Protection from Negative Psychological Effects in the Work Environment: An Occupational Health Perspective

1 Bagdanskis, Tomas, Vilius Mačiulaitis, Mantas Mikalopas. “Commentary to the Labour Code of the Republic of Lithuania. Individual labour relations” [Lietuvos Respublikos darbo kodekso komentaras. Individualieji darbo santykiai]. Vilnius (2018). Search in Google Scholar

2 Bakhtina, Krystyna. “Addressing psychosocial risks in Estonian SMEs.” Italian Labour Law e-Journal 15(2) (2022). ISSN 1561-8048 // https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.1561-8048/15065 Search in Google Scholar

3 Benkunskas, Valdas. “Problematic aspects of the use of mental health care terms in the legal framework.” Mokslo darbai. Sveikatos politika ir valdymas 1(4) (2012): 163–184. Search in Google Scholar

4 Birkeland Nielsen, Morten, et al. “Post-traumatic stress disorder as a consequence of bullying at work and at school. A literature review and meta-analysis.” Aggression and Violent Behavior 21 (2015). Search in Google Scholar

5 Bobińska, Kinga, et al. Ustawa o ochronie zdrowia psychicznego. Komentarz [Commentary on mental health protection]. Wydawca: Wolters Kluwer Polska (2016): 159. ISBN: 978-83-8092-248-8. Search in Google Scholar

6 Bosak-Sojka, Maria. “Prevention of employee’s mental health and employment law” [z Zakresu Prawa Pracy i Polityki Społecznej. Studies on Labour Law and Social Policy 28(2) (2021): 157–165. DOI: 10.4467/25444654SPP.21.013.13403 // www.ejournals.eu/sppips // https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9169-8966, www.ejournals.eu/sppips Search in Google Scholar

7 Cefaliello, Aude. Psychosocial risks in Europe. National examples as inspiration for a future directive, ETUI Policy Brief (2021): 4. Search in Google Scholar

8 Committee of Experts on Management of Safety and Quality in Health Care (SP-SQS). Expert Group on Safe Medication Practices. Glossary of terms related to patient and medication safety // https://vaspvt.gov.lt/files/files/Zodynas_LT.pdf Search in Google Scholar

9 Davulis, Tomas. “Lietuvos darbo teisės modernizavimo perspektyvos” [Prospects for modernising Lithuanian labour law]. Jurisprudencija.” Mokslo darbai 8(110) (2008): 27–33. ISSN 1392-6195. Search in Google Scholar

10 Diaz, José Antonio Moreno. “Opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee on Precarious work and mental health (2023/C 228/05).” Official Journal of the European Union (29 June 2023) // https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52023AE0331 Search in Google Scholar

11 Duffy, Maureen. The 8th International Conference on Workplace Bullying and Harassment – Future Challenges. (12–15 June 2012). Search in Google Scholar

12 Duffy, Maureen, Len Sperry. “Workplace Mobbing: Individual and Family Health Consequences.” The Family Journal (October 2007): 398–404. DOI: 10.1177/1066480707305069 // https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258193133 Search in Google Scholar

13 Durniat, Katarzyna et al. “Operacjonalizacja mobbingu w kontekście badań międzykulturowych [Operationalisation of mobbing in the context of cross-cultural research].” Prace Naukowe Akademii Ekonomicznej 1132 (2006). Search in Google Scholar

14 Durniat, Katarzyna. “Methodological, ethical and legal problems of measuring and counteracting workplace mobbing.” EWOP in Practice 15(1) (2021): 36–53 // https://doi.org/10.21825/ewopinpractice.87140 Search in Google Scholar

15 EU-OSHA. European Agency for Safety and Health at Work. (2010b). European Survey of Enterprises on New and Emerging Risks (ESENER). Managing safety and health at work. European Risk Observatory Report. Luxembourg; Publication Office of the European Union. Available: Eurofound (2012). Search in Google Scholar

16 European Parliament, Directorate General for research. “Working paper Bullying at work.” Social Affairs Series. SOCI 108 EN 8 (2001): 13 // https://www.europarl.europa.eu/workingpapers/soci/pdf/108_en.pdf Search in Google Scholar

17 Friedman, Gabrielle S., James Q. Whitman. “The European Transformation of Harassment Law: Discrimination Versus Dignity.” 9 COLUM. J. EUR. L. 241, 249 (2003): 258–259. Search in Google Scholar

18 Gemzøe Mikkelsen, Eva, Stale Einarsen. “Basic assumptions and symptoms of post-traumatic stress among victims of bullying at work.” European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology (September 2010). Search in Google Scholar

19 Guobaitė-Kirslienė, Ramunė, Inga Blažienė. Psichologinio smurto darbo aplinkoje sampratos teisiniai aspektai Lietuvoje. Darbo teisės iššūkiai besikeičiančiame pasaulyje: liber Amicorum et Collegarum profesorei Genovaitei Dambrauskienei [Legal aspects of the concept of psychological violence in the workplace in Lithuania. Challenges of Labour Law in a Changing World: liber Amicorum et Collegarum to Professor Genovaite Dambrauskienė]. (2020): 113–136. ISBN 9786094880070, 2020. Search in Google Scholar

20 Hanson, Eamonn K. S. et al. “Cortisol secretion throughout the day, perceptions of the work environment, and negative affect.” Annals of Behavioral Medicine 22(4) (December 2000): 316–324. Published: 30 July 2013 // https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02895668 Search in Google Scholar

21 Hirigoyen, Marie-France. “Le harcèlement moral, la violence perverse au quotidian.” Éditions La Découverte et Syros, Coll. Pocket (1998, le 2^e editions 2003). Search in Google Scholar

22 Hogh, Annie, et al. Book of Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Workplace Bullying and Harassment – Future Challenges. (2012). IAWBH and University of Copenhagen. ISBN 978-87-87417-97-6. Search in Google Scholar

23 Lastovkova, Andrea et al. “Burnout syndrome as an occupational disease in the European Union: an exploratory study.” Industrial Health 56 (2018). ISSN 1880-8026. Search in Google Scholar

24 Leymann, Heinz, Annelie Gustafsson. “Mobbing at work and the development of post-traumatic stress disorder.” European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology 5(2) (1996). Search in Google Scholar

25 Lerouge, Loïc. “Workplace Bullying and Harassment in France and Few Comparisons with Belgium: a Legal Perspective.” University of Bordeaux. JILPT Seminar on Workplace Bullying and Harassment, JILPT REPORT No. 12 (2013): 39 // https://www.jil.go.jp/english/reports/documents/jilpt-reports/no.12.pdf#page=45 Search in Google Scholar

26 Leščinskaitė, Aistė. “Psychological workplace violence against older people in Lithuania.” Baltic Journal of Law & Politics 16(1) (2023): 42–59. DOI: 10.2478/bjlp-2023-0003 // https://content.sciendo.com/view/journals/bjlp/bjlp-verview.xml Search in Google Scholar

27 Loriol, Marc, et al. “Harassment at work in France and Italy first hypothesis for an international comparison.” Aggression and Violent Behavior 53 (July–August 2020): 101427. Search in Google Scholar

28 Malinauskienė, Vilija, Vytautas Obelenis, Diana Šopagienė. “Psychological terror at work and cardiovascular diseases among teachers.” Acta Medica Lituanica 12(2) (2005): 20–25. Search in Google Scholar

29 Medeiros de Araújo, Alisson Renato et al. “Mobbing: A critical look at legal protection in Brazil and Portugal.” Social Responsibility at the Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre: from the experience gained to the new challenges. Conference Paper (September 2019): 768. ISSN 2048-0806. Search in Google Scholar

30 O’Moore, Mona. “Bullying in the workplace: is it a problem.” Health and Safety Authority Newsletter 106 (1998): 2–4. Search in Google Scholar

31 Rosario-Hernández, Ernesto et al. “Exposure to workplace bullying and suicidal ideation: and exploratory study.” Journal of Applied Structural Equation Modeling 3(1) (Jan 2019): 55-75. eISSN: 2590-4221. Search in Google Scholar

32 Santagata de Castro, Raffaello. “Workplace Bullying in Italy. Malicious Intent and Role of EU Anti-discrimination Law.” Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli.” WP C.S.D.L.E. “Massimo D’Antona.” IT 399 (2019): 2 // http://aei.pitt.edu/102770/1/399.pdf Search in Google Scholar

33 State Labour Inspectorate. „Monitoring report on the assessment of psychosocial occupational risk factors and measures to prevent them, and the implementation of measures to prevent psychological violence in enterprises.” (26th of May, 2021) // efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.vdi.lt/PdfUploads/Psichstebesena.pdf Search in Google Scholar

34 Steinberg Maria. “Strength and Weakness of the Swedish Legislation Regarding to Psychosocial Risks.” Psychosocial Risks in Labour and Social Security Law (2017): 67. Search in Google Scholar

35 Sugeno, Kazuo. “Workplace Bullying and Harassment.” The Japan Institute for Labour Policy and Training (2013): 29 // https://www.jil.go.jp/english/reports/documents/jilpt-reports/no.12.pdf#page=45 Search in Google Scholar

36 Wynne, Richard, et al. “Promoting mental health in the workplace: Guidance to implementing a comprehensive approach.” Employment, Social Affairs & Inclusion, European Commission (November 2014): 4 // https://ec.europa.eu/social/BlobServlet?docId=13879&langId=en Search in Google Scholar

1 Labour Code of the Republic of Lithuania. TAR (2016-09-19, No. 2016-23709). Search in Google Scholar

2 Civil Code of the Republic of Lithuania, Book Six “Law on Obligations”. Official Gazette (No. 74-2262, 2000). Search in Google Scholar

3 Code of Administrative Offences of the Republic of Lithuania. TAR (10 July 2015, No 2015-11216). Search in Google Scholar

4 Law on the Health System of the Republic of Lithuania. Official Gazette (No. 63-1231, 1994; No 112-3099, 1998). Search in Google Scholar

5 Law on the State Labour Inspectorate of the Republic of Lithuania. Official Gazette (No. 102-4585, 2003). Search in Google Scholar

6 Law on social insurance for accidents at work and occupational diseases. Žin. (1999, No. 110-3207; 2003, No. 114-5114), TAR (2016-07-05, No. 2016-18827). Search in Google Scholar

7 Law on Mental Health Care of the Republic of Lithuania. TAR (2019, No. 2019-00838). Search in Google Scholar

8 Lithuanian Health Programme 2014-2025 Approved by Resolution No XII-964 of the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania of 26 June 2014. TAR (2014-07-01, No. 9403) // https://e-seimas.lrs.lt/portal/legalAct/lt/TAD/35834810004f11e-4b0ef967b19d90c08?jfwid=-fxdp770g Search in Google Scholar

9 General Regulations on Occupational Risk Assessment, approved by Order No A1-457/V-961 of the Minister for Social Security and Labour of the Republic of Lithuania and the Minister for Health of the Republic of Lithuania of 25 October 2012. Current version, § 18. Search in Google Scholar

10 Order of the Minister of Social Security and Labour of the Republic of Lithuania No. A1-316 of 12 May 2009 “On the Approval of the Provisions of the State Labour Inspectorate of the Republic of Lithuania under the Ministry of Social Security and Labour“. Official Gazette of the Republic of Lithuania (2009, No. 58-2262, point 23). Search in Google Scholar

11 Methodological Instructions on the Examination of Psychosocial Risk Factors approved by Order No V-699/A1-241 of the Minister for Health of the Republic of Lithuania and the Minister for Social Security and Labour of the Republic of Lithuania of 24 August 2005. Official Gazette (No. 105-3897, 2005). Search in Google Scholar

12 Order of the Chief State Labour Inspector of the Republic of Lithuania No EV-173 dated by the 26th of July, 2021 “On the Declaration of Compliance with Legal Requirements for Psychosocial Risk Assessment and Prevention of Mobbing at Work and Submission of a Thematic Report to the State Labour Inspectorate of the Republic of Lithuania under the Ministry of Social Security and Labour“. TAR (2021-07-26, No. 2021-16466). Search in Google Scholar

13 Constitution of the World Health Organization (22 July 1946) // https://www.who.int/about/governance/constitution Search in Google Scholar

14 European Social Charter (Revised). Search in Google Scholar

15 Violence and Harassment Convention (No. 190). International Labour Organization // https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:C190 Search in Google Scholar

16 Violence and Harassment Recommendation No. 206 (2019) // https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:R206 Search in Google Scholar

17 “Council Regulation (EC, EURATOM) No 723/2004 of 22 March 2004 amending the Staff Regulations of officials of the European Communities and the Conditions of Employment of others servants of the European Communities.” Official Journal of the European Union L124/1 (27 April 2004) // https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32004R0723 Search in Google Scholar

18 Council Directive 89/391/EEC of 12 June 1989 on the introduction of measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health of workers at work // https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/1989/391/oj Search in Google Scholar

19 Framework agreement on work-related stress. (2004) // https://resourcecentre.etuc.org/agreement/framework-agreement-work-related-stress Search in Google Scholar

20 Framework Agreement on Harassment and Violence at Work, signed by the European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC/CES), the Confederation of European Business (BUSINESSEUROPE), the European Association of Craft, Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (UEAPME) and the European Centre of Enterprises with Public Participation and of Enterprises of General Economic Interest, 26 April 2007 (CEEP) // https://www.etui.org/sites/default/files/ez_import/Framework%20agreement%20on%20harassment%20and%20violence.pdf Search in Google Scholar

21 Proposal for a Council Decision authorising Member States to ratify, in the interest of the European Union, the Violence and Harassment Convention, 2019 (No. 190) of the International Labour Organization, Brussels, 22.1.2020 COM (2020) 24 final 2020/0011 (NLE). Search in Google Scholar

22 Opinion No KT20-I1/2017 of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania of 19 December 2017 “On the actions of the member of the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania Kęstutis Pūkas”. § 61 (19 December 2017) // https://lrkt.lt/lt/teismo-aktai/paieska/135/ta1771/content. Search in Google Scholar

23 Ruling of the Kaunas Regional Court of 24 March 2022 in civil case No. e2A-349-587/2022. Search in Google Scholar

24 § 32 of the Ruling of the Vilnius Regional Court of 10 August 2023 rendered in civil case No. e2A-1666-855/2023, judicial proceedings No. 2-68-3-23380-2022-1. Search in Google Scholar

25 Judgement of the Vilnius Regional Administrative Court of 23 February 2021 in administrative case No. eI2-639-281/2021. Search in Google Scholar

26 Ruling of the Klaipėda Regional Court of 10 June 2022 rendered in administrative proceedings No. AN2-131-360/2022. Search in Google Scholar

27 Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Lithuania of 30 November 1994 No. 1198 “On the Approval of the List of Occupational Diseases and the Provisions of the State Register of Occupational”. Search in Google Scholar