[
Abdulrazak SA, Orden EA, Ichinohe T, Fujihara T (2000): Chemical Composition, Phenolic Concentration and Invitro Gas Production Characteristics of Selected Acacia Fruits and leaves. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science, 13 (7), 935-940.10.5713/ajas.2000.934
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Adeniyi SA, Orijekwe CL, Ehiagbonare JE (2009): Determination of Effect of supplementation with Four Multi-Purpose Tree and Labab purpureus on Rumen Microbial Population Rumen Fermentation, Digesta Kinectics and Microbial Supply of Sheep and Maize Stover and ad libitum. Proceedings of 18th Annual Conference of Nigeria Society of Animal Production.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Adepoju OT (2012): Nutrient Composition, Anti-nutritional Factors and Contribution of Enriched Dry Guinea Corn (Sorghum sp.) Leaf Extract to Nutrient Intake of Nigeria Consumers. International Conference on Environmental, Biomedical and Biotechnology, 41, 23-27.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Aderemi FA, Nworgu FC (2007): Nutritional Status of Cassava Peels and Root Sieviate Biodegraded with Aspergillus Niger. American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, 2 (3), 308-311.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ahamefule FO, Ibeawuchi JA, Ibemere JC, Okpara M (2001): Digestibility and nitrogen balance studies in West African Dwarf sheep fed fortified cassava peel meal-poultry waste diets. Journal of Applied Chemistry and Agricultural Research, 7, 69-74.10.4314/jacar.v7i1.41128
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Akinfemi A, Adu OA, Doherty F (2010): Conversion of sorghum stover into animal feed with white-rot fungi: (Pleurotus ostreat). African Journal of Biotechnology, 9 (11), 1706-1712.10.5897/AJB10.1453
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Akinmutimi AH, Essien UN, Nwagboso (2009): Effect of Processing of Proximate
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Minerals and Gross Energy Composition of Velvet beans (Mucuna Sloanei). Proceedings of 14th annual conference of Nigeria Society for Animal Production, 223-224.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Aletor VA (1993): Allelochemicals in plant foods and feeding Stuffs. Part alkaloids and oxalates in some selected food samples in Nigeria. Veterinary Human Toxicology, 35 (1), 57-67
]Search in Google Scholar
[
AOAC. (2002): Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official Methods of Analysis, 17th ed. Published by Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington D.C.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ardiansynah K, Wiryawanb G, Kartib PDMH (2016): Silage Quality of Sorghum Harvested at Different Times and Its Combination with Mixed Legumes or Concentrate Evaluated in Vitro Media Peternakan, 39 (1), 53-60.10.5398/medpet.2016.39.1.53
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Babayemi OJ (2005): In Vitro fermentation characteristics and acceptability by West African dwarf goat of some dry season forages. African Journal of Biotechnology, 6(10), 1260-1265.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Babayemi OJ, Bankole MA (2006): Effects of Tephrosia candid DC leaf and its mixtures with Guinea grass on in invitro fermentation changes as feed for ruminants in Nigeria. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 5(1), 14-18.10.3923/pjn.2006.14.18
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Babayemi OJ, Demeyer D, Fievez V (2004a): Nutritive value and qualitative assessment of secondary compounds in seeds of eight tropical browse, shrub and pulse legumes. Communications in Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, 69(1), 103-110.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Babayemi OJ, Demeyer D, Fievez V (2004b): In vitro fermentation of tropical browse seeds in relation to their content of secondary metabolite. Journal of Animal Feed Science, 13(1), 31-34.10.22358/jafs/70754/2004
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Babayemi OJ (2009): Nutrient value and in vitro gas production of African wild cocoyam {colocasia esculentum} African Journal of Food Agricultural Nutritional Development, 9(1), 593-607.10.4314/ajfand.v9i1.19215
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bailey CA, Fazzino JJ, Jr Ziehr MS, Sattar, Haq AU, Odvody G, Porter JK (1999): Evaluation of sorghum ergot toxicity in broilers Poultry Science, 78(10), 1391-1397 http://doi.org/10.1093/ps/78,10.139110.1093/ps/78.10.1391
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bakshi MPS, Wadhwa M (2004): Evaluation of forest leaves of semi-hilly arid regions livestock feed. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science, 95, 93-164.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Blummel M,Becker K (1997): The Degradability Characteristics of Fifty-Four Roughages and Roughage Neutral Detergent Fibre as Described in In Vitro Gas Production and their Relationship to Involintary Feed Intake. British Journal of Nutrition, 77: 757-76810.1079/BJN19970073
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Blummel M, Orskov ER (1993): Comparison of in vitro gas production and nylon bag technique degradability of roughages in predicting feed intake in cattle. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 40, 109-119.10.1016/0377-8401(93)90150-I
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Calabro S, Tudisco M, Grossi F, Bovera MI, Cutrignelli A, Guglielmelli V, Piccolo F, Infascelli F (2010): In vitro fermentation characteristics of corn and sorghum silage. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/41394346
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Costa RF, Daniel AD, Assis P, Almeida MM, Santos JA, Rodrigues VR, Junior R, Daniella CT (2016): In situ degradability of dry matter and fibrous fraction of sorghum Silage Acta Scientiarum.Animal Sciences Maringa, 38, 171-176.10.4025/actascianimsci.v38i2.29576
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Di Marco O.N.MA Ressia ON, Ariasb, S, Aello MS,Arzadunc M (2009): Digestibility of forage siliage from grain,sweet and bmr sorghum types: Comparison of in vivo,in situ and in vitro data. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 153, 161-168.10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2009.06.003
]Search in Google Scholar
[
D’Mello JPF (2000): Anti-nutritional Factors and Mycotoxins. In: Farm Animal Metabolism and Nutrition, JPF D’Mello (ed.). CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 383-403.10.1079/9780851993782.0383
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Etuk EB (2008): Nutrient composition and feeding value of sorghum for turkeys.PhD Thesis,Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Fadiyimu AA, Fajemisin AN, Alokan JA (2011): Chemical composition of selected browse plants and their acceptability by West African Dwarf sheep. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 23, 256.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Faniyi, T. O., Prates, E. R., Adegbeye, M. J., Adewumi, M. K., Elghandour, M., Salem, A. Z. M., Ritt, L., Zubieta, A., Stella, L., Ticiana, E., Jack, A., 2019. Prediction of biogas and pressure from rumen Fermentation using plant extract to enhance biodigestibility and mitigate biogasses. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26, 27043–27051.10.1007/s11356-019-05585-131313228
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Faniyi, T.O., Adewumi, M.K., Jack, A.A., Adegbeye M.J., Elghandour M.M.Y., Barbabosa- Pliego, A., Salem, A.Z.M. 2021. Extracts of herbs and spices as feed additives mitigate ruminal methane production and improve fermentation characteristics in West African Dwarf sheep. Tropical Animal Health and Production 53: 312 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-021-02751-x33966126
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Fievez V, Babayemi OJ, Demeyer D (2005): Estimation of direct and indirect gas production in syringes:a tool to estimate short chain fatty acid. Flours. Cereal Chemistry, 61, 435-438.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Getachew G, Makkar HPS, Becker K (1999): Stoichiometric relationship between short chain fatty acids and in vitro gas production in presence and polythyleneglycol for tannin containing browses. EAAP Satellite Symposium.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Harbone JB (1973): Phytochemical Methods. London. Chapman and Hall Limited.49, 188.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Harinarayana G, Melkania NP, Reddy BV, Gupta SK, Rai KN, Kumar S (2003): Forage potential of sorghum and pearl millet. Oar.icrisat.org/4394/1/Forage_potential_of_sorghum_and_pearl_millet.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kamalak A, Canbolat O, Gurubuz Y, Ozay O (2005): Comparison of in vitro gas production technique with in situ nylon bag technique to estimate dry matter degradation. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 50(2), 60 – 67.10.17221/3996-CJAS
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kankuka FG, Carew SN, Yaakugh ID, Torkpa BI, Okpanachi O (2005): The nutritive value of the seed of snake guord (Tricosanthes cucumerrna), amino acid profile and anti-nutritive factors contents. Proceedings of the 30th annual conference of Nigeria society for Animal Production, volume 30, 201 – 203.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kampa, Wanapat, (2006): Supplementation of urea and malate in concentration containing high cassava chip on rumen ecology and milk production in lactating cows. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 5(6): 530 – 535.10.3923/pjn.2006.530.535
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kumar R (2011): Antinutritional factors, the potential risk of toxicity and methods to alleviate them. FAO booklet.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
LAR (1999): Code and description of crop varieties released by Institute of Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru, Federal Ministry of Science and Technology, Abuja, 14 – 15.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Makkar HPS, Goodchild MO (1996): A bioassay for polyphenol (tannin in Vercauteren, J., Cheze, C., Dumon, M. C. (Eds), Proceedings of the International Conference of polyphenols. Polyphenols Community, 96(1), 197 – 198.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Maunder B (2002): Sorghum – The global grain of the future. http://www.sorghumgrowers.com/maunder.htm (Accessed June 12, 2015)
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Menke KH, Steingass H (1988): Estimation of the Energetic Fed Value from metabolites. Journal of Animal Feed Science, 13(1), 31-34.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Menke KH, Raab, L, Salewski, A, Steingass H, Fritz D, Schneider W (1979): The estimation of the digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminants feedstuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor in vitro. Journal of Agricultural Science Cambridge, 92, 217-222.10.1017/S0021859600086305
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Nitipot P, Sommar, K (2003): Evaluation of Ruminant Nutritive Value of Cassava Starch Industry By-Products, Energy Feed Sources and Roughages Using In vitro Gas Production Technique. In: Proceeding of Annual Agricultural Seminar for year 2003, 179-190.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Njidda AA (2010): Chemical composition, fibre fraction and anti-nutritional substances of semi-arid browse forages of north-eastern Nigeria. Nigeria Journal of Basic and Applied Science, 18(2), 181-188.10.4314/njbas.v18i2.64308
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Norton, B.W. (2003). The nutritive values of trees legumes as dietary supplement for ruminants in: Forage tree legumes in Tropical Agriculture. Editors Gutterrigde, R.C. and Shelton, H.M.171-191.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Obadoni BO, Ochuko PO (2001): Phytochemical studies and comparative efficacy of the crude extracts of some homostatic plants in Edo and Delta states of Nigeria. Global Journal of Pure Applied Science, 8(6), 203-208.10.4314/gjpas.v8i2.16033
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ogunbusoye DO, Babayemi OJ (2010): Voluntary intake of Non-legume fodders offered simultaneously to West African Dwarf goats for a period of six hours. Proceedings from 35th Conference of Nigerian Society for Animal Production; 14-17th March, 2010, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 518-520.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Onwuka CFI (1992): Hrdrocyanic acid content of tropical browse and their influence on the performance of goats. Food Chemistry, 45, 5-10.10.1016/0308-8146(92)90003-K
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Orskov ER, McDonald I (1979): The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurement weighted according to rate of passage. Journal of Agricultural Science Cambridge, 92, 499-503.10.1017/S0021859600063048
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ranhjan SK (1993): Animal Nutrition and feeding practices. 4th edition vikcas publishing House. PVT Ltd. New Delhi, India, 142-150.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Robert JBS (2017): Determining Forage Quality: Understanding Feed Analysis. Penn State College of Agricultural sciences publication.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Salem HB, Nefzaoui A, Makkar HPS, Hochlef H, Salem IB, Salem LB (2005). Effect of Early Experience and Adaptation Period on Voluntary Intake, Digestion and Growth in Barbarine Lambs Given Tannin Containing (Acacia cyanophylla Lindl. Foliage) or Tannin-free (Oater hag) Diets. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 122 (1-2), 59-77.10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.04.014
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Sallam SMA, Nasser MEA, El-Waziry AM, Bueno ICS, Abdalla AL (2007): Use of an In vitro Ruminant Gas Production Technique to Evaluate Some Ruminant Feedstuffs. Journal of Applied Sciences Resources, 3(1), 33-41.10.1017/S1752756200021219
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Soetan KO (2008): Pharmacological and other beneficial effects of anti-nutritional factors in plants- a review. African Journal of Biotechnology, 7(25), 4713-4721.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Soetan KO, Oyewole OE (2009): The need for adequate processing to reduce the anti-nutritional factors in plants used as human foods and animal feeds: A Review. African Journal of Food Science, 3(9), 223-232.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Sommart, K., Parker, P., Rowlinson, P. and Wanapat, M. (2000). Fermentation Characteristics and Microbial Protein Synthesis In vitro System Using Cassava, Rice Straw and Dried Ruzi Grass as Substrates. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science, 13, 1084-1093.10.5713/ajas.2000.1084
]Search in Google Scholar
[
SPSS (2011): Statistical Package for Social Scientist Statistics Version 23.0. USA: IBM SPSS Inc.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Subramanian V, Metta VC (2000): Sorghum grain for poultry feed. In: Technical and Institution Options for Sorghum Grain Mold Management. Proceed International Consultation. Chandrasher A, Bandyopadhayi R and Hall AJ (eds.). International Crop Research for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT). Patacheru 502-504, Andhra Pradesh, India, 242-247.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Tefreredgene, B. (2001): New perspectives on the use of tropical plants to improve ruminant nutrition. The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, (59), 209-214.10.1017/S0029665100000239
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA (1991): Method for dietary fibre, neutral detergent fibre and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 3583-3597.10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-21660498
]Search in Google Scholar
