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The Use of Residual Municipal Solid Waste as an Alternative Fuel

Nonna Pavliuk
Nonna Pavliuk
, 
Oleksandr Sigal
Oleksandr Sigal
, 
Artem Safiants
Artem Safiants
 y 
Sergii Plashykhin
Sergii Plashykhin
   | 03 feb 2023
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Publicado en línea: 03 feb 2023
Páginas: 147 - 158
Recibido: 08 jul 2022
Aceptado: 26 sept 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/acee-2022-0045
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© 2022 Nonna Pavliuk et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Morphological composition of MSW in the largest cities of Ukraine

City
Kyiv [39] Kharkiv [40] Odesa [41] Dnipro [42] Zaporizhzhia [43] Lviv [44]
Population, thsd.persons [32] 2 967.4 1 443.2 1017.7 990.7 731.9 724.3
MSW, %
Food 32.85 41.38 29.33 37.85 29.3 26
Paper and cardboard 11.31 13.45 4.85 6.6 10.8 10
Plastic 17.64 7.67 13.02 7 14.4 13
Glass 10.51 7.74 23.74 11.7 11.0 4
Metal 1.75 2.87 3.84 0.45 0.8 1.5
Textiles 3.46 3.81 2.06 3.64 12.9 8
Wood 1.02 1.67 1.64 2.79 10.9 5.5
Unsorted residue 21.45 21.41 41.51 29.96 9.9 32

Feasibility of construction of Solid WIP and RDF boilers for the largest cities in Ukraine

# Cities of Ukraine Number of People in 2019, thsd. people Quantity of mixed residual MSW, thsd. tonnes Heat energy, thsd. Gcal Number of WIP with heat recovery, Units Capacity of WIP with heat recovery, thousand tonnes Biogas, million m3 Natural gas savings, million m3
MSW RDF MSW RDF MSW RDF
1 Kyiv 2 967 920 1000 3 300 130
2 Kharkiv 1 434 389 435 2 200 55
3 Odesa 1 016 436 220 1 200 26 27
4 Dnipro 991 281 315 1 300 40
5 Zaporizhzhia 732 215 240 1 200 30
6 Lviv 724 204 229 1 200 30
Total: 8 1 26 312

Compliance of the emissions of the 8 Waste-to-Energy plants operating in Poland [19] with the Directive 2010/75/EC [17]

Polluting substance Emission limit values, mg/Nm3
Directive 2010/75/EC [18] 8 WtE plants operating in Poland [19]
Total dust 10 2…4.6
Carbon monoxide (CO) 50 3.31…29.00
Nitrogen monoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), expressed as NO2 for existing waste incineration plants with a nominal capacity exceeding 6 tonnes per hour or new waste incineration plants 200 74.85…176.13
Sulphur dioxide (SO2) 50 5.4….19.9
Hydrogen chloride (HCl) 10 0.3…2.63
Hydrogen fluoride (HF) 1 0…0.44
Mercury and its compounds, expressed as mercury (Hg) 0.05 0.001…0.005
Cadmium and Thallium and its compounds, expressed as cadmium (Cd) and thallium (Tl) 0.05 0.001…0.023
Antimony, Arsenic, Lead, Chromium, Cobalt, Copper, Manganese, Nickel and Vanadium (Sb + As + Pb + Cr + Co + Cu + Mn + Ni + V) 0.5 0.007…0.134
Dioxins and furans 0.1 0.00018...0.0824

Feasibility of construction of Solid WIP and RDF boilers for the large cities in Ukraine

# Cities of Ukraine Number of People in 2019, thsd. people Quantity of mixed residual MSW, thsd. tonnes Heat energy MSW, thsd. Gcal Number of WIP with heat recovery, Units Capacity of Solid WIP with heat recovery, thsd. tonnes Natural gas savings, million m3
1 Kryvyi Rih 619 214 240 1 200 30
2 Mykolaiv 480 171 192 1 150 18
Total: 2 48

Waste Composition by Income Level [8]

Classified according to World Bank estimates of 2015 GNI per capita, PPP Waste Composition by Income Level, %
Food and green Paper and cardboard Plastic Glass Rubber and leather Wood Metal Other
High ($12.476 or more) 32 25 13 5 4 4 6 11
Upper middle ($4.036–$12.475) 54 12 11 4 1 1 2 15
Lower middle ($1.026–$4.035) 53 12,5 11 3 1 1 2 17
Low ($1.025 or less) 56 7 6.4 1 - 1 2 17

CO2 emission values [19]

Fuel CO2, kgCO2/Mg
Coal 2 603
Biomassa (wood) 1 540
RDF 1 247
MSW 1 063
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