<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<p>Acute leukemias are the largest group of childhood cancers. According to the latest WHO data 80,491 leukemias were diagnosed in 2020 alone. In the coming years the incidence worldwide will continue at a similar level. The morbidity correlates with biological determinants such age, gender and race. The etiology of leukemia formation is complex and depends on genetic, physiological, environmental and even prior treatment-related factors. Both the incidence and curability are also influenced by age, gender, and race. The peak of incidence of leukemia occurs between the ages of 1–4 years and 9–19. The etiology of leukemia formation is complex and depends on genetic, physiological, environmental and even prior treatment-related factors. Boys suffer from leukemia more often than girls. In 2020 58.2% of diagnoses were for boys. Numerous factors contribute to the development of acute leukemia. In the case of young children, a notable association exists between acute leukemia and infections caused by viruses such as EBV or HHV-6. Furthermore, the risk of leukemia can be elevated by allergies, which involve Th1/Th2 lymphocyte-dependent mechanisms. A familial predisposition to tumorigenesis in children is observed in Li-Fraumeni Syndrome. Also, genetic diseases such as Down syndrome and Fanconi anemia are associated with an increased risk of acute leukemia. Previous exposure to radiation therapy or the use of anti-cancer drugs can also lead to the development of secondary cancers, including leukemia. The analysis of risk factors can be used to support efforts aimed to reduce potentially harmful exposure and to decrease the risk of disease.</p>
</abstract>

Acute leukemias are the largest group of childhood cancers. According to the latest WHO data 80,491 leukemias were diagnosed in 2020 alone. In the coming years the incidence worldwide will continue at a similar level. The morbidity correlates with biological determinants such age, gender and race. The etiology of leukemia formation is complex and depends on genetic, physiological, environmental and even prior treatment-related factors. Both the incidence and curability are also influenced by age, gender, and race. The peak of incidence of leukemia occurs between the ages of 1–4 years and 9–19. The etiology of leukemia formation is complex and depends on genetic, physiological, environmental and even prior treatment-related factors. Boys suffer from leukemia more often than girls. In 2020 58.2% of diagnoses were for boys. Numerous factors contribute to the development of acute leukemia. In the case of young children, a notable association exists between acute leukemia and infections caused by viruses such as EBV or HHV-6. Furthermore, the risk of leukemia can be elevated by allergies, which involve Th1/Th2 lymphocyte-dependent mechanisms. A familial predisposition to tumorigenesis in children is observed in Li-Fraumeni Syndrome. Also, genetic diseases such as Down syndrome and Fanconi anemia are associated with an increased risk of acute leukemia. Previous exposure to radiation therapy or the use of anti-cancer drugs can also lead to the development of secondary cancers, including leukemia. The analysis of risk factors can be used to support efforts aimed to reduce potentially harmful exposure and to decrease the risk of disease.

Epidemiology of childhood acute leukemias

Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy Polish Academy of Sciences

Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation

Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Wroclaw Medical University

Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

{"article-title":"Epidemiology of childhood acute leukemias"}

Acute leukemias are the largest group of childhood cancers. According to the latest WHO data 80,491 leukemias were diagnosed in 2020 alone. In the coming years...

Epidemiology of childhood acute leukemias

Article Category: Review

Publicado en línea: 14 mar 2024

Páginas: 22 - 36

Recibido: 08 ago 2023

Aceptado: 13 nov 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ahem-2023-0023

Palabras clave
epidemiology, risk factor, childhood leukemia, ALL, AML

© 2024 Marzena Ciesielska et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Epidemiology of childhood acute leukemias

Article Category: Review

Publicado en línea: 14 mar 2024

Páginas: 22 - 36

Recibido: 08 ago 2023

Aceptado: 13 nov 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ahem-2023-0023

Palabras claveepidemiology, risk factor, childhood leukemia, ALL, AML

© 2024 Marzena Ciesielska et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Palabras clave
epidemiology, risk factor, childhood leukemia, ALL, AML