|
|
Density effect |
s: effect; i: focal actor
x
i+: outgoing tie from i
x
ij
=1 indicates presence of a tie from i to j
x
ij
=0 indicates absence of a tie from i to j
|
1
|
Firm activity |
Outdegree-related activity (sqrt) effect |
|
2
|
Preferential attachment |
Indegree-related popularity (sqrt) effect |
Sum of the square roots of the indegrees of the others to whom i is tied |
3
|
Firm-FUA assortativity |
Out/in degree^(1/2) assortativity |
Differential tendency for actors with high outdegrees to be tied to actors with high indegrees |
4
|
Network closure |
Number of four-cycles
|
|
5
|
Spatial spread |
XW → X closure of covariate |
X: network in the role of the dependent variable
W: effects that determine the dynamics of network X (here: geographic distance)
|
|
|
|
|
6
|
(FUA employment) |
Covariate-related popularity |
Sum of the covariate over all actors to whom i has a tie |