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Nuclear medicine staff exposure to ionising radiation in 18F-FDG PET/CT practice: a preliminary retrospective study

Bojan Pavičar
Bojan Pavičar
, 
Jasna Davidović
Jasna Davidović
, 
Biljana Petrović
Biljana Petrović
, 
Goran Vuleta
Goran Vuleta
, 
Saša Trivić
Saša Trivić
, 
Vlatko Šajinović
Vlatko Šajinović
, 
Nataša Egeljić-Mihailović
Nataša Egeljić-Mihailović
, 
Nataša Todorović
Nataša Todorović
 y 
Branko Predojević
Branko Predojević
   | 28 sept 2021
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Article Category: Original article
Publicado en línea: 28 sept 2021
Páginas: 216 - 224
Recibido: 01 dic 2020
Aceptado: 01 sept 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2021-72-3517
© 2021 Bojan Pavičar, Jasna Davidović, Biljana Petrović, Goran Vuleta, Saša Trivić, Vlatko Šajinović, Nataša Egeljić-Mihailović, Nataša Todorović, and Branko Predojević, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Correct placement for the whole-body and a ring dosimeter
Correct placement for the whole-body and a ring dosimeter

Figure 2

PET/CT facility floor plan design. 1– waiting room 1: 2 – patient prep room; 3 – 18F-FDG injection room; 4 – patient bathroom; 5 – patient uptake rooms; 6 – waiting room 2; 7 – PET/CT scanning room; 8 – PET/CT control room; 9 – hot laboratory
PET/CT facility floor plan design. 1– waiting room 1: 2 – patient prep room; 3 – 18F-FDG injection room; 4 – patient bathroom; 5 – patient uptake rooms; 6 – waiting room 2; 7 – PET/CT scanning room; 8 – PET/CT control room; 9 – hot laboratory

Figure 3

Normalised whole-body exposure dose per GBq of injected 18F-FDG activity per month for technologists
Normalised whole-body exposure dose per GBq of injected 18F-FDG activity per month for technologists

Figure 4

Normalised dominant-hand exposure dose per GBq of injected 18F-FDG activity per month for technologists
Normalised dominant-hand exposure dose per GBq of injected 18F-FDG activity per month for technologists

Figure 5

Normalised whole-body exposure dose per GBq of injected 18F-FDG activity per month for nurses
Normalised whole-body exposure dose per GBq of injected 18F-FDG activity per month for nurses

Figure 6

Normalised dominant-hand exposure dose per GBq of injected 18F-FDG activity per month for nurses
Normalised dominant-hand exposure dose per GBq of injected 18F-FDG activity per month for nurses

Figure 7

Normalised cumulative a) whole-body and b) dominant-hand dose over the seven months of the study for technologists
Normalised cumulative a) whole-body and b) dominant-hand dose over the seven months of the study for technologists

Figure 8

Normalised cumulative a) whole-body and b) dominant-hand dose over the seven months of the study for nurses
Normalised cumulative a) whole-body and b) dominant-hand dose over the seven months of the study for nurses

Comparison between ours and other studies available in the literature (maximum values shown in parentheses)

Study Staff by profession Hp(10)/ procedure (μSv) Hp(10)/A (μSv/GBq) Hp(0.07)/ procedure (μSv) Hp(0.07)/A (μSv/GBq) Automatic injector & dispenser
Our study Technologist 4.78 (15.64) 18.55 4.37 (15.38) 16.99 Yes
Nurse 4.02 (8.83) 15.61 6.55 (28.17) 25.44
Study 1 (ref. 5) Technologist 4.2–7.0 17–19 - - Yes
Study 2 (ref. 6) Technologist 2.5±2.1 - - - Yes
Study 3 (ref. 7) Technologist 1.72±0.33 / 1.16±0.11 - - - Yes
Study 4 (ref. 8) Technologist 4.17 - - - Yes
Study 5 (ref. 15) Physicians 2.1 6.8 - - No
Technologist 0.6 1.9
Study 6 (ref. 17) Technologist 4.77±0.52 10.3±1.1 - - No
Nurse 5.79±0.59 12.5±1.2 - -
Med. physicist 5.07±0.51 10.9±1.1 - -
Study 7 (Ref. 18) Technologist - - 38.77±7.33 - No
Nurse - - 59.6±6.33 -
Med. physicist - - 203.5±17.74 -

Staff cumulative doses and total administered activities for the seven-month period

Staff Hp(10) (mSv) Hp(0.07) (mSv) Injected 18F-FDG activity (GBq)
Technologist 1 0.76±0.21 0.50±0.14 31±3
Technologist 2 0.08±0.02 0.27±0.08 14.2±1.4
Technologist 3 0.37±0.10 0.38±0.11 25.9±2.6
Technologist 4 0.81±0.23 0.70±0.20 38±4
Nurse 1 0.59±0.19 1.0±0.3 51±5
Nurse 2 1.1±0.4 1.7±0.6 58±6

Normalised monthly doses per unit of injected activity

Hp(10)/A (μSv/GBq) Hp(0.07)/A (μSv/GBq)
Technologists Nurses Technologists Nurses
June 9.2±2.7 18±6 9±3 40±14
July 42±13 23±8 40±12 30±10
August 19±6 9±3 3.2±1.0 13±4
September 20±6 18±6 35.±10 31±10
October 24±7.1 20±7 10±3 30±10
November 5.3±1.6 9±3 16±5 12±4
December 19±6 20±7 16±5 36±13

Period under consideration, number of PET/CT workdays, number of PET/CT procedures and total injected activity

Observed period (month) in 2018 Number of PET/CT workdays Number of PET/CT procedures Total injected 18F-FDG activity (GBq)
June 6 44 11.7
July 7 53 14.2
August 8 62 15.7
September 7 47 12.3
October 10 76 19.5
November 11 85 21.3
December 8 56 14.3
Total: 57 423 109.0
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