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Biodiversity of Bacteria Associated with Eight Pleurotus ostreatus (Fr.) P. Kumm. Strains from Poland, Japan and the USA


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Fig. 1.

Microscopic picture of analyzed oyster mushroom cells treated with fluorescent dyes under the fluorescent microscope. Strains: a) P234, b) PBo6S, c) PB8, d) P112, e) PB63S, f) PUSAS, g) PB7’96, h) PxS. Bacteria-like organisms, marked with white arrows, are visible as small green or yellow-green rods against fungal cells.
Microscopic picture of analyzed oyster mushroom cells treated with fluorescent dyes under the fluorescent microscope. Strains: a) P234, b) PBo6S, c) PB8, d) P112, e) PB63S, f) PUSAS, g) PB7’96, h) PxS. Bacteria-like organisms, marked with white arrows, are visible as small green or yellow-green rods against fungal cells.

Fig. 2.

Bacteria-like organisms microcolonies growing deeply in TSAt medium after 10 days long cultivation. Strains: a) P234, b) PBo6S, c) PB8, d) P112, e) PB63S, f) PUSAS, g) PB7’96, h) PxS.
Bacteria-like organisms microcolonies growing deeply in TSAt medium after 10 days long cultivation. Strains: a) P234, b) PBo6S, c) PB8, d) P112, e) PB63S, f) PUSAS, g) PB7’96, h) PxS.

Fig. 3.

Agarose gel electrophoresis showing products of PCR with 799f and 1942r primers of analyzed oyster mushroom, maize cv. Cyrkon (Zea mays L.) (line C) and bacterial strain Pseudomonas fluorescens PE16 (line PE16) DNA. The product of 700 bp is characteristic for bacterial 16S rRNA, the product of 1100 bp is characteristic for plant mitochondrial DNA. M – marker; B – blind control.
Agarose gel electrophoresis showing products of PCR with 799f and 1942r primers of analyzed oyster mushroom, maize cv. Cyrkon (Zea mays L.) (line C) and bacterial strain Pseudomonas fluorescens PE16 (line PE16) DNA. The product of 700 bp is characteristic for bacterial 16S rRNA, the product of 1100 bp is characteristic for plant mitochondrial DNA. M – marker; B – blind control.

Fig. 4.

Phylogenetic tree of identified bacteria associated with P. ostreatus strains representatives and most similar to them sequences from NCBI database. As an outgroup sequence Thermosipho sp. MV1063 (AJ419874) was used. The scale bar represents the number of changes per nucleotide position. Accession numbers are given at the end of each sequence.
Phylogenetic tree of identified bacteria associated with P. ostreatus strains representatives and most similar to them sequences from NCBI database. As an outgroup sequence Thermosipho sp. MV1063 (AJ419874) was used. The scale bar represents the number of changes per nucleotide position. Accession numbers are given at the end of each sequence.

Fig. 5.

Agarose gel electrophoresis showing products of PCR with Cu1AF and Cu2R primers and analyzed oyster mushroom DNA. Visible 140 bp band represents amplified LMCO genes. M – marker; B – blind control.
Agarose gel electrophoresis showing products of PCR with Cu1AF and Cu2R primers and analyzed oyster mushroom DNA. Visible 140 bp band represents amplified LMCO genes. M – marker; B – blind control.

Accessing numbers of P. ostreatus clones sequences deposited in NCBI database with most similar strains from NCBI database.

NCBI accessing numberParent strainNumber of clonesThe most similar strains in NCBI database
Strain nameAccessing number and similarity (%)
KR779716PxS; PBo6S2Methylobacterium sp. 63JF905617 (99)
KR779718PBo6S1Corynebacterium ureicelerivorans IMMIB RIV-2301CP009215 (99)
KR779719PBo6S1Corynebacterium sp. clone YHSS1EF658675 (100)
KR779720PB81Corynebacterium sp. clone OD-12KX379256 (100)
KR779721PxS; PBo6S; PB7’964Weissella cibaria_BM2CP027427 (99)
MH424523P1122Weissella confusa SM10KU060300 (100)
KR779722PBo6S; PB63S; P234; PxS5Paracoccus sp. clone SL36HQ264096 (100)
MH424529PB7’961Paracoccus yeei TWCC 57946LC371258 (100)
KR779723P2341Bacillus sp. 1NLA3ECP005586 (99)
KR779725PB7’961Bacillus sp. R-66632KT185191 (99)
KR779726P234; PB8; P112; PBo6S8Bacillus sp. CHORDb1MG995009 (100)
MH424530P1122Bacillus sp. clone DJX505089 (99)
MH424531PB81Bacillus megaterium Y103MH368091 (99)
KR779727PxS1Nocardioides_sp. clone EHFS1_S02aEU071473 (100)
KR779728PBo6S; PB7’964Nocardioides terrigena DS-17NR_044185 (99)
KR779729PxS1Citricoccus sp. PL13f_S6JF274870 (99)
KR779730PxS1Micrococcus sp. EF1B-B144KC545358 (99)
MH424533P2341Micrococcus luteus JGTA-S5KT805418 (99)
MH424534PB81Micrococcus sp. cpRA422KJ510213 (100)
MH424535P1121Micrococcus sp. strain CAU1456MG214549 (99)
MH424536P234; PxS2Micrococcus terreus IHBB 9339KU921566 (99)
KR779731PxS; P112; PB7’96; P234; PB89Pelomonas saccharophila ATCC 15946NR_115049 (99)
KR779732P112; P234; PB85Staphylococcus epidermidis_FDAARGOS_161CP014132 (99)
MH424568PxS1Staphylococcus epidermidis TWSL_19KT184899 (100)
MH424569PxS1Staphylococcus caprae OZK14KT591476 (99)
MH424570P1121Staphylococcus sp. JCE 11LT899997 (100)
MH424571PB81Staphylococcus sp. clone 12L_53KP183056 (99)
KR779733PB8; PBo6S2Ralstonia solanacearum RSCMCP025986 (99)
MH426745PBo6S1Ralstonia sp. clone DVBSW_M180KF755496 (100)
KR779734PUSAS; PBo6S; P234; PB7’96; P11211Cupriavidus metallidurans Ni-2CP026544 (100)
MH424572PBo6S1Cupriavidus sp. EF11(2012)JX912460 (99)
KR779735PxS; P1122Propionibacterium granulosum JCM 6498NR_113367 (99)
MH424575P1121Propionibacterium sp. clone JPL-2_O14FJ957593 (99)
KR779736PB7’96; P112; PxS; P234; PB63S; Pbo6S11Propionibacterium sp. clone 12L_77KP183061 (99)
KR779737PxS; PB8; P234; P1125Pseudomonas sp. 09C 129CP025261 (100)
KR779738PB7’961Pseudomonas _uorescens 2F9KT695813 (100)
MH424593PB7’962Pseudomonas__uorescens_PF85MF838663 (100)
MH424580PB8; PB63S2Pseudomonas simiae strain 4G1010KY939757 (100)
MH424594P1121Pseudomonas _uorescens L228CP015639 (100)
MH424599PB7’961Pseudomonas lurida MYb11CP023272 (100)
KR779740P112; PB63S; PB7’964Acidovorax sp. clone M_KL_81_14KP967499 (100)
MH427201PB63S; PBo6S3Acidovorax sp. clone CSC28JN541150 (100)
KR779742PUSAS11Escherichia coli DA33137CP029579 (100)
MH427368PUSAS21Escherichia coli 2012C-4502CP027440 (100)
KR779743PUSAS31Escherichia coli 2015C-3125CP027763 (100)
MH427381PUSAS1Escherichia coli 2013C-3342CP027766 (100)
KR779745PxS1Lactobacillus sakei PR11KX139193 (99)
MH427585PxS1Lactobacillus sakei DS4CP025839 (99)
MH427654PB81Lactobacillus sakei FAM18311CP020459 (99)
KR779746PxS1Legionella sp. L-29AB856218 (98)
KR779747PxS1Finegoldia magna JCM 1766NR_113383 (99)
KR779748PxS1Sporosarcina psychrophila DSM 6497CP014616 (100)
KR779749PBo6S1Streptococcus pneumoniae 11ACP018838 (99)
KR779750PB81Kocuria rhizophila 3330KP345929 (100)
KR779751PB81Lactococcus garvieae MJF010MH057260 (100)
KR779752P2341Del_ia lacustris SH2MH014970 (100)
KR779753P2341Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense BC1CP009769 (100)
KR779754P2341Oryzihumus leptocrescens S32011-bAB649006 (100)
KR779755P2341Tumebacillus sp. 7B-408KF441681 (99)
KR779756P1121Achromobacter mucicolens OZK37KT716268 (100)
KR779757PB7’961Herbaspirillum sp. WW2KU495919 (100)
MH427999P234; PBo6S; PB8; PB63S; PxS; PB7’96; P11235Curvibacter sp. clone Z2_KL_466-12KP967473 (100)
MH428000PB63S, PB7’96; P1123Curvibacter sp. clone CX 18.4KX260804 (99)
MH428038P2341Acidobacteria clone SEW_08_293HQ598999 (99)
MH428102PB7’961Acidobacteria clone SEW_08_084HQ598816 (99)
MH428220P1121Paenibacillus typhae xj7NR_109462 (99)
MH428377P1121Paenibacillus marchantiophytorum R55NR_148618 (99)
MH428379P2341Acinetobacter sp. SWBY1CP026616 (99)
MH428572P2341Acinetobacter towneri MTCC11368TKM070563 (99)
MH428659PBo6S1Streptomyces rishiriensis JCM 4686LC002811 (99)
MH428674PBo6S1Streptomyces sp. 111013air4KP262513 (99)
MH428833PB7’961Sphingomonas sp. CAU-S5MF113252 (99)

Number and identification of clones obtained from analyzed P. ostreatus strains.

GenusSimilarity based on 700 bp sequence of the 16S rRNA geneNumber of clonesOrigin P. ostreatus strains
The most closely related strain in NCBINCBI accession number(% of similarity)USAJapanPoland
PUSASPB8PB7’96PBo6SP234PxSPB63SP112
EscherichiaE. coli DA33137CP029579 (100)64110000000
E. coli 2012C-4502CP027440 (100) 210000000
E. coli 2015C-3125CP027763 (100) 310000000
E. coli 2013C-3342CP027766 (100) 10000000
CurvibacterCurvibacter sp. clone Z2_KL_466-12KP967473 (100)3806846425
Curvibacter sp. clone CX 18.4KX260804 (99) 00100011
PropionibacteriumPropionibacterium sp. clone 12L_77KP183061 (100)1400112223
P. granulosum JCM 6498113367 (99) 00000101
Propionibacterium sp. clone JPL-2_O14FJ957593 (99) 00000001
BacillusBacillus sp. CHORDb1MG995009 (100)1302012003
Bacillus sp. clone DJX505089 (99) 00000002
Bacillus sp. 1NLA3ECP005586 (99) 00001000
Bacillus sp. R-66632KT185191 (99) 00100000
Bacillus megaterium Y103MH368091 (99) 01000000
CupriavidusC. metallidurans Ni-2CP026544 (100)1222132002
Cupriavidus sp. EF11(2012)JX912460 (99) 00010000
PseudomonasPseudomonas sp. 09C 129CP025261 (100)1202001101
P. fuorescens PF85MF838663 (100) 00200000
P. simiae 4G1010KY939757 (100) 01000010
P. fuorescens L228CP015639 (100) 00000001
P. fuorescens 2F9KT695813 (100) 00100000
P. lurida MYb11CP023272 (100) 00100000
StaphylococcusS. epidermidis FDAARGOS_161CP014132 (99)901002002
S. epidermidis TWSL_19KT184899 (100) 00000100
S. caprae OZK14KT591476 (99) 00000100
Staphylococcus sp. JCE 11LT899997 (100) 00000001
Staphylococcus sp. clone 12L_53KP183056 (100) 01000000
PelomonasP. saccharophila ATCC 15946NR_115049 (99)902102301
AcidovoraxAcidovorax sp. clone M_KL_81_14KP967499 (100)400100012
Acidovorax sp. clone CSC28JN541150 (100)300010020
WeissellaW. cibaria BM2CP027427 (99)600120100
W. confusa SM10KU060300 (100) 00000002
MicrococcusM. luteus JGTA-S5KT805418 (100)600001000
Micrococcus sp. cpRA422KJ510213 (100) 01000000
Micrococcus sp. EF1B-B144KC545358 (99) 00000100
Micrococcus sp. strain CAU1456MG214549 (99) 00000001
M. terreus IHBB 9339KU921566 (99) 00001100
ParacoccusParacoccus sp. clone SL36HQ264096 (100)600011210
P. yeei TWCC 57946LC371258 (100) 00100000
NocardioidesN. terrigena DS-17NR_044185 (99)500220000
Nocardioides sp. clone EHFS1_S02aEU071473 (99) 00000100
RalstoniaR. solanacearum RSCMCP02598 (99)301010000
Ralstonia sp. clone DVBSW_M180KF755496 (100) 00010000
CorynebacteriumC. ureicelerivorans IMMIB RIV-2301CP009215 (99)300010000
Corynebacterium sp. clone YHSS1EF658675 (100) 00010000
Corynebacterium sp. clone OD-12KX379256 (100) 01000000
LactobacillusL. sakei FAM18311CP020459 (99)300010000
L. sakei PR11KX139193 (99) 00000100
L. sakei DS4CP025839 (99) 00000100
AcidobacteriaAcidobacteria clone SEW_08_293HQ598999 (99)200001000
Acidobacteria clone SEW_08_084HQ598816 (99) 00100000
PaenibacillusP. typhae xj7NR_109462 (99)200000001
P. marchantiophytorum R55NR_148618 (99) 00000001
AcinetobacterAcinetobacter sp. SWBY1CP026616 (99)200001000
A. towneri MTCC11368TKM070563 (99) 00001000
StreptomycesS. rishiriensis JCM 4686LC002811 (99)200010000
Streptomyces sp. 111013air4KP262513 (99) 00010000
LegionellaLegionella sp. L-29AB856218 (98)100000100
FinegoldiaF. magna JCM 1766NR_113383 (99)100000100
SporosarcinaS. psychrophila DSM 6497CP014616 (100)100000100
StreptococcusS. pneumoniae 11ACPO18838 (99)100010000
KocuriaK. rhizophila 3330KP345929 (100)101000000
LactococcusL. garvieae MJFO10MH057260 (100)101000000
DelfiaD. lacustris SH2MHO 14970 (100)100001000
PectobacteriumP. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense BC1CP009769 (100)100001000
OryzihumusO. leptocrescens S32011-bAB649006 (100)100001000
TumebacillusTumebacillus sp. 7B-408KF441681 (99)100001000
AchromobacterA. mucicolens OZK37KT716268 (100)100000001
HerbaspirillumHerbaspirillum sp. WW2KU495919 (100)100100000
CitricoccusCitricoccus sp. PL13f_S6JF274870 (99)100000100
SphingomonasSphingomonas sp. CAU-S5MF113252 (99)100100000
Number of diferent clonesXXX51516171817817
Number of genusXX322913131513512
Number of unidentified clones of BacteriaXX740610141015712
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