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Digital workflow to fabricate a 3D-printed monobloc mandibular advancement appliance for primary snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea

May Nak Lau

May Nak Lau

Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Lau, May Nak
, 
Kah Shin Ong

Kah Shin Ong

Cahaya Suria Dental ClinicKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Ong, Kah Shin
, 
Cheng Lin Chong

Cheng Lin Chong

We Smile Dental ClinicKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Chong, Cheng Lin
 y 
Priyantha Lee Yek Pang

Priyantha Lee Yek Pang

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Pang, Priyantha Lee Yek
  
07 jul 2025
Digital workflow to fabricate a 3D-printed monobloc mandibular advancement appliance for primary snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea's Cover Image
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Publicado en línea: 07 jul 2025
Páginas: 256 - 267
Recibido: 01 feb 2025
Aceptado: 01 may 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aoj-2025-0019
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© 2025 May Nak Lau et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1.

Virtual model with bite scanned at 50% of the maximum mandibular protrusive excursion and 5 mm interincisal vertical opening.
Virtual model with bite scanned at 50% of the maximum mandibular protrusive excursion and 5 mm interincisal vertical opening.

Figure 2.

Marking of the extension of the plate on casts and its designated view.
Marking of the extension of the plate on casts and its designated view.

Figure 3.

Addition of bilateral bars from canines to second molars.
Addition of bilateral bars from canines to second molars.

Figure 4.

A, Final virtual MAA design; B, View of the virtual MAA with supports on the model-building platform.
A, Final virtual MAA design; B, View of the virtual MAA with supports on the model-building platform.

Figure 5.

A, 3D-printed MAA right lateral view; B, 3D-printed MAA frontal view; C, 3D-printed MAA left lateral view.
A, 3D-printed MAA right lateral view; B, 3D-printed MAA frontal view; C, 3D-printed MAA left lateral view.

Figure 6.

A, Patient’s right lateral occlusal view; B, Patient’s frontal occlusal view; C, Patient’s left lateral occlusal view.
A, Patient’s right lateral occlusal view; B, Patient’s frontal occlusal view; C, Patient’s left lateral occlusal view.

Figure 7.

A, Marking of the extension; B, Virtual appliance following the marking.
A, Marking of the extension; B, Virtual appliance following the marking.

Figure 8.

A, Bars addition; B, Virtual MAA design; C, 3D-printed MAA; D, Intraoral photographs of the MAA.
A, Bars addition; B, Virtual MAA design; C, 3D-printed MAA; D, Intraoral photographs of the MAA.

Figure 9.

A, Extension of the bars to the lateral incisors; B, Virtual MAA design; C, View of the virtual MAA with supports on model-building platform.
A, Extension of the bars to the lateral incisors; B, Virtual MAA design; C, View of the virtual MAA with supports on model-building platform.

Figure 10.

A, The 3D-printed MAA; B, Patient wearing the 3D-printed MAA.
A, The 3D-printed MAA; B, Patient wearing the 3D-printed MAA.

Patients’ demographics and baseline data

Patient Age Gender Ethnicity BMI NC Diagnosis AHI Mean Lowest Oxygen Saturation Incisor relationship Sagittal Skeletal Pattern Vertical Skeletal Pattern
1 32 Male Chinese Normal Normal Primary snorer NA NA Class I Class I Normodivergent
2 33 Male Chinese Normal Normal Primary snorer NA NA Class I Class I Normodivergent
3 38 Female Chinese Normal Normal Mild OSA 11.2 89% Class I Class II Normodivergent

Sleep parameters for patient 3

Date AHI Apnoea Hypopnoeas Sleep Architecture Respiratory Event Arousal Snore Index
TST (min) SE (%) S1 (%) S2 (%) S3 (%) REM (%) Mean Lowest Oxygen Sat. Oxygen Desat.
Before MAA Feb 2023 11.20 5 57 332.5 87.5 23.2 53.4 1.2 9.3 89% 5 5 2+
With MAA Nov 2023 4.62 0 26 338.0 89.5 10.0 44.0 26.0 20.0 94% 0 2 (all associated with hypopnoeas) 1
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