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Figure 1.

Mapping of the HMBs’/home procedures under laboratory conditions 1In situations when sample was pasteurized immediately after collection of DHM; 2,3the most samples were used during first month of storing
Mapping of the HMBs’/home procedures under laboratory conditions 1In situations when sample was pasteurized immediately after collection of DHM; 2,3the most samples were used during first month of storing

Figure 2.

Study design of Bacillus cereus survival1, 2, 3—testing samples (inoculated, pasteurized); 1C, 2C, 3C—control of bacterial viability (inoculated, unpasteurized); 1*, 2*, 3*—pasteurization process control (non-inoculated, pasteurized); 1C*, 2C*, 3C*—(non-inoculated, unpasteurized). 1In situations when sample was pasteurized immediately after collection of DHM
Study design of Bacillus cereus survival1, 2, 3—testing samples (inoculated, pasteurized); 1C, 2C, 3C—control of bacterial viability (inoculated, unpasteurized); 1*, 2*, 3*—pasteurization process control (non-inoculated, pasteurized); 1C*, 2C*, 3C*—(non-inoculated, unpasteurized). 1In situations when sample was pasteurized immediately after collection of DHM

Figure 3.

Gram stain of Bacillus cereus viewed by light microscopyMicroscopic images of human milk before inoculation of Bacillus cereus (A), vegetative cells in Bacillus cereus culture (B), and pasteurized milk inoculated with Bacillus cereus (C); ×1.000 magnification, oil immersion
Gram stain of Bacillus cereus viewed by light microscopyMicroscopic images of human milk before inoculation of Bacillus cereus (A), vegetative cells in Bacillus cereus culture (B), and pasteurized milk inoculated with Bacillus cereus (C); ×1.000 magnification, oil immersion

Figure 4.

The pH level analysis of the inoculated human milkMilk storage at 4 °C after final holder (A), Milk storage at −21 °C after final holder (B). Mean values of 3 readings. 1, 2, 3—testing samples (inoculated, pasteurized samples); 1C, 2C, 3C—control of bacterial viability (inoculated, unpasteurized samples)
The pH level analysis of the inoculated human milkMilk storage at 4 °C after final holder (A), Milk storage at −21 °C after final holder (B). Mean values of 3 readings. 1, 2, 3—testing samples (inoculated, pasteurized samples); 1C, 2C, 3C—control of bacterial viability (inoculated, unpasteurized samples)

Figure 5.

Bacillus cereus growth curves on BHI broth cultures and in donor milk samplesMean values of 3 analyses. BHI—brain heart infusion medium; RT—room temperature; 6.0—BHI 6.0 pH, inoculated; 6.5—BHI pH 6.5, inoculated; 7.0—BHI pH 7.0, inoculated; M—inoculated human milk
Bacillus cereus growth curves on BHI broth cultures and in donor milk samplesMean values of 3 analyses. BHI—brain heart infusion medium; RT—room temperature; 6.0—BHI 6.0 pH, inoculated; 6.5—BHI pH 6.5, inoculated; 7.0—BHI pH 7.0, inoculated; M—inoculated human milk

Viability of Bacillus cereus after processes in the study

Phase Raw milk Early pasterurization Inoculated milk1 Storage before final pasteurization Final pasteurization Final storage conditions
−22 °C 4 °C
Sample 1 wk 2 wks 3 wks 4 wks 1 wk 2 wks 3 wks 4 wks
1 0.00 0.00 5.81±0.19 Processed immediately after inoculation2 5.81±0.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1* 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1C 5.53±0.01 5.53±0.01 x 3.05±0.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.42±0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00
1C* 0.00 0.00 x 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 5.81±0.08 24 h at 4 °C 5.72±0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2* 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2C 5.58±0.02 5.54±0.11 x 3.14±0.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.25±0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00
2C* 0.00 0.00 x 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 5.74±0.47 7 days at −21 °C 2.82±0.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3* 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3C 5.54±0.12 2.39±0.39 x 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3C* 0.00 0.00 x 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
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Life Sciences, Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Virology, Medicine, Basic Medical Science, Immunology