Festulolium and fungal endophyte associations: host status for Meloidogyne incognita and nematotoxic plant extracts
, , , , y | 28 jul 2020
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Publicado en línea: 28 jul 2020
Páginas: 1 - 16
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2020-076
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© 2020 Susan L. F. Meyer et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Plant vigor and Meloidogyne incognita population densities from Festulolium lines, plus and minus the endophytes U2 and U5, and from susceptible pepper plants in the greenhouse.
| Shoot fresh weighta (g) | Root Fresh weight (g) | Root gall indexb | Total eggs per root system | Eggs per g of root | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plant and endophyte | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 1 | Trial 2 |
| FHCF0802 U2 E− | 33.0 a | 71.4 a | 98.1 aA | 66.2 aAB | 0 | 0.7 aB | 817 aB | 1,467 aB | 9.7 aB | 21.3 aB |
| FHCF0802 U2 E+ | 31.4 a | 50.9 b | 86.1 aAB | 61.3 aB | 0 | 1.0 aB | 700 aB | 0 aB | 7.8 aB | 0.0 aB |
| FHAC0802 U5 E− | 29.3 a | 70.3 a | 41.4 aBC | 63.3 aB | 0 | 0.3 aB | 817 aB | 800 aB | 19.5 aB | 13.1 aB |
| FHAC0802 U5 E+ | 33.4 a | 73.1 a | 49.3 aABC | 99.9 aA | 0 | 0.3 aB | 933 aB | 1,733 aB | 21.8 aB | 16.1 aB |
| Pepper | NA | NA | 14.1 C | 15.7 C | 25 | 25.0 A | 225,108 A | 104,000 A | 15,975.0 A | 6,239.7 A |
Meloidogyne incognita second-stage juvenile (J2) activity and viability in methanolic extracts from roots and shoots of Festulolium lines FHCD0802 BUS 10-12 U6+ and FHCD0802 U6−.
| Day 1, % active J2 | Day 2, % active J2 | Day 3 rinsed, % viable J2 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % DMSO in controls or µg/ml extract | Rootsa | Shoots | Roots | Shoots | Roots | Shoots |
| Water | 89.2 a | 89.2 ab | 91.4 a | 91.4 a | 86.7 a | 86.7 a |
| Water + Kb | 86.2 ab | 86.2 ab | 91.4 ab | 91.4 ab | 88.4 a | 88.4 a |
| 0.5% DMSO | 87.7 a | 87.7 ab | 90.5 ab | 90.5 a | 85.8 a | 85.8 a |
| 1.0% DMSO | 88.3 a | 88.3 ab | 87.2 ab | 87.2 abc | 85.4 a | 85.4 a |
| U6 E+ 200 µg/ml | 82.8 ab | 85.4 b | 86.1 ab | 88.8 abc | 70.0 b | 68.7 b |
| – | – | – | – | (18.4%) | (19.9%) | |
| U6 E− 200 µg/ml | 78.7 b | 84.4 b | 84.0 ab | 80.7 bc | 68.9 b | 66.2 b |
| (10.3%)c | – | – | (10.8%) | (19.7%) | (22.8%) | |
| U6 E+ 400 µg/ml | 90.4 a | 90.9 ab | 80.9 b | 81.6 bc | 70.0 b | 71.2 b |
| – | – | – | – | (18.0%) | (16.6%) | |
| U6 E− 400 µg/ml | 89.0 a | 94.6 a | 81.3 b | 80.2 c | 61.2 b | 60.7 b |
| – | – | – | – | (28.3%) | (28.9%) | |
Meloidogyne incognita egg hatch and second-stage juvenile (J2) activity in methanolic extracts from roots and shoots of Festulolium lines FHCD0802 BUS 10-12 U6 E+ and FHCD0802 U6 E−.
| Day 5 | Day 7 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| % active | % active | ||
| % DMSO in controls or µg/ml extract | Shootsa | Roots | Shoots |
| Water | 97.1 a | 94.3 a | 94.3 a |
| Water + Kb | 94.4 abc | 94.5 a | 94.5 a |
| 0.5% DMSO | 95.5 ab | 93.7 ab | 93.7 a |
| 1.0% DMSO | 94.7 ab | 95.5 a | 95.5 a |
| U6 E+ 200 µg/ml | 87.8 cd | 84.9 bc | 85.3 b |
| (8.1%)c | – | (9.0%) | |
| U6 E− 200 µg/ml | 89.7 d | 81.8 c | 83.6 b |
| (6.1%) | (12.7%) | (10.8%) | |
| U6 E+ 400 µg/ml | 90.8 bcd | 83.3 c | 79.1 b |
| – | (12.8%) | (17.2%) | |
| U6 E− 400 µg/ml | 88.8 cd | 78.0 c | 83.6 b |
| (6.2%) | (18.3%) | (12.5%) | |
Plant vigor and Meloidogyne incognita population densities from Festulolium lines, plus and minus the endophytes U6, U8, and U10, and from susceptible pepper plants in the greenhouse.
| Shoot fresh weighta (g) | Root fresh weight (g) | Root gall indexb | Total eggs per root system | Eggs per g of root | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plant and endophyte | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 1 | Trial 2 |
| FHCD0802 U6 E− | 24.0 a | 43.2 ab | 16.1 aAB | 34.7 abAB | 6.7 aB | 8.3 aB | 10,533 aB | 0 aB | 500.0 aB | 0.0 aB |
| FHCD0802 U6 E+ | 17.1 ab | 33.9 ab | 12.2 aAB | 24.7 bBC | 6.7 aB | 5.0 aB | 3,067 aB | 0 aB | 284.5 aB | 0.0 aB |
| FHAB0802 U8 E− | 19.9 ab | 31.7 b | 14.5 aAB | 25.0 abBC | 8.3 aA | 0.0 aB | 933 aB | 0 aB | 63.1 aB | 0.0 aB |
| FHAB0802 U8 E+ | 11.7 ab | 29.2 b | 13.1 aAB | 17.4 bBC | 3.3 aB | 6.7 aB | 933 aB | 53 aB | 71.2 aB | 3.0 aB |
| FHCD0802 U10 E− | 18.1 ab | 51.5 a | 14.0 aAB | 47.3 aA | 6.7 aB | 6.7 aB | 1,333 aB | 40 aB | 95.3 aB | 1.0 aB |
| FHCD0802 U10 E+ | 6.5 b | 29.7 b | 4.0 aB | 22.2 bBC | 5.3 aB | 1.7 aB | 533 aB | 13 aB | 803.2 aB | 0.7 aB |
| Pepper | NA | NA | 17.0 A | 13.5 C | 25.0 A | 25.0 A | 466,933 A | 119,333 A | 27,644.3 A | 8,552.8 A |
Meloidogyne incognita population densities on pepper in soil that was previously planted to Festulolium with or without a U2 or U5 endophyte, to susceptible pepper, or left fallow in the greenhouse.
| Root fresh weighta (g) | Root gall indexb | Total eggs per root system | Eggs per g of root | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Previous treatment: Fallow, |
Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 1 | Trial 2 |
| Fallow | 6.8 ab | 20.3 ab | 4.3 b | 0.5 c | 4,550 b | 200 c | 679.8 b | 9.2 c |
| FHCF0802 U2 E− | 5.2 b | 22.5 ab | 22.5 a | 25.0 ab | 58,450 a | 135,200 ab | 10,316.0 a | 5,047.7 ab |
| FHCF0802 U2 E+ | 6.7 ab | 23.5 ab | 17.5 ab | 11.7 bc | 37,625 a | 10,267 bc | 5,382.0 a | 613.0 bc |
| FHAC0802 U5 E− | 6.4 ab | 19.5 ab | 13.3 ab | 18.3 ab | 34,650 a | 18,267 b | 5,264.2 a | 823.7 b |
| FHAC0802 U5 E+ | 7.3 a | 25.4 a | 7.2 b | 3.3 c | 21,700 ab | 533 bc | 3,045.7 ab | 18.3 bc |
| Pepper | 2.6 c | 11.7 b | 16.0 ab | 25.0 a | 17,010 a | 207,467 a | 6,293.4 a | 16,420.5 a |
Meloidogyne incognita population densities on pepper in soil that was previously planted to Festulolium with or without a U6, U8, or U10 endophyte, to pepper, or left fallow in the greenhouse.
| Root fresh weighta (g) | Root gall indexb | Total eggs per root system | Eggs per g of root | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Previous treatment: Fallow, |
Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 1 | Trial 2 |
| Fallow | 6.4 a | 7.8 bc | 8.3 b | 0.8 c | 3 c | 3,233 c | 0.5 b | 533.5 b |
| FHCD0802 U6 E− | 6.3 a | 14.1 a | 20.0 a | 18.3 ab | 193,600 ab | 1,333 bcd | 33,590.0 a | 81.0 bc |
| FHCD0802 U6 E+ | 6.1 a | 11.8 ab | 25.0 a | 15.0 ab | 403,467 a | 12,000 bd | 56,056.7 a | 1,105.0 bc |
| FHAB0802 U8 E− | 5.3 a | 10.1 abc | 25.0 a | 0.0 bc | 87,200 ab | 533 d | 21,668.7 a | 73.0 bc |
| FHAB0802 U8 E+ | 5.6 a | 10.6 abc | 25.0 a | 0.0 bc | 37,333 ab | 1,333 d | 6,400.0 a | 123.0 c |
| FHCD0802 U10 E− | 5.8 a | 10.5 abc | 25.0 a | 18.3 ab | 47,200 ab | 5,067 bcd | 8,137.7 a | 485.3 bc |
| FHCD0802 U10 E+ | 6.6 a | 11.1 ab | 25.0 a | 0.0 bc | 35,733 ab | 800 d | 5,269.7 a | 78.7 c |
| Pepper | 2.4 b | 5.5 c | 25.0 a | 25.0 a | 10,800 b | 100,033 a | 5,301.5 a | 17,842.3 a |
Festulolium lines and Epichloë uncinata endophytes used in the experiments.
|
|
|
|---|---|
| FHCF0802 | U2 E− (Endophyte-free) |
| FHCF0802 2348M | U2 E+ |
| FHAC0802 | U5 E− (Endophyte-free) |
| FHAC0802 ABA 10-23 | U5 E+ |
| FHCD0802 | U6 E− (Endophyte-free) |
| FHCD0802 BUS 10-12 | U6 E+ |
| FHAB0802 | U8 E− (Endophyte-free) |
| FHAB0802 ABA 10-22 | U8 E+ |
| FHCD0802 | U10 E− (Endophyte-free) |
| FHCD0802 BUS 10-13 | U10 E+ |
Loline alkaloid concentrations µg/g cubic decimeter (DM) in shoots and roots of five Festulolium lines colonized by Epichloë uncinata (E+).
| Shoots | Roots | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
NFLb | NAL | NANL | NML | Total | NFL | NAL | NANL | NML | Total |
|
|
||||||||||
| −RKN | 5,300 | 1,635 | 1,040 | 428 | 8,403 | 358 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 358 |
| +RKN | 577 | 248 | 150 | 56 | 1,032 | 214 | 61 | 38 | 9 | 323 |
|
|
||||||||||
| −RKN | 5,300 | 1,641 | 1,506 | 513 | 8,960 | 270 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 270 |
| +RKN | 1,294 | 418 | 541 | 210 | 2,462 | 415 | 129 | 89 | 54 | 687 |
|
|
||||||||||
| −RKN | 4,595 | 949 | 787 | 679 | 9,121 | 596 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 596 |
|
|
||||||||||
| −RKN | 3,419 | 931 | 689 | 379 | 5,417 | 551 | 25 | 14 | 0 | 590 |
|
|
||||||||||
| −RKN | 3,551 | 853 | 652 | 397 | 5,453 | 531 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 548 |
Host status of grass cultivar/endophyte associations to Meloidogyne spp. Grasses: tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus); Italian ryegrass (Festuca perennis; syn. Lolium multiflorum).
| Tall Fescue Cultivar (Endophyte) |
|
|
|
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bulldog 51 (E+ toxic)a | Hostb | – | Poor Hostb | Hostb | – |
| Jesup (Wild Type) (E+ toxic) | – | – | Nonhostb | – | – |
| Jesup (Max-Q) (E+ nontoxic AR542) | Hostb | Nonhostb | Nonhostb | Poor Hostb | – |
| Jesup (E− no endophyte) | – | – | Nonhostb | – | – |
| Georgia 5 (E+ toxic) | – | – | Nonhostb | – | – |
| Kentucky 31 (E+) | – | – | Hostc | – | Poor Hostd |
| Kentucky 31 (E− no endophyte) | – | – | Hostc | – | Hostd |
| Genotype GA 1987 (E+) | – | – | – | – | Hoste |
| Genotype GA 1987 (E−) | – | – | – | – | Poor hoste |
| Genotype GA 2109 (E+) | – | – | – | – | Poor hoste |
| Genotype GA 2109 (E−) | – | – | – | – | Poor hoste |
| Genotype GA 2125 (E+) | – | – | – | – | Poor hoste |
| Genotype GA 2125 (E−) | – | – | – | – | Poor hoste |
| Genotype GA 3084 (E+) | – | – | – | – | Poor hoste |
| Genotype GA 3084 (E−) | – | – | – | – | Poor hoste |
| Genotype GA87-122 (E+) | – | – | – | – | Poor hostf |
| Genotype GA87-122 (E−) | – | – | – | – | Hostf |
|
|
|||||
| Bishamon (E+) | Hostg | – | Hostg | – | – |
| Bishamon (E−) | Hostg | – | Hostg | – | – |
| JFIR-18 (E+) | Hostg | – | Hostg | – | – |
| JFIR-18 (E−) | Hostg | – | Hostg | – | – |