[
Avila Negri, S. (2021), ‘Robot as legal person: electronic personhood in robotics and artificial intelligence,’ Frontiers in Robotics and AI, vol. 8, pp. 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2021.78932710.3389/frobt.2021.789327873465435004866
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Calhoun, L. (2021), ‘The real problem with lethal autonomous weapons systems (LAWS),’ Peace Review A Journal of Social Justice, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 182–189. https://doi.org/10.1080/10402659.2021.199874610.1080/10402659.2021.1998746
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Cambridge Dictionary Online (n.d.), ‘Anti-personnel’. Retrieved from https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/anti-personnel [accessed 18 Feb 2022]
]Search in Google Scholar
[
CCW (2019), Meeting of the High Contracting Parties to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effect, CCW/MSP/2019/9, 13.12.2019.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
CCW (2021), Group of Governmental Experts on Emerging Technologies in the Area of Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems, Chairperson’s Summary, CCW/GGE.1/2020/WP.7, 19.4.2021.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Chengeta, T. (2017), ‘Are autonomous weapons systems the subject of Article 36 of Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions?’ U.C. Davis Journal of International Law & Policy, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 65–99.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Colatin, S. T. (n.d.), ‘A surprising turn of events: UN creates two working groups on cyberspace,’ CCDOE. Retrieved from ccdcoe.org/incyder-articles/a-surprising-turn-of-events-un-creates-two-working-groups-on-cyberspace/ [accessed 4 Feb 2022]
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Debuf, E. (2015), ‘Tools to do the job: The ICRC’s legal status, privileges and immunities,’ International Review of the Red Cross, vol. 97, nos. 897–898, pp. 319–344. https://doi.org/10.1017/S181638311500051X10.1017/S181638311500051X
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Forsyth, I. (2017), ‘A bear’s biography: Hybrid warfare and the more-than-human battlespace,’ Environmental and Planning D: Society and Space, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 495–512. https://doi.org/10.1177/026377581666409810.1177/0263775816664098
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Gardner, N. (2021), ‘Clausewitzian friction and autonomous weapon systems,’ Comparative Strategy, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 86–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/01495933.2021.185344210.1080/01495933.2021.1853442
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Human Rights Watch (2021), ‘Crunch time on killer robots.’ Retrieved from https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/12/01/crunch-time-killer-robots [accessed 4 Feb 2022]
]Search in Google Scholar
[
ICRC (n.d., a), Practice Relating to Nuclear Weapons. Retrieved from https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/customary-ihl/eng/docs/v2_cha_chapter22_nuwea [accessed 18 Feb 2022]
]Search in Google Scholar
[
ICRC (n.d., b), Rule 1. The Principle of Distinction between Civilians Combatants. Retrieved from https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/customary-ihl/eng/docindex/v1_rul_rule1 [accessed 18 Feb 2022]
]Search in Google Scholar
[
ICRC (n.d., c), Rule 14. Proportionality in Attack. Retrieved from https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/customary-ihl/eng/docs/v1_rul_rule14 [accessed 27 Apr 2022]
]Search in Google Scholar
[
ICRC (1868), Declaration Renouncing the Use, in Time of War, of Explosive Projectiles under 400 Grammes Weight. Saint Petersburg, 29 November / 11 December 1868, International Committee of the Red Cross. Retrieved from https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=openDocument&documentId=568842C2B90F4A29C12563CD0051547C [accessed 19 Jan 2022]
]Search in Google Scholar
[
ICRC (1980), Protocol on Non-Detectable Fragments. Retrieved from https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/States.xsp?xp_viewStates=XPages_NORMStatesParties&xp_treatySelected=505 [accessed 4 Feb 2022]
]Search in Google Scholar
[
ICRC (1987), Commentary on the Additional Protocols of 8 June 1977 to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
ICRC (2003), Protocol on Explosive Remnants of War. Retrieved from https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/INTRO/610 [accessed 4 Feb 2022]
]Search in Google Scholar
[
ICRC (2021), ICRC Position on Autonomous Weapon Systems, ICRC Position and Background Paper, 12 May.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ifft, E. & Koplow, D. (2021), ‘Legal and political myths of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons,’ Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, vol. 77, no. 3, pp. 134–139. https://doi.org/10.1080/00963402.2021.191219810.1080/00963402.2021.1912198
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Jevglevskaja, N. (2018), ‘Weapons review obligation under customary international law,’ U.S. Naval War College International Law Studies, vol. 94, pp. 186–221.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Jünger, F. (1956), The Failure of Technology: Perfection without Purpose, Chicago: H. Regenery.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kahn, E. (2021), ‘The world just blew a ‘historic opportunity’ to stop killer robots— and that might be a good thing,’ Fortune, 22 December. Retrieved from https://fortune.com/2021/12/22/killer-robots-ban-fails-un-artificial-intelligence-laws/ [accessed 4 Feb 2022]
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kajander, A.; Kasper, A. & Tsybulenko, Е. (2020), ‘Making the cyber mercenary— autonomous weapons systems and Common Article 1 of the Geneva Conventions,’ in T. Jančárková, L. Lindström, M. Signoretti, I. Tolga & G. Visky (eds.) 12th International Conference on Cyber Conflict. 20/20 Vision: The Next Decade, Tallinn: NATO CCDCOE Publications, pp. 79−95. https://doi.org/10.23919/CyCon49761.2020.913172210.23919/CyCon49761.2020.9131722
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kohv, M. & Chochia, A. (2021), ‘Unmanned aerial vehicles and the international humanitarian law. Case study: Russia,’ in H. Mölder, V. Sazonov, A. Chochia & T. Kerikmäe (eds.) The Russian Federation in the Global Knowledge Warfare: Influence Operations in Europe and Its Neighborhood, Cham: Springer, pp. 213−231. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73955-3_1110.1007/978-3-030-73955-3_11
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Nagl, J. (2013), ‘Our lives marked by war: Reflections on J. Glenn Gray’s The Warriors,’ Juniata Voices, vol. 14, pp. 21–34.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Poitras, R. (2018), ‘Article 36 weapons review & autonomous weapons systems: Supporting an international review standard,’ American University International Law Review, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 465–495.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Pronto, A. N. (2015), ‘Understanding the hard/soft distinction in international law,’ Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 941–956.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Rappert, B.; Moyes, R.; Crowe, A. & Nash, T. (2012), ‘The roles of civil society in the development of standards around new weapons and other technologies of warfare,’ International Review of the Red Cross, vol. 94, no. 886, pp. 765–785. https://doi.org/10.1017/S181638311200074410.1017/S1816383112000744
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Real Decreto-ley 9/2021, del 11 de mayo, por el que se modifica el texto refundido de la Ley del Estatuto de los Trabajadores, aprobado por el Real Decreto Legislativo 2/2015, de 23 de octubre, para garantizar los derechos laborales de las personas dedicadas al reparto en el ámbito de plataformas digitales, 11.5.2021.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Shaffer, G. & Pollack, M. (2011), ‘Hard versus soft law in international security,’ Boston College Review, vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 1147–1242.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Suciu, P. (2020), ‘Is Russia developing an unmanned Armata T-14 tank?’ The National Interest, 24 August. Retrieved from https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/russia-developing-unmanned-armata-t-14-tank-167639 [accessed 18 Feb 2022]
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Tousignant, M. (2021), ‘In World War II, a bear became companion and helper to Polish soldiers,’ Washington Post, 30 August.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Tsybulenko, E. & Kajander, A. (2021), ‘The hybrid arsenal of Russia’s war against the democratic world,’ in H. Mölder, V. Sazonov, A. Chochia & T. Kerikmäe (eds.) The Russian Federation in Global Knowledge Warfare: Contributions to International Relations, Cham: Springer, pp. 173–194. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73955-3_910.1007/978-3-030-73955-3_9
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Tsybulenko, E. & Platonova, A. (2022), ‘Current issues of Hague law,’ in S. Sayapin et al. (eds.) International Conflict and Security Law, The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-515-7_1810.1007/978-94-6265-515-7_18
]Search in Google Scholar
[
UK Campaign to Stop Killer Robots (2021), ‘Written evidence from the UK Campaign to Stop Killer Robots (TFP0028).’ Retrieved from https://committees.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/36624/pdf/ [accessed Nov 2022]
]Search in Google Scholar
[
UN Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 12 December 2019, A/RES/74/76, 23.12.2019.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
UN Resolution adopted by the Ge neral Assembly on 6 December 2021, A/RES/76/64, 14.12.2021.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Van den Boogaard, J. (2015), ‘Proportionality and autonomous weapons systems,’ Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 247–283. https://doi.org/10.1163/18781527-0060200710.1163/18781527-00602007
]Search in Google Scholar
[
White, M. (2004), ‘Equity—A general principle of law recognised by civilised nations,’ Queensland University of Technology Law and Justice Journal, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 103–116. https://doi.org/10.5204/qutlr.v4i1.17710.5204/qutlr.v4i1.177
]Search in Google Scholar
