Detection of Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in Buffaloes Naturally Infected with Sarcocystosis with Risk Factor Assessment

1. Fayer R, Esposito DH, Dubey JP: Human Infections with Sarcocystis Species. Clin Microbiol Rev 2015, 28:295–311.10.1128/CMR.00113-14Search in Google Scholar

2. Decker Franco C, Schnittger L, Florin-Christensen M: Sarcocystis. Parasit. Protozoa Farm Anim. Pets. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2018, 103–124.10.1007/978-3-319-70132-5_4Search in Google Scholar

3. Saeed MA, Vaughan JL, Jabbar A: An update on sarcocystosis in one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius). Parasitology 2018, 145:1367–1377.10.1017/S0031182018000239Search in Google Scholar

4. Dubey JP, Speer CA, Fayer R: Sarcocystosis of animals and man. Boca Raton, Florida, USA: CRC Press, Inc.; 1989.Search in Google Scholar

5. Savini G, Robertson ID, Dunsmore JD: Viability of the sporocysts of Sarcocystis cruzi after exposure to different temperatures and relative humidities. Vet Parasitol 1996, 67:153–160.10.1016/S0304-4017(96)01046-1Search in Google Scholar

6. Poulsen CS, Stensvold CR: Current status of epidemiology and diagnosis of human sarcocystosis. J Clin Microbiol 2014, 52:3524–3530.10.1128/JCM.00955-14418774924759707Search in Google Scholar

7. Ahmed AM, Elshraway NT, Youssef AI: Survey on Sarcocystis in bovine carcasses slaughtered at the municipal abattoir of El-Kharga, Egypt. Vet World 2016, 9:1461–1465.10.14202/vetworld.2016.1461-1465523406428096622Search in Google Scholar

8. Nahed G, Reda W, Sara N: Occurrence of zoonotic sarcosporidiosis in slaughtered cattle and buffaloes in different abattoirs in Egypt. Glob Vet 2014, 13:809–813.Search in Google Scholar

9. El-Dakhly KM, El-Nesr KA, El-Nahass E-S, Hirata A, Sakai H, Yanai T: Prevalence and distribution patterns of Sarcocystis spp. in buffaloes in Beni-Suef, Egypt. Trop Anim Health Prod 2011, 43:1549–1554.10.1007/s11250-011-9840-221461984Search in Google Scholar

10. Metwally AM, Abd Ellah MR, Al-Hosary AA, Omar MA: Microscopical and serological studies on Sarcocystis infection with first report of S. cruzi in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Assiut, Egypt. J Parasit Dis 2014, 38:378–382.10.1007/s12639-013-0257-x418504325320487Search in Google Scholar

11. Agholi M, Heidarian HR, Moghadami M, Hatam GR: First detection of acalculous cholecystitis associated with Sarcocystis infection in a patient with AIDS. Acta Parasitol 2014, 59:310–315.10.2478/s11686-014-0243-124827104Search in Google Scholar

12. Spencer JA, Deinnocentes P, Moyana EM, Guarino AJ, Ellison SE, Bird RC, Blagburn BL. Cytokine gene expression in response to SnSAG1 in horses with equine protozoal myeloencephalitis. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2005, 12:644–646.10.1128/CDLI.12.5.644-646.2005111208315879026Search in Google Scholar

13. Olias P, Meyer A, Klopfleisch R, Lierz M, Kaspers B, Gruber AD: Modulation of the host Th1 immune response in pigeon protozoal encephalitis caused by Sarcocystis calchasi. Vet Res 2013, 44:10.10.1186/1297-9716-44-10Search in Google Scholar

14. Shapira S, Speirs K, Gerstein A, Caamano J, Hunter CA: Suppression of NF-kappaB activation by infection with Toxoplasma gondii. J Infect Dis 2002, 185 Suppl:S66-72.10.1086/338000Search in Google Scholar

15. Sacks D, Sher A: Evasion of innate immunity by parasitic protozoa. Nat Immunol 2002, 3:1041–1047.10.1038/ni1102-1041Search in Google Scholar

16. Mooney L, Good B, Hanrahan JP, Mulcahy G, de Waal T: The comparative efficacy of four anthelmintics against a natural acquired Fasciola hepatica infection in hill sheep flock in the west of Ireland. Vet Parasitol 2009, 164:201–205.10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.05.017Search in Google Scholar

17. Bancroft J, Stevens A: Theory and practice of histological techniques. 3rd ed. London: Long Man Group Limited; 1993.Search in Google Scholar

18. Morsy TA, Abdel Mawla MM, Salama MM, Hamdi KN. Assessment of intact Sarcocystis cystozoites as an ELISA antigen. J. Egypt. Soc. Parasitol. [Internet]. 1994;24:85–91. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8169453.Search in Google Scholar

19. Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ: Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 1951, 193:265–275.10.1016/S0021-9258(19)52451-6Search in Google Scholar

20. Almazán C, Avila G, Quiroz H, Ibarra F, Ochoa P: Effect of parasite burden on the detection of Fasciola hepatica antigens in sera and feces of experimentally infected sheep. Vet Parasitol 2001, 97:101–112.10.1016/S0304-4017(01)00376-4Search in Google Scholar

21. Fayer R: Sarcocystis spp. in human infections. Clin Microbiol Rev 2004, 17:894–902.10.1128/CMR.17.4.894-902.200452355415489353Search in Google Scholar

22. Khalifa RMA, El-Nadi NAE-FA, Sayed FG, Omran EK: Comparative morphological studies on three Sarcocystis species in Sohag, Egypt. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 2008, 38:599–608.Search in Google Scholar

23. Xiao B, Zhang Y, Yong Z: A survey of sarcosporidios in domestic animals. Chinese J Vet Med 1988, 14:12–14.Search in Google Scholar

24. Muangyai M, Chalermchaikit T: The incidence of Sarcocystis in cattle and buffaloes. Thai J Vet Med 1988, 18: 319–326.Search in Google Scholar

25. Claveria FG, Cruz MJ, Lim RS: Sarcocystis spp infection in Philippine water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2000, 31 Suppl 1:44–47.Search in Google Scholar

26. JyothiSree C, Venu R, Samatha V, Malakondaiah P, Rayulu VC: Prevalence and microscopic studies of Sarcocystis infection in naturally infected water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) of Andhra Pradesh. J Parasit Dis 2017, 41:476–482.10.1007/s12639-016-0832-z544760928615863Search in Google Scholar

27. Latif B, Vellayan S, Heo CC, Kannan Kutty M, Omar E, Abdullah S, Tappe D: High prevalence of muscular sarcocystosis in cattle and water buffaloes from Selangor, Malaysia. Trop Biomed 2013, 30:699–705.Search in Google Scholar

28. Oryan A, Ahmadi N, Mousavi SMM: Prevalence, biology, and distribution pattern of Sarcocystis infection in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in Iran. Trop Anim Health Prod 2010, 42:1513–1518.10.1007/s11250-010-9601-720524065Search in Google Scholar

29. Mohammad HM: Prevalence of Bovine Sarcocystosis in Babylon province. Kufa J Vet Med Sci 2012, 3:78–83.Search in Google Scholar

30. Taib M, Harhoura K, Aissi M, Chaouadi M, Djouhri Y: Study of the bovine sarcosporidiosis in the slaughterhouses of the North of Algeria: Case of the slaughterhouses of El Harrach (Algiers). Cell Dev Biol 2016, 5:1.Search in Google Scholar

31. Collier L, Balows A, Sussman M. Sarcocystis, Isospora and Cyclospora. In: Gransden, W.R, editor. Sarcocystis, Isospora and Cyclospora. 9th ed. New York: Oxford University Press Inc; 1998, 319–326.Search in Google Scholar

32. Xiang Z, Rosenthal BM, He Y, Wang W, Wang H, Song J, Shen PQ, Li ML, Yang Z: Sarcocystis tupaia, sp. nov., a new parasite species employing treeshrews (Tupaiidae, Tupaia belangeri chinensis) as natural intermediate hosts. Parasitol Int 2010, 59:128–132.10.1016/j.parint.2009.12.00320026242Search in Google Scholar

33. El-Seify M, El-Morsey A, Hilali M, Zayed A, El-Dakhly K, Haridy M, Sakai H, Yanai T: Molecular characterization of Sarcocytis fusiformis and Sarcocystis buffalonis infecting water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) from Egypt. Am J Anim Vet Sci 2014, 9:95–104.10.3844/ajavsp.2014.95.104Search in Google Scholar

34. Kimura T: Eosinophilic myositis resulted from Sarcocystis infection in prime marbled beef of japanese black cattle. Vet World 2011, 4:500–502.10.5455/vetworld.2011.500-502Search in Google Scholar

35. Granstrom DE, Ridley RK, Baoan Y, Gershwin LJ, Nesbitt PM, Wempe LA: Type-I hypersensitivity as a component of eosinophilic myositis (muscular sarcocystosis) in cattle. Am J Vet Res 1989, 50:571–574.Search in Google Scholar

36. Granstrom DE, Ridley RK, Yao B, Gershwin LJ, Briggs DJ: Immunofluorescent localization of Sarcocystis cruzi antigens, IgG and IgE, in lesions of eosinophilic myositis in cattle. J Vet Diagn Invest 1990, 2:147–149.10.1177/1040638790002002162128816Search in Google Scholar

37. Miller CM, Boulter NR, Ikin RJ, Smith NC: The immunobiology of the innate response to Toxoplasma gondii. Int J Parasitol 2009, 39:23–39.10.1016/j.ijpara.2008.08.00218775432Search in Google Scholar

38. Innes EA, Wright S, Bartley P, Maley S, Macaldowie C, Esteban-Redondo I, Buxton D: The host-parasite relationship in bovine neosporosis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2005, 108:29–36.10.1016/j.vetimm.2005.07.00416098610Search in Google Scholar

39. Faccioli LH, Vargaftig B, Medeiros AI, Malheiros A: Cytokines in the modulation of eosinophilia. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 1997, 92:109–114.10.1590/S0074-027619970008000159698922Search in Google Scholar

40. Nickdel MB, Lyons RE, Roberts F, Brombacher F, Hunter CA, Alexander J, Roberts CW: Intestinal pathology during acute toxoplasmosis is IL-4 dependent and unrelated to parasite burden. Parasite Immunol 2004, 26:75–82.10.1111/j.0141-9838.2004.00686.x15225294Search in Google Scholar

41. Tappe D, Slesak G, Pérez-Girón JV, Schäfer J, Langeheinecke A, Just-Nübling G, Muñoz-Fontela C, Püllmann K: Human invasive muscular sarcocystosis induces Th2 cytokine polarization and biphasic cytokine changes, based on an investigation among travelers returning from Tioman Island, Malaysia. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2015, 22:674–677.10.1128/CVI.00042-15444640125903356Search in Google Scholar

42. Frölich S, Entzeroth R, Wallach M: Comparison of protective immune responses to apicomplexan parasites. J Parasitol Res 2012, 2012:852591.10.1155/2012/852591315901021876783Search in Google Scholar

43. Swain SL, McKenzie DT, Dutton RW, Tonkonogy SL, English M: The role of IL4 and IL5: characterization of a distinct helper T cell subset that makes IL4 and IL5 (Th2) and requires priming before induction of lymphokine secretion. Immunol Rev 1988, 102:77–105.10.1111/j.1600-065X.1988.tb00742.x2966763Search in Google Scholar

44. Takatsu K, Tominaga A, Harada N, Mita S, Matsumoto M, Takahashi T, Kikuchi Y, Yamaguchi N: T cell-replacing factor (TRF)/interleukin 5 (IL-5): molecular and functional properties. Immunol Rev 1988, 102:107–135.10.1111/j.1600-065X.1988.tb00743.xSearch in Google Scholar

45. O’Donoghue PJ, Weyreter H: Examinations on the serodiagnosis of Sarcocystis infections. II. Class-specific immunoglobulin responses in mice, pigs, and sheep. Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg A 1984, 257:168–184.10.1016/S0174-3031(84)80051-7Search in Google Scholar

• Radiological Investigation of Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus) Lumbar Vertebral Morphology ‒ A Biomechanical Aspect
• Methane Emission and Metabolic Status in Peak Lactating Dairy Cows and Their Assessment Via Methane Concentration Profile
• Preventive Supplementation of Vitamin E and Selenium as a Factor in Improving the Success Rate of Embryo Transfer in Cattle
• Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Bovine and Human
• The Impact of African Swine Fever (ASF) on Romanian Pig Meat Production: A Review
• Design of a Replicative-Competent MGF110 (1L-5-6L) Deleted African Swine Fever Virus (Genotype II)
• Comparison of Clinical and Laboratory Findings at Different Clinical Stages in Cats Naturally Infected with Feline Coronavirus
• Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites in Dogs and Cats from the Kvarner Region in Croatia
• Fowl Adenovirus Infection – Potential Cause of a Suppressed Humoral Immune Response of Broilers to Newcastle Disease Vaccination
• Orthovoltage X-Ray Therapy of Large Cell Invasive Nasal Lymphoma in Cat
• Phospholipid Fatty Acid Profiles of Plasma and Erythrocyte Membranes in Dogs Fed with Commercial Granulated Food