The trajectory of technological exchanges and modern communication technologies in the context of opening up to the outside world in the late Qing and early Republic of China

[1] Liu, X. (2020). Daoist Modern: innovation, lay practice, and the community of inner alchemy in Republican Shanghai (Vol. 313). BRILL. Search in Google Scholar

[2] Wasserstrom, J. N. (2018). Popular protest and political culture in modern China. Routledge. Search in Google Scholar

[3] Saari, J. L. (2020). Legacies of childhood: Growing up Chinese in a time of crisis, 1890–1920 (Vol. 136). BRILL. Search in Google Scholar

[4] Shi, L. (2019). Political History of the Qing Dynasty. DeepLogic. Search in Google Scholar

[5] Lin, K. H. E., Wang, P. K., Pai, P. L., Lin, Y. S., & Wang, C. W. (2020). Historical droughts in the Qing dynasty (1644–1911) of China. Climate of the Past, 16(3), 911-931. Search in Google Scholar

[6] Swope, K. M. (2017). Naval Technology, State Power and the Influence of Qi Jiguang in the Late Ming. The Maritime Defence of China: Ming General Qi Jiguang and Beyond, 201-216. Search in Google Scholar

[7] Schiffrin, H. (2023). Sun Yat-sen and the Origins of the Chinese Revolution. Univ of California press. Search in Google Scholar

[8] Chan, W. K. (2020). Merchants, mandarins, and modern enterprise in late Ch’ing China (Vol. 79). BRILL. Search in Google Scholar

[9] Kamachi, N. (2020). Reform in China (Vol. 95). BRILL. Search in Google Scholar

[10] Smith, R., Fairbank, J. K., & Bruner, K. (Eds.). (2020). Robert Hart and China’s Early Modernization: His Journals, 1863–1866 (Vol. 155). BRILL. Search in Google Scholar

[11] Wang, D. D. W., & Wei, S. (Eds.). (2020). Dynastic Crisis and Cultural Innovation: From the Late Ming to the Late Qing and Beyond (Vol. 249). BRILL. Search in Google Scholar

[12] Ren, X., Li, B., & Shi, D. (2018). “ Western Imitation” in modern China’s urban planning practice between the Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Republic of China (1860-1927). International Planning History Society Proceedings, 18(1), 1004-1012. Search in Google Scholar

[13] Chen, H. (2021). TECHNOLOGY FOR RE-ENGINEERING THE QING EMPIRE. Icon, 26(1), 10-43. Search in Google Scholar

[14] Fang, X. The Integration of Chinese Educational Teaching and Machine Learning Technologies in Cross-Cultural Exchange during the Late Qing and Early Republican Periods. Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences, 9(1). Search in Google Scholar

[15] Zhang, C., Huang, J., Zhu, T., & Zhang, R. (2021). Guangzhou Tongcao painting in late China Qing Dynasty (1840–1912 AD): technology revealed by analytical approaches. Heritage Science, 9, 1-10. Search in Google Scholar

[16] Fong, S. Y. (2022). Guns, Boats, and Diplomacy: Late Qing China and the World’s Naval Technology. Columbia University. Search in Google Scholar

[17] Shi, Y. (2021). From the Western Techniques to the Imperial Techniques: Official Absorption of Western Astronomy in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Western Influences in the History of Science and Technology in Modern China: History of Science and Technology in China Volume 5, 109-162. Search in Google Scholar