Adaptation of Public Spaces to Climate Change Case Study of Lodz

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Maximum and minimum changes occurring in the selected spaces after the introduction of projects, source: own elaboration

PARAMETER		OM-1		OM-2		DS-1		DS-2
		Min	Max	Min	Max	Min	Max	Min	Max
Air temperature [°C]		-0.8	0.6	-0.6	0.8	-1.4	0.5	-1.0	0.2
Relative humidity [%]		-1.7	1.2	-1.1	2.0	-0.3	4.7	-0.01	4.3
Wind speed [m/s]		-0.6	0.1	-0.1	0.1	-0.4	0.2	-0.4	0.1
PET [°C]	child	-5.4	3.4	-6.8	2.9	-10.8	0.5	-10.7	0.7
	adult man	-9.5	5.3	-10.4	7.2	-12.7	2.2	-12.5	3.4
	adult woman	-9.5	6.1	-10.4	7.2	-12.8	2.3	-12.4	3.6
	elderly person	-9.4	5.9	-10.4	7.2	-12.4	2.3	-12.2	3.6

Materials and components used in 3D models, source: own elaboration

Surface materials	Construction materials	Tree species
concrete pavement (dark grey,light grey, red),asphalt road,brick road,ardened soil,natural soil,grass,water.	brick,plaster (cream, sand, light yellow,light green, light grey),roofing:– roofing felt (black, red),– clay tile,– aluminium sheet (red).	Common Ash,Green Ash,Norway Maple,Silver Maple,Sycamore Maple,Swedish Whitebeam,Common Robinia,Red Oak,Common Hornbeam,Abies Alba.

PET index scale, source: [20]

PET [C]	Thermal sensation	Physiological stress level
< 4.1	very cold	extreme cold stress
4.1 – 8.0	cold	strong cold stress
8.1 – 13.0	cool	moderate cold stress
13.1 – 18.0	slightly cool	slight cold stress
18.1 – 23.0	comfortable	no thermal stress
23.1 – 29.0	slightly warm	slight heat stress
29.1 – 35.0	warm	moderate heat stress
35.1 – 41.0	hot	strong heat stress
> 41.0	very hot	extreme heat stress

Parameters of public space users applied in the simulations, source: own elaboration

No.	Gender	Age [years]	Height [m]	Weight [kg]	Metabolism [met]	Other parameters
1.	man	8	1.4	30	2.0	Clothing insulation [clo]:0.5 (light summer clothes)Movement speed [m/s]:1.2 (average walking speed)
2.	woman	35	1.7	65	1.4
3.	man	35	1.8	75	1.5
4.	man	80	1.7	65	1.4

Simulation input parameters, source: own elaboration

Input parameters	Data used in the models	Input parameters	Data used in the models
simulation day	5 July 2015	specific humidity	9.5 g/kg
simulation time	24 h	temperature	14.6–34.2°C
wind speed	0.8 m/s	relative humidity	20–85%
wind direction	270° (west)	adjustment factor for radiation	0.8
air pressure	996.4 hPa	surface roughness	1.0 m