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Aqueous sage leave extract attenuates inflammation and oxidant-induced genotoxicity in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Ana Valenta Šobot
Ana Valenta Šobot
, 
Marijana Janić
Marijana Janić
, 
Iva Popović
Iva Popović
, 
Tamara Lazarević-Pašti
Tamara Lazarević-Pašti
, 
Tatjana Momić
Tatjana Momić
, 
Aleksandar Krstić
Aleksandar Krstić
 y 
Jelena Filipović Tričković
Jelena Filipović Tričković
   | 29 jun 2024
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Article Category: Original article
Publicado en línea: 29 jun 2024
Páginas: 137 - 146
Recibido: 01 mar 2024
Aceptado: 01 may 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2024-75-3836
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© 2024 Ana Valenta Šobot et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Scavenging properties of aqueous sage extract determined with the DPPH• (A) and ABTS•+ assay (B) and expressed as a percentage of inhibition compared to control
Scavenging properties of aqueous sage extract determined with the DPPH• (A) and ABTS•+ assay (B) and expressed as a percentage of inhibition compared to control

Figure 2

Viability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells treated with different concentrations (0.075–2.25 mg/mL) of aqueous sage extract for 24 h compared to untreated control. **P<0.01; ***P<0.001
Viability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells treated with different concentrations (0.075–2.25 mg/mL) of aqueous sage extract for 24 h compared to untreated control. **P<0.01; ***P<0.001

Figure 3

Glutathione reductase activity (mU/mL) in untreated control whole blood samples and those treated with increasing concentrations of aqueous sage extract. **P<0.01; ***P<0.001
Glutathione reductase activity (mU/mL) in untreated control whole blood samples and those treated with increasing concentrations of aqueous sage extract. **P<0.01; ***P<0.001

Figure 4

Prooxidant-antioxidant balance in untreated (control) peripheral blood mononuclear cells vs those treated with H2O2, aqueous sage extract, and their combination (presented as a percentage of untreated control). *P<0.05; ***P<0.001 – treatments vs. untreated control. ###P<0.001 – sage pre-treatments vs. H2O2 treatment
Prooxidant-antioxidant balance in untreated (control) peripheral blood mononuclear cells vs those treated with H2O2, aqueous sage extract, and their combination (presented as a percentage of untreated control). *P<0.05; ***P<0.001 – treatments vs. untreated control. ###P<0.001 – sage pre-treatments vs. H2O2 treatment

Figure 5

Micronucleus frequency in peripheral blood cells: untreated controls, H2O2-treated, sage extract-treated, and pre-treated with sage extract followed by H2O2 (presented as a percentage of untreated control). *P<0.05, ***P<0.001 – treated vs. control cells. ###P<0.001 – sage extract pre-treatment vs. H2O2 treatment
Micronucleus frequency in peripheral blood cells: untreated controls, H2O2-treated, sage extract-treated, and pre-treated with sage extract followed by H2O2 (presented as a percentage of untreated control). *P<0.05, ***P<0.001 – treated vs. control cells. ###P<0.001 – sage extract pre-treatment vs. H2O2 treatment

Figure 6

Cytokinesis-block proliferation indices (CBPI) of peripheral blood cells: untreated controls, H2O2-treated, sage extract-treated, and pre-treated with sage extract followed by H2O2 (presented as a percentage of untreated control). *P<0.05, ** P<0.01 – treated cells vs. control cells. #P<0.05 – sage extract pre-treatment vs. H2O2 treatment
Cytokinesis-block proliferation indices (CBPI) of peripheral blood cells: untreated controls, H2O2-treated, sage extract-treated, and pre-treated with sage extract followed by H2O2 (presented as a percentage of untreated control). *P<0.05, ** P<0.01 – treated cells vs. control cells. #P<0.05 – sage extract pre-treatment vs. H2O2 treatment

Figure 7

Pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, IL-1β (A) and TNF-α (B), in PHA-stimulated peripheral blood cells treated with aqueous sage extract in different concentrations. * P <0.05, ***P<0.001 – treated cells vs. control cells
Pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, IL-1β (A) and TNF-α (B), in PHA-stimulated peripheral blood cells treated with aqueous sage extract in different concentrations. * P <0.05, ***P<0.001 – treated cells vs. control cells

AChE inhibition expressed as percentage of inhibited control activity

Extract concentration (mg/mL) AChE inhibition (%)
0.075 0
0.125 0
0.625 16
1.25 31
10 41

Relative percentage of identified compounds in the aqueous sage extract

No. Components RRI RT Peak area (%)
1 α-terpineol 1196 5.14 0.93
2 β-thujone 1103 5.93 0.89
3 Camphor 1143 6.36 15.47
4 endo-Borneol 1167 6.57 2.89
5 α-Bornyl acetate 1288 10.00 7.58
6 Acetophenone 1065 10.30 7.37
7 2,4 Di-tert butyl phenol 1519 11.13 7.05
8 Palmitic acid 1968 15.71 18.71
9 Linoleic acid 2172 17.10 8.16
10 Monopalmitin 2498 17.65 3.74
11 3-hydroxypropyl palmitate 2361 18.96 11.89
12 α-glycerol monostearate 2806 20.00 13.39
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