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Formulation of stimuli-responsive gels containing silver complex with nicotinamide

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31 ago 2025

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Figure 1.

Dissolution profile of methylene blue.
Dissolution profile of methylene blue.

Figure 2.

Dissolution profile of PMSA AgNam.
Dissolution profile of PMSA AgNam.

Figure 3.

Antibacterial activity of PMSA AgNam. n = 3 ± SD. A, B, C represent statistically significant differences in the efficacy of tested samples. Values marked with the same letter are not significantly different from each other. Statistically significant differences are marked as follows: * for p < 0.05; ** for p < 0.01; *** for p < 0.001. The same significance applies for swab 1 and 2 for all pairs.
Antibacterial activity of PMSA AgNam. n = 3 ± SD. A, B, C represent statistically significant differences in the efficacy of tested samples. Values marked with the same letter are not significantly different from each other. Statistically significant differences are marked as follows: * for p < 0.05; ** for p < 0.01; *** for p < 0.001. The same significance applies for swab 1 and 2 for all pairs.

Figure 4.

Inhibition zones for Streptococcus pyogenes.
Inhibition zones for Streptococcus pyogenes.

Appearance and injectability of sols and gels_

Formulation Appearance Injectability (needle diameter)
Sol Gel 0.5 mm 0.6 mm 0.7 mm 0.8 mm
PMSA 0.2 +++ + ++ ++ +++
PMSA 0.3 +++ + + ++ +++
PMSA 0.4 +++ +++ + + + +++
PMSA 0.5 +++ +++ + + + +++
PMSA 0.6 +++ +++ + + + ++
PMSA 0.7 ++ ++ + + + ++
PMSA 0.8 ++ ++ + + + ++
PSA +++ + +
PMSA +++ + +
MSA ++ + + +
SA ++ + + +
PMSA AgNam + + +

pH and critical sol–gel transition temperature of the formulations_

Formulation pH ± SD (n = 3) Tsg (°C) ± SD (n=3)
PMSA 0.2 6.78 ± 0.00 -
PMSA 0.3 6.72 ± 0.00 -
PMSA 0.4 6.70 ± 0.00 34.10 ± 0.28
PMSA 0.5 6.68 ± 0.01 33.36 ± 0.13
PMSA 0.6 6.64 ± 0.00 32.66 ± 0.17
PMSA 0.7 6.61 ± 0.00 33.60 ± 0.08
PMSA 0.8 6.60 ± 0.01 31.50 ± 0.36
PSA 6.16 ± 0.02 -
PMSA 6.26 ± 0.00 -
MSA 5.84 ± 0.00 -
SA 5.75 ± 0.01 -
PMSA AgNAM 5.61± 0.02 -

Composition of formulations_

Formulation PF127 (% w/w) MC (% w/w) SA (% w/w) AgNam (% w/w)
PMSA 0.2 15.00 0.25 0.20 -
PMSA 0.3 15.00 0.25 0.30 -
PMSA 0.4 15.00 0.25 0.40 -
PMSA 0.5 15.00 0.25 0.50 -
PMSA 0.6 15.00 0.25 0.60 -
PMSA 0.7 15.00 0.25 0.70 -
PMSA 0.8 15.00 0.25 0.80 -
PSA 15.00 - 4.00 -
PMSA 15.00 0.25 4.00 -
MSA - 0.25 4.00 -
SA - - 4.00 -
PMSA AgNam 15.00 0.25 4.00 1.00
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