Head and Neck Cancer Literacy in Nigeria: A systematic Review of the Literature

[1] Inchingolo F, Santacroce L, Ballini A, Topi S, Dipalma G, et al. Oral Cancer: A Historical Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(9):3168.10.3390/ijerph17093168 Search in Google Scholar

[2] Folz BJ, Silver CE, Rinaldo A, Fagan JJ, Pratt LW, et al. An outline of the history of head and neck oncology. Oral Oncol. 2008;44(1):2-9.10.1016/j.oraloncology.2007.05.007 Search in Google Scholar

[3] Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, Ferlay J, Ward E, Forman D. Global cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin. 2011 Mar-Apr;61(2):69-90. Erratum in: CA Cancer J Clin. 2011;61(2):134. Search in Google Scholar

[4] Pulte D, Brenner H. Changes in survival in head and neck cancers in the late 20th and early 21st century: a period analysis. Oncologist. 2010;15(9):994-1001.10.1634/theoncologist.2009-0289 Search in Google Scholar

[5] Pai SI, Westra WH. Molecular pathology of head and neck cancer: implications for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Annu Rev Pathol 2009;4:49-70.10.1146/annurev.pathol.4.110807.092158 Search in Google Scholar

[6] Hah PJ, Lydiatt W. Treatment of Cancer of the Head and Neck, Ca. A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 1995;45:352–368.10.3322/canjclin.45.6.352 Search in Google Scholar

[7] Shah PJ, Patel S, Singh B. Mosby. Jatin Shah’s Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology, 4th edition; 2012. Search in Google Scholar

[8] Tobias JS. Cancer of the head and neck. BMJ 1994;308(6934):961-6.10.1136/bmj.308.6934.961 Search in Google Scholar

[9] National Cancer Institute. Head and neck cancers. Available from: https://www.cancer.gov/types/headand-neck/head-neck-fact-sheet. Accessed 20 Jan. 2021. Search in Google Scholar

[10] Cancer.Net. Head and neck cancer: introduction. Available from: https://www.cancer.net/cancertypes/head-and-neck-cancer/introduction. Accessed 20 Jan. 2021. Search in Google Scholar

[11] Gandini S, Botteri E, Iodice S, Boniol M, Lowenfels AB, et al. Tobacco smoking and cancer: a metaanalysis. Int J Cancer. 2008;122(1):155-64.10.1002/ijc.23033 Search in Google Scholar

[12] Hashibe M, Boffetta P, Zaridze D, Shangina O, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, et al. Evidence for an important role of alcohol- and aldehyde-metabolizing genes in cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006;15(4):696-703.10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0710 Search in Google Scholar

[13] Hashibe M, Brennan P, Benhamou S, Castellsague X, Chen C, et al. Alcohol drinking in never users of tobacco, cigarette smoking in never drinkers, and the risk of head and neck cancer: pooled analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2007;99(10):777- 89. Erratum in: J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008 Feb 6;100(3):225. Fernandez, Leticia [added]. Search in Google Scholar

[14] Boffetta P, Hecht S, Gray N, Gupta P, Straif K. Smokeless tobacco and cancer. Lancet Oncol. 2008;9(7):667-75.10.1016/S1470-2045(08)70173-6 Search in Google Scholar

[15] Chaturvedi AK, Engels EA, Pfeiffer RM, Hernandez BY, Xiao W, et al. Human papillomavirus and rising oropharyngeal cancer incidence in the United States. J Clin Oncol. 2011 Nov 10;29(32):4294-301.10.1200/JCO.2011.36.4596322152821969503 Search in Google Scholar

[16] Adelstein DJ, Ridge JA, Gillison ML, Chaturvedi AK, D’Souza G, et al. Head and neck squamous cell cancer and the human papillomavirus: summary of a National Cancer Institute State of the Science Meeting, November 9-10, 2008, Washington, D.C. Head Neck. 2009 Nov;31(11):1393-422.10.1002/hed.2126919787782 Search in Google Scholar

[17] Gillison ML, D’Souza G, Westra W, Sugar E, Xiao W, et al. Distinct risk factor profiles for human papillomavirus type 16-positive and human papillomavirus type 16-negative head and neck cancers. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008;100(6):407-20.10.1093/jnci/djn02518334711 Search in Google Scholar

[18] Ho PS, Ko YC, Yang YH, Shieh TY, Tsai CC. The incidence of oropharyngeal cancer in Taiwan: an endemic betel quid chewing area. J Oral Pathol Med. 2002;31(4):213-9.10.1034/j.1600-0714.2002.310404.x12076324 Search in Google Scholar

[19] Goldenberg D, Lee J, Koch WM, Kim MM, Trink B, et al. Habitual risk factors for head and neck cancer. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004 Dec;131(6):986-93.10.1016/j.otohns.2004.02.03515577802 Search in Google Scholar

[20] Yu MC, Yuan JM. Epidemiology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Semin Cancer Biol. 2002;12(6):421-9.10.1016/S1044579X0200085812450728 Search in Google Scholar

[21] Guha N, Boffetta P, Wünsch Filho V, Eluf Neto J, Shangina O, et al. Oral health and risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and esophagus: results of two multicentric case-control studies. Am J Epidemiol. 2007;166(10):1159-73.10.1093/aje/kwm19317761691 Search in Google Scholar

[22] Boffetta P, Richiardi L, Berrino F, Estève J, Pisani P, et al. Occupation and larynx and hypopharynx cancer: an international case-control study in France, Italy, Spain, and Switzerland. Cancer Causes Control. 2003;14(3):203-12.10.1023/A:1023699717598 Search in Google Scholar

[23] Luce D, Leclerc A, Bégin D, Demers PA, Gérin M, et al. Sinonasal cancer and occupational exposures: a pooled analysis of 12 case-control studies. Cancer Causes Control. 2002;13(2):147-57.10.1023/A:1014350004255 Search in Google Scholar

[24] Luce D, Gérin M, Leclerc A, Morcet JF, Brugère J, Goldberg M. Sinonasal cancer and occupational exposure to formaldehyde and other substances. Int J Cancer. 1993;53(2):224-31.10.1002/ijc.29105302098425759 Search in Google Scholar

[25] Preston-Martin S, Thomas DC, White SC, Cohen D. Prior exposure to medical and dental x-rays related to tumors of the parotid gland. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1988;80(12):943-9.10.1093/jnci/80.12.9433398070 Search in Google Scholar

[26] Horn-Ross PL, Ljung BM, Morrow M. Environmental factors and the risk of salivary gland cancer. Epidemiology. 1997;8(4):414-9.10.1097/00001648-199707000-00011 Search in Google Scholar

[27] Chien YC, Chen JY, Liu MY, Yang HI, Hsu MM, et al. Serologic markers of Epstein-Barr virus infection and nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Taiwanese men. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(26):1877-82.10.1056/NEJMoa011610 Search in Google Scholar

[28] Hamilton-Dutoit SJ, Therkildsen MH, Neilsen NH, Jensen H, Hansen JP, Pallesen G. Undifferentiated carcinoma of the salivary gland in Greenlandic Eskimos: demonstration of Epstein-Barr virus DNA by in situ nucleic acid hybridization. Hum Pathol. 1991;22(8):811-5.10.1016/0046-8177(91)90210-G Search in Google Scholar

[29] Chan JK, Yip TT, Tsang WY, Poon YF, Wong CS, Ma VW. Specific association of Epstein-Barr virus with lymphoepithelial carcinoma among tumors and tumorlike lesions of the salivary gland. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1994;118(10):994-7. Search in Google Scholar

[30] Erinoso OA, Okoturo E, Gbotolorun OM, Effiom OA, Awolola NA, et al. Emerging Trends in the Epidemiological Pattern of Head and Neck Cancers in Lagos, Nigeria. Ann Med Health Sci Res. 2016;6(5):301-307.10.4103/amhsr.amhsr_30_16541444328503348 Search in Google Scholar

[31] da Lilly-Tariah OB, Somefun AO, Adeyemo WL. Current evidence on the burden of head and neck cancers in Nigeria. Head Neck Oncol. 2009;1:14.10.1186/1758-3284-1-14269419219476614 Search in Google Scholar

[32] Kanmodi KK, Kanmodi PA. Rising prevalence of head and neck cancer risk factors among Nigerian adolescents: A call for school-based intervention programmes. Popul Med. 2020;2(May):13.10.18332/popmed/120970 Search in Google Scholar

[33] Ajayi OO. Cancer in Africa. In: Olatunbosun DA, editor. Cancer in Africa Proceedings of a workshop of the West African College of Physicians; 1981. pp. 168–169. Search in Google Scholar

[34] Owor R. Cancer as seen in east Africa. In: Olatunbosun DA, editor. Cancer in Africa Proceedings of a workshop of the West African College of Physicians; 1981. pp. 33–49. Search in Google Scholar

[35] Adeloye D, Auta A, Fawibe A, Gadanya M, Ezeigwe N, et al. Current prevalence pattern of tobacco smoking in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):1719.10.1186/s12889-019-8010-8692586431864324 Search in Google Scholar

[36] Ajayi AI, Owolabi EO, Olajire OO. Alcohol use among Nigerian university students: prevalence, correlates and frequency of use. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):752.10.1186/s12889-019-7104-7656759731196039 Search in Google Scholar

[37] Kanmodi K, Fagbule O, Ogunniyi K, Ogbeide M, Samuel V, et al. Determinants of sexual practices among secondary school students in Nigeria: Focusing on socio-cultural and school-related factors. Rwanda Med J 2020;77(4):32-37. Search in Google Scholar

[38] Otoh EC, Johnson NW, Danfillo IS, Adeleke OA, Olasoji HA. Primary head and neck cancers in North Eastern Nigeria. West Afr J Med. 2004;23(4):305-13. Search in Google Scholar

[39] Somefun OA, Nwawolo CC, Okeowo PA, Alabi SB, Abdul-Kareem FB, et al. Prognostic factors in the management outcome of carcinoma of the larynx in Lagos. Niger Postgrad Med J. 2003;10(2):103-6. Search in Google Scholar

[40] Sowemimo GO, Ademiluyi SA, Oyeneyin JO. Salivary gland tumours. Niger Med J. 1978;8(2):119-23. PMID: 206069. Search in Google Scholar

[41] Ketiku KK, Igbinoba F, Okeowo PA. Nasopharyngeal cancer in Nigeria – A revisit. Niger Postgrad Med J. 1998;5:7–11. Search in Google Scholar

[42] Lilly-Tariah da OB, Somefun OA. Outcome of total laryngectomy in the treatment of cancer of the larynx in the middle belt plateau of Nigeria. Nig J Surg. 2002;8:35–38. Search in Google Scholar

[43] Adebola RA, Bamgbose BO, Adeoye JB, Amole TG. Awareness of oral cancer in a northwestern Nigerian State: Assessing the knowledge, opinion, and practice of traditional healers and herbalists. J Oral Oncol. 2013;263150.10.1155/2013/263150 Search in Google Scholar

[44] Adebola RA, Akaji EA, Bamgbose BO, Adeoye JB. Awareness and knowledge of oral cancer amongst dental therapists in Nigeria: A pilot study. Niger Dent J. 2014;22(2):60-66. Search in Google Scholar

[45] Lawal FB, Bankole OO. Oral health awareness and practices of primary school teachers in Ibadan, Nigeria. J West Afr Coll Surg. 2014;4(2):47-65. Search in Google Scholar

[46] Ogundipe OK, Ilesanmi OS, Adegbulu AJ. Predictors of Knowledge of Risk Factors of Oral Cancer among Patients Seeking Dental Treatment in a Nigerian Tertiary Institution. Dent Health Curr Res. 2015;1:2. Search in Google Scholar

[47] Gbotolorun OM, Eweka O, Lawal A, Fadeyibi O,Emeka CI. Knowledge, opinions, and practices about oral cancer among general medical practit ioners in Lagos, Nigeria. J Oral Res Rev 2015;7(1):6-11.10.4103/2249-4987.160169 Search in Google Scholar

[48] Abiodun-Solanke F, Opeodu O, Ajayi M. Awareness of dental diseases and oral health behaviour among dental and medical students of a Nigerian university. J Stomatol 2016;69(3):325-336.10.5604/00114553.1217128 Search in Google Scholar

[49] Oyapero A, Akinleye AI, Owoturo EO. Knowledge and awareness about oral cancer: A descriptive study in Lagos state. Edorium J Epidemiol 2016;2:1–12. Search in Google Scholar

[50] Abah AA, Oyapero A. Knowledge of Predisposing Factors to Oral Cancer among Health Workers in Tertiary Health Institutions in Lagos, Nigeria- A pilot study. LASU J Med Sci. 2017;2(2):11-16. Search in Google Scholar

[51] Adeniyi BO, Ilesanmi OS, Babasola OM, Awokola BI, Kareem AO, et al. Knowledge of the health consequences of tobacco smoking among Nigerian smokers: A secondary analysis of the Global Tobacco Survey. Afr J Thoracic Critical Care Med 2017;23(4):113-121. Search in Google Scholar

[52] Kanmodi KK, Amoo BA, Sopeju AE, Adeniyi OR. Oral cancer and oral sex: awareness and practice among nursing students in Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria. Asian J Med Health. 2017;2(4):AJMAH.29935.10.9734/AJMAH/2017/29935 Search in Google Scholar

[53] Kanmodi KK, Fagbule FO. Does head and neck cancer (HNC) education have impact on adolescents‟ knowledge and attitude towards HNC and HNC peer education? An example from Nigeria. Int J Child Adolesc Health. 2018;11(3):343-7. Search in Google Scholar

[54] Kanmodi KK, Fagbule OF, Aladelusi TO. Prevalence of shisha (waterpipe) smoking and awareness of head and neck cancer among Nigerian secondary school students: A preliminary survey. Int Public Health J. 2018;10(2):210-4. Search in Google Scholar

[55] Kanmodi KK, Mohammed AF, Omoleke SA, Njideka NJ, Fagbule OF, et al. Head and neck cancer risk factors among a pilot sample of Nigerian shisha smokers: Focus on oral sex, tobacco, alcohol, and knowledge of head and neck cancer. J Dent Orofac Res. 2019;15(2):49-57. Search in Google Scholar

[56] Lawal FB, Fagbule OF. Knowledge of school-going adolescents about the oral effects of tobacco usage in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria. Int Q Community Health Educ. 2020;40(4):337-343.10.1177/0272684X1989673031865853 Search in Google Scholar

[57] Kanmodi KK, Nnebedum N, Bello M, Adesina M, Fagbule OF, Adesoye O. Head and neck cancer awareness: A survey of young people in international communities. Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2019;20180231.10.1515/ijamh-2018-023131778362 Search in Google Scholar

[58] Kanmodi KK, Ogbeide ME, Fagbule OF, Omoleke SA, Isola TO, Ogundipe PA. Do college freshmen know about head and neck cancer and its risk factors? Experience from Gwadabawa, Nigeria. Int J Med Res Health Sci. 2019;8(9):111-6. Search in Google Scholar

[59] Kanmodi KK, Ogbeide ME, Fagbule OF, Isola TO, Kanmodi PA, et al. Knowledge of HPV, HPV-induced cancers, and HPV vaccine among a sample of freshmen in a northwestern Nigeria monotechnic. Int J Med Res Health Sci. 2019;8(12):110-5. Search in Google Scholar

[60] Oluwole EO, Idowu OM, Adejimi AA, Balogun MR, Osanyin GE. Knowledge, attitude and uptake of human papillomavirus vaccination among female undergraduates in Lagos State, Nigeria. J Family Med Prim Care. 2019;8(11):3627-3633.10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_520_19688195931803664 Search in Google Scholar

[61] Fagbule OF, Kanmodi KK, Aliemeke EO, Ogunniyi KE, Ogbeide M, et al. Knowledge of HPV and HPV vaccines among senior secondary (high) school students in Nigeria: Implications on cancer prevention strategies, CHANCE Study. Popul Med. 2020;2(October):31.10.18332/popmed/127237 Search in Google Scholar

[62] Kanmodi KK, Chidiebere O, Nwafor NJ, Amoo BA. Knowledge of HPV, HPV-induced cancers, and HPV vaccine among university students in medical laboratory science disciplines: Nigerian study. J Obstet Gynecol Investig. 2020;3:e1-e7.10.5114/jogi.2020.94420 Search in Google Scholar

[63] Kanmodi KK, Osunro KS, Nwafor NJ, Kanmodi PA. Impact of head and neck cancer (HNC) education on HNC knowledge and attitudes toward HNC peer and non-peer education: A school-based pilot study. Yen Med J. 2020;2(2):47-55. Search in Google Scholar

[64] Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG; PRISMA Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. PLoS Med 2009;6(7):e1000097.10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097270759919621072 Search in Google Scholar

[65] Downes MJ, Brennan ML, Williams HC, Dean RS. Development of a critical appraisal tool to assess the quality of cross-sectional studies (AXIS). BMJ Open. 2016;6(12):e011458.10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011458516861827932337 Search in Google Scholar

[66] Kanmodi KK. Dentists‟ role in clinical tobacco cessation interventions: The status in Nigeria. Popul Med. 2020;2(November):37.10.18332/popmed/128323 Search in Google Scholar

[67] Kanmodi KK, Kanmodi PA. Rising prevalence of head and neck cancer risk factors among Nigerian adolescents: A call for school-based intervention programmes. Popul Med. 2020;2(May):13.10.18332/popmed/120970 Search in Google Scholar

[68] Kanmodi KK, Kanmodi PA. Combatting the silent shisha epidemic in Nigeria: The need for public health education. Popul Med 2020;2(June):18.10.18332/popmed/120967 Search in Google Scholar

[69] Kanmodi KK, Fagbule OF. Towards head and neck cancer prevention in Nigeria: Insights from the CHANCE programme. Popul Med. 2020;2(June):16.10.18332/popmed/122454 Search in Google Scholar

[70] Kanmodi KK, Kanmodi PA. Stemming tobacco addiction in Nigeria: National programme on tobacco cessation is a neccesity and never an option. Yen Med J 2020;2(3):5-6. Search in Google Scholar

[71] Kanmodi KK, Kanmodi PA. Paucity of literatures on e-cigarette use (vaping) in sub-Saharan Africa: A wake-up call. Yen Med J. 2020;2(3):1-2. Search in Google Scholar

[72] Statista. Age distribution of population in Nigeria in 2019, by gender. Available from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1121317/age-distribution-of-population-in-nigeria-by-gender/. Accessed 21 Jan. 2020. Search in Google Scholar

[73] Nwafor NJ, Kanmodi KK, Amoo BA. How enlightening and reliable are cancer–related posts on social media platforms? Opinions of a sample of Nigerians. J Health Allied Sci. 2021;00:1-6. Available from: Head and neck cancer literacy in Nigeria 49 https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/pdf/10.1055/s-0041-1729776.pdf. Accessed 06 Jun. 2021. Search in Google Scholar

[74] Kanmodi KK, Adegbile OE, Ogidan IO, Kanmodi PA. What are we learning on social media about shisha? A case study of top 50 short English YouTube shisha videos. Yen Med J. 2020;2(4):38-47. Search in Google Scholar