PERUCCI, C. A.: Traffic-related air pollution in relation to respiratory symptoms, allergic sensitization, and lung function in school children. Thorax, 63(5), 2008, 401-408. Search in Google Scholar

[9] RAJORIA, N. - JHAMARIA, C. - SHARMA, S. - SINGH, N. - AMERIYA, T. - GUPTA, A.: Sources and effects of indoor air pollutants: A review. Ann. For. Res., 66(1), 2023, 1035-1047. Search in Google Scholar

[10] NORDLING, E. - BERGLIND, N. - MELÉN, E. - EMENIUS, G. - HALLBERG, J. - NYBERG, F. - BELLANDER, T.: Traffic-related air pollution and childhood respiratory symptoms, function and allergies. Epidemiology, 19(3), 2008, 401-408. Search in Google Scholar

[11] ARAUJO, J. A.: Particulate air pollution, systemic oxidative stress, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 4, 2011,79-93. Search in Google Scholar

[12] MATARA, C.- OSANO, S.-YUSUF, A.-AKECH, E.: An Assessment of the Contribution of Vehicular Traffic to Ambient Air Quality-A Case Study of Nairobi Expressway Corridor. Civil and Environmental Engineering, 20(1),2024, pp.54-67. Search in Google Scholar

[13] MATARA, C. M. - NYAMBANE, S. O. - YUSUF, A. O. - OCHUNGO, E. A. - KHATTAK, A.: Classification of Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Concentrations Using Feature Selection and Machine Learning Strategies. LOGI–Scientific Journal on Transport and Logistics, 15(1), 2024, 85-96. Search in Google Scholar

[14] SICARD, P. - AGATHOKLEOUS, E. - DE MARCO, A. - PAOLETTI, E. - CALATAYUD, V.: Urban population exposure to air pollution in Europe over the last decades. Environmental Sciences Europe, 33, 2021, 1-12. Search in Google Scholar

[15] PÍRY, M. - ŠKORVAGOVÁ, E. - DECKÝ, M.: Green Infrastructure: Legislative and Behavioral Approaches In The Context Of Urban Engineering. Civil and Environmental Engineering, 19 (2), 2023, 748-757. Search in Google Scholar

[16] BALDAUF, R.: Roadside vegetation design characteristics that can improve local, near-road air quality. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 52, 2017, 354-361. Search in Google Scholar

[17] TITOS, G. - LYAMANI, H. - DRINOVEC, L. - OLMO, F.J. - MOČNIK, G. - ALADOS-ARBOLEDAS, L.: Evaluation of the impact of transportation changes on air quality. Atmospheric Environment, 114, 2015, 19-31. Search in Google Scholar

[18] LI, W.W.: Air pollution, air quality, vehicle emissions, and environmental regulations. In: Traffic-related air pollution, Elsevier, 2020, 23-49. Search in Google Scholar

[19] ANDRE, M. - SARTELET, K. - MOUKHTAR, S. - ANDRÉ, J.M. - REDAELLI, M.: Diesel, petrol or electric vehicles: What choices to improve urban air quality in the Ile-de-France region? A simulation platform and case study. Atmospheric Environment, 241, 2020, 117752. Search in Google Scholar

[20] LIU, H. - KOBERNUS, M. - LIU, H.: Public perception survey study on air quality issues in Wuhan, China. Journal of Environmental Protection, 8(10), 2017, 1194. Search in Google Scholar

[21] MUÑOZ-PIZZA, D. M. - VILLADA-CANELA, M. - REYNA, M. A. - TEXCALAC-SANGRADOR, J. L. - SERRANO-LOMELIN, J. - OSORNIO-VARGAS, Á.: Assessing the influence of socioeconomic status and air pollution levels on the public perception of local air quality in a Mexico-US Border City. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(13), 2020, 4616. Search in Google Scholar

[22] SCHMITZ, S. - WEIAND, L. - BECKER, S. - NIEHOFF, N. - SCHWARTZBACH, F. - VON SCHNEIDEMESSER, E.: An assessment of perceptions of air quality surrounding the implementation of a traffic-reduction measure in a local urban environment. Sustainable Cities and Society, 41, 2018, 525-537. Search in Google Scholar

[23] ZAKARIA, M. F. - EZANI, E. - HASSAN, N. - RAMLI, N. A. - WAHAB, M. I. A.: Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP), air quality perception and respiratory health symptoms of active commuters in a university outdoor environment. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 228, 2019, 012017. IOP Publishing. Search in Google Scholar

[24] AJAYI, S. A. - ADAMS, C. A. - DUMEDAH, G. - ADEBANJI, O. A. - ABABIO-DONKOR, A. - ACKAAH, W. - KEHINDE, A.: Public perceptions of vehicular traffic emissions on health risk in Lagos metropolis Nigeria: A critical survey. Heliyon, 9(5), 2023. Search in Google Scholar

[25] ODONKOR, S. T. - MAHAMI, T.: Knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of air pollution in Accra, Ghana: A critical survey. Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3657161. Search in Google Scholar

[26] DUSHIE, D. - FENNY, A. P. - CRENTSIL, A. O.: Vehicular emissions and its implications on the health of traders: A case study of traders in La Nkwantanang municipality in Ghana. Journal of Sustainable Development, 10(6), 2017. Search in Google Scholar

[27] MUKARIA, S. M. - THENYA, T. - WAHOME, R. G. - KARATU, K. - GATARI, M.: Analysis and perception of the health impact of motor vehicle emissions on traffic police in Nairobi, Kenya. Journal of Environment Pollution and Human Health, 5(3), 2017, 104-110. Search in Google Scholar

[28] NGO, N. S. - KOKOYO, S. - KLOPP, J.: Why participation matters for air quality studies: Risk perceptions, understandings of air pollution and mobilization in a poor neighborhood in Nairobi, Kenya. Public Health, 142, 2017, 177-185. Search in Google Scholar

[29] EGONDI, T. - KYOBUTUNGI, C. - NG, N. - MUINDI, K. - OTI, S. - VAN DE VIJVER, S. - ROCKLÖV, J.: Community perceptions of air pollution and related health risks in Nairobi slums. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 10(10), 2013, 4851-4868. Search in Google Scholar

[30] MUINDI, K. - EGONDI, T. - KIMANI-MURAGE, E. - ROCKLOV, J. - NG, N.: “We are used to this”: A qualitative assessment of the perceptions of and attitudes towards air pollution amongst slum residents in Nairobi. BMC Public Health, 14, 2014, 1-9. Search in Google Scholar

[31] OMANGA, E. - ULMER, L. - BERHANE, Z. - GATARI, M.: Industrial air pollution in rural Kenya: Community awareness, risk perception and associations between risk variables. BMC Public Health, 14, 2014, 1-14. Search in Google Scholar

[32] KENYA NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS.: 2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census-Analytical report on Population Dynamics, Retrieved at: https://www.knbs.or.ke/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2019-Kenya-population-and-Housing-Census-Analytical-Report-on-Population-Dynamics.pdf (Accessed November 15, 2024) Search in Google Scholar

[33] TEJADA, J. J. - PUNZALAN, J. R. B.: On the misuse of Slovin’s formula. The Philippine Statistician, 61(1), 2012, 129-136. Search in Google Scholar

[34] DUROY, Q. M.: The determinants of environmental awareness and behavior. Journal of Environment and Development, 501, 2005, 1-26. Search in Google Scholar

[35] EL-HABIL, A. M.: An application on multinomial logistic regression model. Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research, 2012, 271-291. Search in Google Scholar

[36] AGRESTI, A.: Categorical Data Analysis. John Wiley & Sons, 2013. Search in Google Scholar

[37] ELSAIED, A. - AFIFY, H. - ELNAGA, I. A.: Multinomial Logit Utility Model for Tanta City Transportation System Considering Ridesharing Mode. Journal of Engineering Research, 5(2), 2021, 65-73. Search in Google Scholar

[38] HOSMER JR, D. W. - LEMESHOW, S. - STURDIVANT, R. X.: Applied Logistic Regression. John Wiley & Sons, 2013. Search in Google Scholar