This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Baudron, F., Zaman-Allah, M. A., Chaipa, I., Chari, N. and Chinwada, P. 2019. Understanding the factors influencing fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith) damage in African smallholder maize fields and quantifying its impact on yield. A case study in Eastern Zimbabwe. Crop Protection 120:141–150.BaudronF.Zaman-AllahM. A.ChaipaI.ChariN. and ChinwadaP.2019. Understanding the factors influencing fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith) damage in African smallholder maize fields and quantifying its impact on yield. A case study in Eastern Zimbabwe. 120:141–150.10.1016/j.cropro.2019.01.028Search in Google Scholar
Chen, G., Jian, H., Ren, H. F., Luo, L. W., Zhou, S. W., Zhang, Z. L., Lei, S. F. and Chen, B. Q. 1991. Study on the natural control effect of Ovomermis sinensis on Mythimna separata. (in Chinese), Bulletin of Biological Control 7:145–150.ChenG.JianH.RenH. F.LuoL. W.ZhouS. W.ZhangZ. L.LeiS. F. and ChenB. Q.1991. Study on the natural control effect of Ovomermis sinensis on Mythimna separata. (in Chinese), 7:145–150.Search in Google Scholar
Day, R., Abrahams, P., Bateman, M., Beale, T., Clottey, V., Cock, M., Colmenarez, Y., Corniani, N., Early, R., Godwin, J., Gomez, J., Moreno, P. G., Murphy, S. T., Oppong-Mensah, B., Phiri, N., Pratt, C., Silvestri, C. and Witt, A. 2017. Fall armyworm: impacts and implications for Africa. Outlooks on Pest Management 28:196–201.DayR.AbrahamsP.BatemanM.BealeT.ClotteyV.CockM.ColmenarezY.CornianiN.EarlyR.GodwinJ.GomezJ.MorenoP. G.MurphyS. T.Oppong-MensahB.PhiriN.PrattC.SilvestriC. and WittA.2017. Fall armyworm: impacts and implications for Africa. 28:196–201.10.1564/v28_oct_02Search in Google Scholar
del Valle Loto, F., Carrizo, A. E., Romero, C. M., Baigorí, M. D. and Pera, L. M. 2019. Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) strains from northern Argentina: esterases, profiles, and susceptibility to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bacillales: Bacillaceae). Florida Entomologist 102:347–352.del Valle LotoF.CarrizoA. E.RomeroC. M.BaigoríM. D. and PeraL. M.2019. Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) strains from northern Argentina: esterases, profiles, and susceptibility to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bacillales: Bacillaceae). 102:347–352.10.1653/024.102.0209Search in Google Scholar
Hall, T. 2012. BioEdit version 7.1.7. available at: http://www.mbio.ncsu.edu/bioedit/bioedit.html (accessed November 25, 2012).HallT.2012. . available at:http://www.mbio.ncsu.edu/bioedit/bioedit.html (accessedNovember 25, 2012).Search in Google Scholar
Harrison, R. D., Thierfelder, C., Baudron, F., Chinwada, P., Midega, C., Schaffner, U. and van den Berg, J. 2019. Agro-ecological options for fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith) management: providing low-cost, smallholder friendly solutions to an invasive pest. Journal of Environmental Management 243:318–330.HarrisonR. D.ThierfelderC.BaudronF.ChinwadaP.MidegaC.SchaffnerU. and van den BergJ.2019. Agro-ecological options for fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith) management: providing low-cost, smallholder friendly solutions to an invasive pest. 243:318–330.10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.05.01131102899Search in Google Scholar
Huot, L., George, S., Girard, P., Severae, D., Negre, N. and Duvic, B. 2019. Spodoptera frugiperda transcriptional response to infestation by Steinernema carpocapsae. Scientific Reports 9:12789.HuotL.GeorgeS.GirardP.SeveraeD.NegreN. and DuvicB.2019. Spodoptera frugiperda transcriptional response to infestation by Steinernema carpocapsae. 9:12789.10.1038/s41598-019-49410-8673387731501491Search in Google Scholar
Kimura, M. 1980. A simple method for estimating evolutionary rate of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. Journal of Molecular Evolution 16:111–120.KimuraM.1980. A simple method for estimating evolutionary rate of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. 16:111–120.10.1007/BF017315817463489Search in Google Scholar
Kobylinski, K. C., Sylla, M., Black, W. and Foy, B. D. 2012. Mermithid nematodes found in adult Anopheles from southeastern Senegal. Parasites & Vectors 5:131.KobylinskiK. C.SyllaM.BlackW. and FoyB. D.2012. Mermithid nematodes found in adult Anopheles from southeastern Senegal. 5:131.10.1186/1756-3305-5-131343968622741946Search in Google Scholar
Košulič, O. and Mašová, Š. 2019. First report on mermithid parasitism (Enoplea: Mermithidae) in a Southeast Asian spider (Araneae: Araneidae). Helminthologia 56:157–167.KošuličO. and MašováŠ.2019. First report on mermithid parasitism (Enoplea: Mermithidae) in a Southeast Asian spider (Araneae: Araneidae). 56:157–167.10.2478/helm-2019-0012679955931662687Search in Google Scholar
Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C. and Tamura, K. 2018. MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Molecular Biology and Evolution 35:1547–1549.KumarS.StecherG.LiM.KnyazC. and TamuraK.2018. MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. 35:1547–1549.10.1093/molbev/msy096596755329722887Search in Google Scholar
Li, C., Deng, H., Wang, G., Li, T., Xu, Y. and Gao, Y. 2003. Appetite of Spodoptera litura larvae infected by Ovomermis sinensis. (in Chinese), Chinese Journal of Biological Control 19:205–205.LiC.DengH.WangG.LiT.XuY. and GaoY.2003. Appetite of Spodoptera litura larvae infected by Ovomermis sinensis. (in Chinese), 19:205–205.Search in Google Scholar
Li, X. J., Wu, M. F., Ma, J., Gao, B. Y., Wu, Q. L., Chen, A. D., Liu, J., Jiang, Y. Y., Zhai, B. P., Early, R., Chapman, J. W. and Hu, G. 2019. Prediction of migratory routes of the invasive fall armyworm in eastern China using a trajectory analytical approach. Pest Management Science 76:454–463.LiX. J.WuM. F.MaJ.GaoB. Y.WuQ. L.ChenA. D.LiuJ.JiangY. Y.ZhaiB. P.EarlyR.ChapmanJ. W. and HuG.2019. Prediction of migratory routes of the invasive fall armyworm in eastern China using a trajectory analytical approach. 76:454–463.https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.553010.1002/ps.553031237729Search in Google Scholar
López, M. A., Martínez-Castillo, A. M., García-Gutiérrez, C., Cortez-Mondaca, E. and Escobedo-Bonilla, C. M. 2018. Parasitoids and entomopathogens associated with fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, in Northern Sinaloa. Southwestern Entomologist 43:867–882.LópezM. A.Martínez-CastilloA. M.García-GutiérrezC.Cortez-MondacaE. and Escobedo-BonillaC. M.2018. Parasitoids and entomopathogens associated with fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, in Northern Sinaloa. 43:867–882.10.3958/059.043.0405Search in Google Scholar
Nikdel, M., Kaiser, H. and Niknam, G. 2011. First record of Hexamermis cf. albicans (Siebold, 1848) (Nematoda: Mermithidae) infecting Lepidopteran larvae from Iran. Nematologia Mediterranea 39:81–83.NikdelM.KaiserH. and NiknamG.2011. First record of Hexamermis cf. albicans (Siebold, 1848) (Nematoda: Mermithidae) infecting Lepidopteran larvae from Iran. 39:81–83.Search in Google Scholar
Ruiz-Nájera, R. E., Ruiz-Estudillo, R. A., Sánchez-Yáñez, J. M., Molina-Ochoa, J., Skoda, S. R., Coutiño-Ruiz, R., Pinto-Ruiz, R., Guevara-Hernández, F. and Foster, J. E. 2013. Occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi and parasitic nematodes on Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae collected in central Chiapas, México. Florida Entomologist 96:498–503.Ruiz-NájeraR. E.Ruiz-EstudilloR. A.Sánchez-YáñezJ. M.Molina-OchoaJ.SkodaS. R.Coutiño-RuizR.Pinto-RuizR.Guevara-HernándezF. and FosterJ. E.2013. Occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi and parasitic nematodes on Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae collected in central Chiapas, México. 96:498–503.10.1653/024.096.0215Search in Google Scholar
Saitou, N. and Nei, M. 1987. The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Molecular Biology and Evolution 4:406–425.SaitouN. and NeiM.1987. The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. 4:406–425.Search in Google Scholar
Sáringer-Kenyeres, M., Kenyeres, Z., Földvári, G. and Majoros, G. 2017. First record of mermithid larva (Nematoda: Mermithidae) in Anopheles maculipennis complex (Diptera: Culicidae) imago in Central-Europe. Biologia 72:1224–1227.Sáringer-KenyeresM.KenyeresZ.FöldváriG. and MajorosG.2017. First record of mermithid larva (Nematoda: Mermithidae) in Anopheles maculipennis complex (Diptera: Culicidae) imago in Central-Europe. 72:1224–1227.10.1515/biolog-2017-0137Search in Google Scholar
Sharma, H. C., Sullivan, D. J. and Bhatnagar, V. S. 2002. Population dynamics and natural mortality factors of the Oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in South-Central India. Crop Protection 21:721–732.SharmaH. C.SullivanD. J. and BhatnagarV. S.2002. Population dynamics and natural mortality factors of the Oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in South-Central India. 21:721–732.10.1016/S0261-2194(02)00029-7Search in Google Scholar
Shylesha, A. N., Jalali, S. K., Gupta, A., Varshney, R., Venkatesan, T., Shetty, P., Ojha, R., Ganiger, P. C., Navik, O., Subaharan, K., Bakthavatsalam, N., Ballal, C. R. and Raghavendra, A. 2018. Studies on new invasive pest Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its natural enemies. Journal of Biological Control 32:145–151.ShyleshaA. N.JalaliS. K.GuptaA.VarshneyR.VenkatesanT.ShettyP.OjhaR.GanigerP. C.NavikO.SubaharanK.BakthavatsalamN.BallalC. R. and RaghavendraA.2018. Studies on new invasive pest Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its natural enemies. 32:145–151.10.18311/jbc/2018/21707Search in Google Scholar
Souza, M. L., Sanches, M. M., de Souza, D. A., Faria, M., Espinel-Correal, C., Sihler, W. and Lopes, R. B. 2019. Within-host interactions of Metarhizium rileyi strains and nucleopolyhedroviruses in Spodoptera frugiperda and Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 162:10–18.SouzaM. L.SanchesM. M.de SouzaD. A.FariaM.Espinel-CorrealC.SihlerW. and LopesR. B.2019. Within-host interactions of Metarhizium rileyi strains and nucleopolyhedroviruses in Spodoptera frugiperda and Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). 162:10–18.10.1016/j.jip.2019.01.006Search in Google Scholar
Tarla, G., Tarla, S. and İslamoğlu, M. 2015. First report of Hexamermis sp. (Nematoda: Mermithidae) parasitizing Eurygaster maura (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae) in an overwintering area. Florida Entomologist 98:974–978.TarlaG.TarlaS. and İslamoğluM.2015. First report of Hexamermis sp. (Nematoda: Mermithidae) parasitizing Eurygaster maura (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae) in an overwintering area. 98:974–978.10.1653/024.098.0328Search in Google Scholar
Todd, E. L. and Poole, R. W. 1998. Keys and illustrations for the armyworm moths of the noctuid genus Spodoptera Guenée from the Western Hemisphere. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 73:722–738.ToddE. L. and PooleR. W.1998. Keys and illustrations for the armyworm moths of the noctuid genus Spodoptera Guenée from the Western Hemisphere. 73:722–738.10.1093/aesa/73.6.722Search in Google Scholar
Viteri, D. M., Linares, A. M. and Flores, L. 2018. Use of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae in combination with low-toxicity insecticides to control fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae. Florida Entomologist 101:327–329.ViteriD. M.LinaresA. M. and FloresL.2018. Use of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae in combination with low-toxicity insecticides to control fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae. 101:327–329.10.1653/024.101.0228Search in Google Scholar
Wang, J. Y., Xu, F., Liu, X. S. and Wang, G. X. 2007. Molecular phylogeny of entomopathogenic nematodes (Mermithidae) inferred from DNA sequences of 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA and COI genes. Acta Zoologica Sinica 53:835–844.WangJ. Y.XuF.LiuX. S. and WangG. X.2007. Molecular phylogeny of entomopathogenic nematodes (Mermithidae) inferred from DNA sequences of 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA and COI genes. 53:835–844.Search in Google Scholar
Yu, S. J., Nguyen, S. N. and Abo-Elghar, G. E. 2003. Biochemical characteristics of insecticide resistance in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 77:1–11.YuS. J.NguyenS. N. and Abo-ElgharG. E.2003. Biochemical characteristics of insecticide resistance in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). 77:1–11.10.1016/S0048-3575(03)00079-8Search in Google Scholar
Zhang, Z.-L., Lei, S.-F., Wang, H.-S., He, J.-F. and Yang, Y.-C. 1992. Release of the infective juveniles of Ovomermis sinensis (Nematoda: Mermithidae) to control armyworm, Mythimna separata (Lep.: Noctuidae) in wheat field in 1990. (in Chinese), Chinese Journal of Biological Control 8:148–150.ZhangZ.-L.LeiS.-F.WangH.-S.HeJ.-F. and YangY.-C.1992. Release of the infective juveniles of Ovomermis sinensis (Nematoda: Mermithidae) to control armyworm, Mythimna separata (Lep.: Noctuidae) in wheat field in 1990. (in Chinese), 8:148–150.Search in Google Scholar
Zhang, L., Jin, M. H., Zhang, D. D., Jinag, Y. Y., Liu, J., Wu, K. M. and Xiao, Y. T. 2019. Molecular identification of invasive fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda in Yunnan Province. (in Chinese), Plant Protection 45:19–24.ZhangL.JinM. H.ZhangD. D.JinagY. Y.LiuJ.WuK. M. and XiaoY. T.2019. Molecular identification of invasive fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda in Yunnan Province. (in Chinese), 45:19–24.Search in Google Scholar
Zhao, S., Sun, X. X., Zhang, H. W., Yang, X. M. and Wu, K. M. 2019. Laboratory test on the control efficacy of common chemical insecticides against Spodoptera frugiperda. (in Chinese), Plant Protection 45:10–14.ZhaoS.SunX. X.ZhangH. W.YangX. M. and WuK. M.2019. Laboratory test on the control efficacy of common chemical insecticides against Spodoptera frugiperda. (in Chinese), 45:10–14.Search in Google Scholar