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Isolation and characterization of endophytic bacteria from tomato foliage and their in vitro efficacy against root-knot nematodes

Binita Basumatary
Binita Basumatary
, 
Debanand Das
Debanand Das
, 
B. N. Choudhury
B. N. Choudhury
, 
Pranab Dutta
Pranab Dutta
 y 
Ashok Bhattacharyya
Ashok Bhattacharyya
   | 21 dic 2021
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Publicado en línea: 21 dic 2021
Páginas: 1 - 16
Recibido: 28 abr 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2021-104
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© 2021 Binita Basumatary et al., published by Sciendo.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

Growth of endophytic bacteria from cut pieces of stem and leaf on NA media. Solanum lycopersicum stem Solanum lycopersicum leave Solanum pimpinellifolium leave.
Growth of endophytic bacteria from cut pieces of stem and leaf on NA media. Solanum lycopersicum stem Solanum lycopersicum leave Solanum pimpinellifolium leave.

Figure S1:

Scanning Electron Micrograph of isolate EBTL1 (Microbacterium arborescens).
Scanning Electron Micrograph of isolate EBTL1 (Microbacterium arborescens).

Figure S2:

Scanning Electron Micrograph of isolate BETL2 (Bacillus marisflavi).
Scanning Electron Micrograph of isolate BETL2 (Bacillus marisflavi).

Figure S3:

Scanning Electron Micrograph of isolate BETL4 (Bacillus altitudinis).
Scanning Electron Micrograph of isolate BETL4 (Bacillus altitudinis).

Figure S4:

Scanning Electron Micrograph of isolate BETS2 (Exiguobacterium indicum).
Scanning Electron Micrograph of isolate BETS2 (Exiguobacterium indicum).

Figure 2:

Phylogenetic tree showing the genetic relationship of the BETL1 isolate to other isolates by using maximum likelihood method.
Phylogenetic tree showing the genetic relationship of the BETL1 isolate to other isolates by using maximum likelihood method.

Figure 3:

Phylogenetic tree showing the genetic relationship of the BETL2 isolate to other isolates by using maximum likelihood method.
Phylogenetic tree showing the genetic relationship of the BETL2 isolate to other isolates by using maximum likelihood method.

Figure 4:

Phylogenetic tree showing the genetic relationship of the BETL4 isolate to other isolates by using maximum likelihood method.
Phylogenetic tree showing the genetic relationship of the BETL4 isolate to other isolates by using maximum likelihood method.

Figure 5:

Phylogenetic tree showing the genetic relationship of the BETS2 isolate to other isolates by using maximum likelihood method.
Phylogenetic tree showing the genetic relationship of the BETS2 isolate to other isolates by using maximum likelihood method.

Figure 6:

Phylogenetic tree showing the genetic relationship of the BETL6 isolate to other isolates by using maximum likelihood method.
Phylogenetic tree showing the genetic relationship of the BETL6 isolate to other isolates by using maximum likelihood method.

Figure 7:

Effect of culture filtrates of isolated bacterial endophytes on juvenile mortality of Meloidogyne incognita at 10% (S/10) concentration at different exposure time.
Effect of culture filtrates of isolated bacterial endophytes on juvenile mortality of Meloidogyne incognita at 10% (S/10) concentration at different exposure time.

Endophytic bacterial isolates from Solanum lycopersicum and Solanum pimpinellifolium.

Source Tissue No. of isolates Name of isolates
Solanum lycopersicum leaf 8 BETL1, BETL2, BETL3, BETL4, BETL5, BETL6, BETL7 and BETL8
S. lycopersicum stem 2 BETS1 and BETS2
Solanum pimpinellifolium (konbilahi) leaf 5 BEKL1, BEKL2, BEKL3, BEKL4 and BEKL5

Effect of culture filtrate of isolated bacterial endophytes on juvenile mortality of Meloidogyne incognita.

Period of exposure (hrs)
Treatment Culture filtrate concentration 6 12 24 48 Treatment (T) Mean Culture filtrate concentration (C) Mean
BETL1 S/10 58.00 (49.61) 64.00 (53.18) 75.33 (60.23) 80.67 (63.96) 79.07 (63.64)c 47.24 (42.36)
S/6 66.67 (54.86) 71.33 (57.67) 78.00 (62.04) 84.00 (66.48) 55.78 (47.70)
S/4 72.00 (58.09) 78.67 (62.51) 80.00 (63.49) 88.67 (70.53) 63.09 (52.62)
S/2 73.33 (61.60) 82.00 (64.96) 84.67 (66.97) 92.00 (73.94) 69.79 (57.62)
S 81.33 (64.49) 86.67 (68.70) 88.67 (70.53) 95.33 (78.90) 76.51 (63.12)
BETL2 S/10 54.67 (47.68) 66.00 (54.34) 76.67 (61.16) 84.67 (67.08) 81.47 (66.74)a
S/6 60.00 (50.79) 72.00 (58.09) 80.67 (64.05) 90.00 (71.76)
S/4 64.00 (53.14) 78.00 (62.04) 85.33 (67.61) 94.00 (76.11)
S/2 78.00 (62.23) 85.33 (67.61) 91.33 (72.95) 100.00 (89.93)
S 83.33 (65.99) 89.33 (71.06) 95.33 (78.90) 100.00 (89.93)
BETL3 S/10 8.00 (16.35) 22.00 (27.90) 44.00 (41.52) 60.67 (51.19) 49.07 (44.17)m
S/6 10.67 (18.93) 28.00 (31.78) 47.33 (43.47) 64.00 (53.14)
S/4 19.33 (26.04) 38.00 (37.99) 60.67 (51.18) 70.67 (57.25)
S/2 26.00 (30.63) 52.67 (46.53) 67.33 (55.15) 78.00 (62.09)
S 50.00 (45.00) 67.33 (55.28) 80.67 (63.93) 86.00 (68.11)
BETS1 S/10 26.67 (31.04) 48.67 (44.23) 63.33 (52.75) 76.67 (61.23) 65.90 (55.13)jk
S/6 31.33 (33.98) 52.00 (46.15) 72.00 (58.13) 80.00 (63.49)
S/4 35.33 (36.45) 62.67 (52.36) 78.00 (62.09) 82.67 (65.45)
S/2 40.00 (39.22) 69.33 (56.41) 80.00 (63.49) 88.67 (70.63)
S 67.33 (55.15) 80.67 (63.96) 89.33 (71.06) 93.33 (75.23)
BETL4 S/10 52.00 (46.15) 64.00 (53.14) 72.67 (58.50) 82.00 (64.96) 81.43 (66.62)ab
S/6 61.33 (51.59) 72.67 (58.50) 80.00 (63.46) 86.00 (68.11)
S/4 70.00 (56.85) 79.33 (63.00) 87.33 (69.24) 91.33 (72.95)
S/2 76.67 (61.27) 85.33 (67.51) 93.33 (75.23) 97.33 (82.77)
S 86.67 (68.70) 91.33 (72.95) 100.00 (89.93) 100.00 (89.93)
BETL5 S/10 31.33 (34.01) 46.00 (42.69) 50.67 (45.38) 67.33 (55.21) 64.20 (53.72)l
S/6 40.00 (39.20) 57.33 (49.22) 66.00 (54.42) 70.67 (57.39)
S/4 46.67 (43.06) 66.00 (54.34) 72.67 (58.50) 77.33 (61.60)
S/2 48.67 (44.23) 72.67 (58.50) 78.00 (62.09) 82.00 (64.99)
S 62.00 (51.96) 78.00 (62.14) 82.67 (65.45) 88.00 (69.93)
BETL6 S/10 52.00 (46.15) 60.67.00 (51.21) 72.67 (58.55) 80.67 (63.96) 78.17 (63.56)de
S/6 60.67 (51.17) 70.00 (56.80) 78.00 (62.09) 84.00 (66.48)
S/4 66 (54.39) 76.67 (61.16) 82.67 (65.45) 89.33 (71.06)
S/2 72.00 (58.14) 80.00 (63.46) 88.00 (69.93) 94.67 (78.21)
S 78.67 (62.56) 86.00 (68.11) 90.67 (72.36) 100.00 (89.93)
BEKL1 S/10 19.33 (25.92) 26.00 (30.54) 65.33 (53.97) 76.67 (61.18) 67.20 (56.23)h
S/6 36.00 (36.84) 42.67 (40.78) 74.67 (59.83) 80.67 (63.99)
S/4 44.00 (41.52) 48.67 (44.23) 80.00 (63.53) 84.67 (67.08)
S/2 65.33 (53.97) 76.00 (60.69) 82.67 (65.58) 89.33 (71.06)
S 81.33 (64.45) 87.33 (69.24) 88.67 (70.53) 94.67 (79.60)
BETS2 S/10 42.00 (40.39) 66.00 (54.36) 70.67 (57.27) 83.33 (65.94) 78.87 (65.15)cd
S/6 51.33 (45.76) 71.33 (57.68) 80.67 (64.05) 87.33 (69.50)
S/4 60.00 (50.78) 80.67 (63.96) 86.00 (68.11) 90.00 (71.76)
S/2 70.67 (57.27) 84.00 (66.48) 90.67 (72.36) 96.67 (81.88)
S 82.67 (65.45) 88.67 (70.53) 94.67 (78.21) 100.00 (89.93)
BEKL2 S/10 22.67 (28.30) 29.33 (32.77) 44.00 (41.55) 68.67 (55.99) 73.33 (60.72)f
S/6 60.00 (50.80) 69.33 (56.45) 79.33 (62.99) 85.33 (67.57)
S/4 68.67 (55.99) 76.00 (60.74) 84.00 (66.48) 89.33 (71.42)
S/2 72.00 (58.09) 80.67 (63.96) 88.67 (70.47) 94.67 (78.21)
S 77.33 (61.65) 84.00 (66.48) 92.67 (74.53) 100.00 (89.93)
BETL7 S/10 18.00 (25.01) 30.67 (33.61) 51.33 (45.77) 70.67 (57.28) 66.23 (55.37)j
S/6 27.33 (31.47) 41.33 (39.99) 61.33 (51.57) 80.67 (64.05)
S/4 54.00 (47.31) 70.00 (56.85) 76.67 (61.14) 85.33 (67.51)
S/2 68.00 (55.56) 75.33 (60.25) 83.33 (65.94) 91.33 (72.95)
S 76.00 (60.69) 81.33 (64.49) 87.33 (69.24) 94.66 (76.81)
BEKL3 S/10 14.00 (21.89) 33.33 (35.24) 57.33 (49.23) 73.33 (58.99) 67.19 (56.08)hi
S/6 36.00 (36.86) 46.67 (43.08) 71.33 (57.67) 79.33 (63.15)
S/4 52.00 (46.15) 61.33 (51.61) 82.00 (64.99) 86.67 (68.70)
S/2 66.00 (54.34) 73.33 (58.94) 86.00 (68.37) 90.67 (72.36)
S 70.67 (57.23) 80.00 (63.46) 89.33 (71.06) 94.67 (78.21)
BEKL4 S/10 15.33 (22.92) 42.67 (40.78) 64.67 (53.55) 82.00 (64.99) 71.33 (59.95)g
S/6 20.67 (26.94) 54.67 (47.68) 78.00 (62.09) 87.33 (69.24)
S/4 34.00 (35.61) 66.67 (54.79) 88.00 (69.93) 92.67 (74.53)
S/2 66.00 (54.36) 80.00 (63.46) 91.33 (73.24) 96.67 (80.67)
S 82.67 (65.49) 88.67 (70.53) 94.67 (78.21) 100.00 (89.93)
BETL8 S/10 16.00 (23.51) 22.00 (27.90) 28.00 (31.91) 36.00 (36.86) 37.07 (37.25)o
S/6 21.33 (27.46) 26.00 (30.63) 32.67 (34.84) 42.67 (40.78)
S/4 27.33 (31.49) 31.33 (34.03) 38.00 (38.04) 49.33 (44.62)
S/2 32.67 (34.84) 36.67 (37.26) 46.67 (43.08) 54.00 (47.31)
S 40.00 (39.22) 46.00 (42.70) 52.67 (46.53) 62.00 (52.01)
BEKL5 S/10 20.67 (27.03) 25.33 (30.19) 30.67 (33.61) 35.33 (36.46) 39.20 (38.61)n
S/6 26.67 (31.07) 30.67 (33.61) 36.00 (36.84) 40.00 (39.22)
S/4 30.00 (33.19) 35.33 (36.46) 42.67 (40.77) 46.67 (43.08)
S/2 35.33 (36.46) 42.00 (40.39) 48.67 (44.23) 52.67 (46.53)
S 41.33 (40.01) 49.33 (44.62) 55.33 (48.07) 59.33 (50.39)
Distilled Water (SDW) S 0 0 0 0 (0.00)
S 0 0 0 0
S 0 0 0 0
S 0 0 0 0
S 0 0 0 0
Period of Exposure(t) Mean 46.93 (42.16) 58.28 (49.34) 68.51 (56.29) 76.23 (62.95)

Morphological and biochemical characteristics of the isolated strains of endophytic bacteria.

Isolated strains Colour Grams’ staining Shape Motility KOH Citrate utilization Gelatin hydrolysis Catalase test Starch hydrolysis
BETL1 Orange +ve Rod + -ve +ve +ve +ve -ve
BETL2 Shiny yellow +ve Rod + -ve -ve +ve +ve -ve
BETL3 Dark yellow -ve Rod + +ve +ve +ve +ve +ve
BETS1 Yellow -ve Rod + +ve -ve +ve +ve -ve
BETL4 White +ve Rod + -ve +ve +ve +ve +ve
BETL5 Yellow -ve Diplococcus + +ve -ve +ve +ve -ve
BETL6 Shiny yellow +ve Rod + -ve +ve +ve +ve -ve
BEKL1 White -ve Coccus + +ve +ve +ve +ve -ve
BETS2 Yellowish orange +ve Rod + -ve -ve +ve +ve +ve
BEKL2 Cream -ve Rod + +ve +ve +ve +ve +ve
BETL7 White -ve Coccus + +ve +ve +ve +ve +ve
BEKL3 Yellow -ve Diplococcus + +ve +ve +ve +ve -ve
BEKL4 Cream -ve Coccus + +ve +ve +ve +ve -ve
BETL8 Cream +ve Rod + -ve +ve +ve +ve +ve
BEKL5 Yellow -ve Rod + +ve +ve +ve +ve -ve
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