Effect of encapsulated Cosmos caudatus leaf extract on the physiological conditions, immune competency, and antioxidative status of broilers at high stocking density

Abdullah A., Dhaliwal K.K., Roslan N.F.F., Lee C.H., Kalaiselvam M., Radman H.M., Saad Q.H.M., Yusof K., Jaarin K. (2015). The effect of Cosmos caudatus (Ulam Raja) on detoxifying enzymes in extrahepatic organs in mice. J. App. Pharm. Sci., 5: 82–88.Search in Google Scholar

Abo-Alqassem Z.M., Ahmed S.A., Ahmed E.A., El-Iraqi K.G. (2018). Effect of different stocking densities as an environmental stressing factor on broiler behaviour and performance. Benha Vet. Med. J., 34: 51–65.10.21608/bvmj.2018.29412Search in Google Scholar

Abudabos A.M., Samara E.M., Hussein E.O., Al-Ghadi A.Q.M. Al-Atiyat R.M. (2013). Impacts of stocking density on the performance and welfare of broiler chickens. Ital. J. Anim. Sci., 12: 66–71.10.4081/ijas.2013.e11Search in Google Scholar

Ahmed O.B., Mahmoud M., Mahmoud U., El-Bab M.F. (2016). Histomorphological changes associated with different doses of Chinese propolis in the bursa Fabricius of chickens. J. Adv. Vet. Res., 6: 1–6.Search in Google Scholar

Akbarian A., Michiels J., Degroote J., Majdeddin M., Golian A., De Smet S. (2016). Association between heat stress and oxidative stress in poultry; mitochondrial dysfunction and dietary interventions with phytochemicals. J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol., 7: 37.10.1186/s40104-016-0097-5Search in Google Scholar

Astaneh I.Y., Chamani M., Mousavi S.N., Sadeghi A.A., Afshar M.A. (2018). Effect of stocking density on performance and immunity in Ross 308 broiler chickens. Kafkas Univ. Vet. Fak. Derg., 24: 483–489.Search in Google Scholar

Cheng S.H., Barakatun-Nisak M.Y., Anthony J. (2015). Potential medicinal benefits of Cosmos caudatus (Ulam Raja): A scoping review. J. Res. Med. Sci., 20: 1000–1006.10.4103/1735-1995.172796Search in Google Scholar

Gholami M., Chamani M., Seidavi A., Sadeghi A.A., Aminafschar M. (2020). Effect of stocking density and climate region on performance, immunity, carcass characteristics, blood constitutes, and economical parameters of broiler chickens. Braz. J. Anim. Sci., 49: 1–16.10.37496/rbz4920190049Search in Google Scholar

Hosseini-Vashan S.J., Golian A., Yaghobfar A. (2015). Growth, immune, antioxidant, and bone responses of heat stress-exposed broilers fed diets supplemented with tomato pomace. Int. J. Biometeorol., 60: 1183–1192.10.1007/s00484-015-1112-9Search in Google Scholar

Houshmand M., Azhar K., Zulkifli I., Bejo M.H., Kamyab A. (2012). Effect of prebiotic, protein level and stocking density on performance, immunity, and stress indicators of broiler. Poultry Sci., 91: 393–401.10.3382/ps.2010-01050Search in Google Scholar

Iskender H., Yenice G., Dokumacioglu E., Kaynar O., Hayirli A., Kaya A. (2016). The effects of dietary flavonoid supplementation on the antioxidant status of laying hens. Rev. Bras. Cienc Avic, 18: 663–668.10.1590/1806-9061-2016-0356Search in Google Scholar

Isroli I., Yudiarti T., Widiastuti E., Sugiharto S. (2017). Probiotic Bacillus plus vitamins and minerals enhanced haemoglobin values and relative weight of ileum and improved feed conversion ratio of broilers during brooding period. Livest. Res. Rural Dev., 29: 11.Search in Google Scholar

Jeong S.B., Kim Y.B., Lee J.W., Kim D.H., Moon B.H., Chang H.H., Choi Y.H., Lee K.W. (2020). Role of dietary gamma-aminobutyric acid in broiler chickens raised under high stocking density. Anim. Nutr., 6: 293–304.10.1016/j.aninu.2020.03.008Search in Google Scholar

Jeyakumari A. (2016). Microencapsulation of bioactive food ingredients and controlled release – a review. MOJ Food Process. Tech., 2: 1–9.10.15406/mojfpt.2016.02.00059Search in Google Scholar

Karimy M.F., Julendra H., Sofyan Damayanti P. (2013). Efektifitas ekstrak daun kenikir (Cosmos caudatus), daun mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia), dan tepung cacing tanah (Lumbricus rubellus) dalam sediaan granul larut air sebagai koksidiostat alami terhadap infeksi Eimeria tenella pada ayam broiler (in Indonesian). JITV, 18: 88–98.Search in Google Scholar

Kiernan J.A. (2015). Histological and histochemical methods. Butterworth/Heinemann, Oxford, 5th. ed.Search in Google Scholar

Kim D.W., Hong E.C., Kim J.H., Bang H.T., Choi J.Y., Ji S.Y., Lee W.S., Kim S.H. (2015). Effect of dietary quercetin on growth performance, blood chemical parameter, immunoglobulin and blood antioxidant activity in broiler chicks (in Korean). Korean J. Poult. Sci., 42: 33–40.10.5536/KJPS.2014.42.1.33Search in Google Scholar

Kristeen-Teo Y.W., Yeap S.K., Tan S.W., Omar A.R., Ideris A., Tan S.G., Alitheen N.B. (2017). The effects of different velogenic NDV infections on the chicken bursa of Fabricius. BMC Vet. Res., 13: 151.10.1186/s12917-017-1071-ySearch in Google Scholar

Li W., Wei F., Xu B., Sun Q., Deng W., Ma H., Bai J., Li S. (2019). Effect of stocking density and alpha-lipoic acid on the growth performance, physiological and oxidative stress and immune response of broilers. Asian-Australas. J. Anim. Sci., 32: 1914–1922.10.5713/ajas.18.0939Search in Google Scholar

Liliswarianis N., Musa N.L.W., Zain M.Z.M.W., Kasim J., Karim S.A. (2011). Preliminary studies on phytochemical screening of ulam and fruit from Malaysia. E-J. Chem., 8: 285–288.10.1155/2011/464595Search in Google Scholar

Mayo M.A. (2002). Virus taxonomy-Houston. Arch Virol., 147: 1071–1076.10.1007/s007050200036Search in Google Scholar

Mishra M. (2016). Materials of natural origin for encapsulation, In: Handbook of encapsulation and controlled release, Mishra M. (Ed.). USA, CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, pp 493.10.1201/b19038-3Search in Google Scholar

Mosleh N., Shomali T., Nematollahi F., Ghahramani Z., Khafi M.S.A., Namazi F. (2018). Effect of different periods of chronic heat stress with or without vitamin C supplementation on bone and selected serum parameters of broiler chickens. Avian Pathol., 47: 197–205.10.1080/03079457.2017.1401212Search in Google Scholar

Nwaigwe C.U., Ihedioha J.I., Shoyinka S.V., Nwaigwe C.O. (2020). Evaluation of the hematological and clinical biochemical markers of stress in broiler chickens. Vet. World, 13: 2–8.10.14202/vetworld.2020.2294-2300Search in Google Scholar

Oke O.E., Oso A., Iyasere O.S., Odebowale T., Akanji T., Odusami O., Udehi S., Daramola J.O. (2020). Growth performance and physiological responses of helmeted guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) to different stocking densities in humid tropical environment. Agri. Trop. Subtrop., 53: 5–12.10.2478/ats-2020-0001Search in Google Scholar

Palizdar M.H., Pourelmi M.R., Tabrizi H.R., Seperh Z. (2016). The impact of acidifier in the diet of broiler chickens grown in high stocking densities on growth performance, immune system, and blood metabolites. J. Anim. Prod., 18: 95–106.Search in Google Scholar

Palizdar M.H., Daylami M.K., Poulermi M.R. (2017). Effects of high stocking density on growth performance, blood metabolites and immune response of broilers (ROSS 308). Livest. Sci., 8: 196–200.Search in Google Scholar

Pang S.F., Yusoff M.M., Gimbun J. (2014). Extraction and microencapsulation of polyphenol from Orthosiphon stamineus leaves. J. Mech. Eng. Sci., 7: 1033–1041.10.15282/jmes.7.2014.2.0100Search in Google Scholar

Park B.S., Um K.H., Park S.O., Zammit V.A. (2018). Growth performance physiological responses of helmeted guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) to different stocking densities in humid tropical environment. Arch. Anim. Breed, 61: 425–432.Search in Google Scholar

Qaid M., Albatshan H., Shafey H., Abudabos A.M. (2016). Effect of stocking density on the performance and immunity of 1–14 d old broiler chicks. Braz. J. Poult. Sci., 18: 1–10.10.1590/1806-9061-2016-0289Search in Google Scholar

Reddy D.M., Reddy G.V., Mandal P.K. (2018). Application of natural antioxidants in meat and meat products – a review. Food Nutr. J., 3: 173.10.29011/2575-7091.100073Search in Google Scholar

Reihani S.F.S., Azhar M.E. (2012). Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content in aqueous extracts of selected traditional Malay salads (ulam). Int. J. Food. Res., 19: 1439–1444.Search in Google Scholar

Salami S.A., Majoka M.A., Saha S., Garber A., Gabarrou J.F. (2015). Efficacy of dietary antioxidants on broiler oxidative stress, performance and meat quality: science and market. Avian Biol. Res., 8: 65–78.10.3184/175815515X14291701859483Search in Google Scholar

Saleh I., Trisnaningsih U., Dwirayani D., Syahadat R.M., Atmaja I.S.W. (2020). Analisis preferensi konsumen terhadap dua spesies kenikir; Cosmos caudatus dan Cosmos sulphureus (in Indonesian). Mahatani, 3: 196–204.10.52434/mja.v3i1.916Search in Google Scholar

Selvam R., Sarananakumar M., Suresh S., Sureshbabu G., Sasikumar M., Prashanth D. (2017). Effect of vitamin E supplementation and high stocking density on the performance and stress parameters of broilers. Rev. Bras. Cienc Avic., 19: 587–594.10.1590/1806-9061-2016-0417Search in Google Scholar

Simitzis P.E., Kalogeraki E., Goliomytis M., Charismiadou M.A., Trianaphyllopoulus K., Ayoutanti A. (2012). Impact of stocking density on broiler growth performance, meat characteristics, behavioural components and indicators of physiological and oxidative stress. Br. Poult. Sci., 53: 1–5.10.1080/00071668.2012.745930Search in Google Scholar

Sugiharto S., Turini Y., Isroli I., Widiastuti E., Wahyuni H.I., Sartono T.A. (2019). Fermented feed as a potential source of natural antioxidants for broiler chickens – a mini review. Agric. Conspec. Sci., 84: 313–318.Search in Google Scholar

Taghvaei M., Jafari S.M. (2015). Application and stability of natural antioxidants in edible oils in order to substitute synthetic additives. J. Food Sci. Technol., 52: 1272–1282.10.1007/s13197-013-1080-1Search in Google Scholar

Tóthová C., Sesztakova E., Bielik B., Nagy O. (2019). Changes of total protein and protein fractions in broiler chickens during the fattening period. Vet. World, 12: 598–604.10.14202/vetworld.2019.598-604Search in Google Scholar

Trucillo P., Campardelli R., Aliakbarian B., Perego P., Reverchon E. (2018). Supercritical assisted process for the encapsulation of olive pomace extract into liposomes. J. Supercrit. Fluids, 135: 152–159.10.1016/j.supflu.2018.01.018Search in Google Scholar

USDA [United States Department of Agriculture] (2020). Livestock and poultry: World markets and trade. Global Market Analysis, Foreign Agricultural Service.Search in Google Scholar

Vongsak B., Sithisarn P., Gritsanapan W. (2012). HPLC quantitative analysis of three major antioxidant components of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts. Planta Med., 78: 1252.10.1055/s-0032-1321175Search in Google Scholar

Wang M., Yu B., He J., Yu J., Luo Y.-H., Luo J.-Q., Mao X.-B., Chen D.-W. (2020). The toxicological effect of dietary excess of saccharicterpenin, the extract of camellia seed meal, in piglets. J. Integr. Agr., 10: 211–224.10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62789-9Search in Google Scholar

Yanai T., Abo-Samaha M.I., El-Kazaz S.E., Tohamy H.G. (2018). Effect of stocking density on productive performance, behaviour, and histopathology of the lymphoid organs in broiler chickens. Europ. Poult. Sci., 82: 1–15.10.1399/eps.2018.247Search in Google Scholar

Zhou Y., Mao S., Zhou M. (2019). Effect of the flavonoid baicalein as a feed additive on the growth performance, immunity, and antioxidant capacity of broiler chickens. Poultry Sci., 98: 2790–2799.10.3382/ps/pez071Search in Google Scholar