Fluoride ion emission, shear bond strength, and adhesive remnant index of calcium fluoride nanoparticles-containing orthodontic primer: an In Vitro study
Publicado en línea: 03 jun 2025
Páginas: 215 - 228
Recibido: 01 oct 2024
Aceptado: 01 abr 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aoj-2025-0016
Palabras clave
© 2025 Nurin Afrina Syasya Azren et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Objectives
This study investigated fluoride ion emission, shear bond strength (SBS), and the adhesive remnant index (ARI) of orthodontic primers containing varying percentages of calcium fluoride nanoparticles (nCaF2).
Methods
Four primers were prepared with nCaF2 concentrations of 0%, 20%, 30%, and 40%, mixed with Transbond XT primer (3M-Unitek, Monrovia, USA). Twenty-eight extracted upper premolars were equally divided into four groups, and bonded with orthodontic brackets using the respective primers following a standardised protocol. Fluoride ion emission was measured daily for two weeks, followed by assessments of SBS and ARI.
Results
The mean fluoride ion released was significantly different between the four groups. All groups showed higher initial fluoride ion levels, which later stabilised. Notably, only the primers with 40% nCaF2 consistently released fluoride ions above 0.010 ppm, reaching 0.014 ppm on most days and stabilising between 0.011 and 0.026 ppm from Day 6 to Day 14. SBS differed significantly between the groups [
Conclusions
Orthodontic primers with 40% nCaF2 maintained fluoride ion release levels that may be clinically effective in combating white spot lesions, without compromising the SBS and ARI.