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Nematicide influence on cotton yield and plant-parasitic nematodes in conventional and sod-based crop rotation

Lesley A. Schumacher
Lesley A. Schumacher
, 
Zane J. Grabau
Zane J. Grabau
, 
David L. Wright
David L. Wright
, 
Ian M. Small
Ian M. Small
 y 
Hui-Ling Liao
Hui-Ling Liao
   | 16 abr 2020
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Publicado en línea: 16 abr 2020
Páginas: 1 - 14
Recibido: 10 oct 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2020-034
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© 2020 Lesley A. Schumacher et al., published by Sciendo.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

Reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) population density (nematodes/100 cm3 soil) as influenced by crop phase in 2017 and 2018 soil samples. CS is the cotton phase of the sod-based rotation, C1 is first-year conventional cotton, and C2 is second-year conventional cotton. Different letters denote significant differences between crop phases (Fisher’s protected LSD, p ≤ 0.05).
Reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) population density (nematodes/100 cm3 soil) as influenced by crop phase in 2017 and 2018 soil samples. CS is the cotton phase of the sod-based rotation, C1 is first-year conventional cotton, and C2 is second-year conventional cotton. Different letters denote significant differences between crop phases (Fisher’s protected LSD, p ≤ 0.05).

Figure 2:

Ring nematode (Mesocriconema ornatum) population density (nematodes/100 cm3 soil) as influenced by crop phase in 2017 and 2018 soil samples. CS is the cotton phase of the sod-based rotation, C1 is first-year conventional cotton, and C2 is second-year conventional cotton. Different letters denote significant differences between crop phases (Fisher’s protected LSD, p ≤ 0.05).
Ring nematode (Mesocriconema ornatum) population density (nematodes/100 cm3 soil) as influenced by crop phase in 2017 and 2018 soil samples. CS is the cotton phase of the sod-based rotation, C1 is first-year conventional cotton, and C2 is second-year conventional cotton. Different letters denote significant differences between crop phases (Fisher’s protected LSD, p ≤ 0.05).

Figure 3:

Spiral nematode (Helicotylenchus dihystera) population density (nematodes/100 cm3 soil) as influenced by nematicide application in 2017 and 2018 soil samples. With nematicide and without nematicide refer to the absence or presence of fluopyram, respectively. *indicates significant nematicide effect within the given season (p ≤ 0.05).
Spiral nematode (Helicotylenchus dihystera) population density (nematodes/100 cm3 soil) as influenced by nematicide application in 2017 and 2018 soil samples. With nematicide and without nematicide refer to the absence or presence of fluopyram, respectively. *indicates significant nematicide effect within the given season (p ≤ 0.05).

Figure 4:

Cotton seed yield (kg/ha) in 2017 and 2018. CS is the cotton phase of the sod-based rotation, C1 is first-year conventional cotton, and C2 is second-year conventional cotton. With nematicide and without nematicide refer to absence or presence of fluopyram, respectively. Different letters denote significant differences between nematicide treatments within crop phase (Fisher’s protected LSD, p ≤ 0.05).
Cotton seed yield (kg/ha) in 2017 and 2018. CS is the cotton phase of the sod-based rotation, C1 is first-year conventional cotton, and C2 is second-year conventional cotton. With nematicide and without nematicide refer to absence or presence of fluopyram, respectively. Different letters denote significant differences between nematicide treatments within crop phase (Fisher’s protected LSD, p ≤ 0.05).

Crop phase for bahiagrass, peanut, and cotton during 2016 to 2019a.

Phase number Rotation 2016 2017 2018 2019
1 Conventional P C1 C2 P
2 Conventional C1 C2 P C1
3 Conventional C2 P C1 C2
4 Bahiagrass CS B1 B2 PS
5 Bahiagrass B1 B2 PS CS
6 Bahiagrass B2 PS CS B1
7 Bahiagrass PS CS B1 B2

Cotton planting, nematode sampling, cotton harvest, and irrigation dates in 2017 and 2018.

  2017 2018
Cotton planting April 28 April 27
Soil samplinga
 Preplant (Pi) April 13 April 19
 Midseason (Pm) June 19 June 22
 Harvest (Pf) September 25 September 25
Root sampling June 19 June 22
Cotton harvest October 17 October 8
Irrigation eventsb May 10 May 12
July 5 June 26
August 2 July 12
August 25 July 18

Effects of irrigation, crop phase, and nematicide application on Mesocriconema ornatum and Helicotylenchus dihystera in 2017 and 2018.

Mesocriconema ornatum population density
2017 2018
Pia Pm Pf Rf Pi Pm Pf Rf
ANOVA (p values)
 Irrigation (I) 0.14 0.19 0.29 0.96 < 0.01** 0.43 0.97 0.76
 Crop phase (C) < 0.01** 0.02* < 0.01** 0.21 < 0.01** 0.05* 0.76 0.03*
 I × C 0.04* 0.72 0.30 0.32 0.58 0.84 0.88 0.76
 Nematicide (N) 0.71 0.66 0.53 0.81 0.31 0.22 0.30 0.13
 I × N 0.68 0.42 0.15 0.98 0.78 0.10 0.27 0.74
 C × N 0.97 0.54 0.52 0.55 0.15 0.42 0.97 0.13
 I × C × N 0.34 0.87 0.63 0.42 0.99 0.25 0.55 0.76
Helicotylenchus dihystera population density
2017 2018
  Pia Pm Pf Rf Pi Pm Pf Rf
ANOVA (p values)
 Irrigation (I) 0.33 0.60 0.93 0.31 0.06 0.28 0.22 0.36
 Crop phase (C) 0.56 0.03* 0.19 0.90 0.07 0.15 0.04* 0.43
 I × C 0.85 0.34 0.98 0.60 0.57 0.50 0.56 0.39
 Nematicide (N) 0.02* 0.10 < 0.01** 0.75 0.02* 0.01** < 0.01** 0.42
 I × N 0.07 0.64 0.52 0.39 0.57 0.44 0.03* 0.50
 C × N 0.42 0.01** 0.06 0.25 0.25 0.06 0.02* 0.28
 I × C × N 0.64 0.09 0.29 0.37 0.40 0.15 0.09 0.24

Effects of irrigation, crop phase, and nematicide application on cotton seed yield and lint yield (kg/ha).

2017a 2018
Seed yield Lint yield Seed yield Lint yield
ANOVA (p values)
 Irrigation (I) 0.50 0.32 0.06 0.31
 Crop phase (C) 0.01** 0.01** 0.19 0.41
 I × C 0.64 0.72 0.53 0.62
 Nematicide (N) < 0.01** < 0.01** 0.03* 0.06
 I × N 0.81 0.79 0.40 0.65
 C × N 0.01** 0.09 0.05* 0.07
 I × C × N 0.45 0.58 0.07 0.22

Effects of irrigation, crop phase, and nematicide application on Rotylenchulus reniformis in 2017 and 2018.

Total Rotylenchulus reniformis population density
2017 2018
Pia Pm Pf Rf Pi Pm Pf Rf
ANOVA (p-values)
 Irrigation (I) 0.76 0.75 0.61 0.61 0.27 0.49 0.25 0.21
 Crop phase (C) < 0.01** < 0.01** < 0.01** 0.02* < 0.01** < 0.01** < 0.01** < 0.01**
 I × C 0.35 0.46 0.02* 0.79 0.05* 0.82 0.39 0.16
 Nematicide (N) 0.96 0.47 0.13 0.78 0.01** 0.22 0.13 0.78
 I × N 0.89 0.70 0.22 0.62 0.10 0.72 0.53 0.16
 C × N 0.18 0.75 0.84 0.50 0.29 0.90 0.74 0.41
 I × C × N 0.67 0.80 0.65 0.90 0.18 0.84 0.53 0.34
Ratio of Rotylenchulus reniformis immature females and juveniles: males
2017 2018
  Pia Pm Pf Pi Pm Pf
ANOVA (p-values)
 Irrigation (I) 0.11 0.34 0.15 0.11 0.46 0.19
 Crop phase (C) 0.05* 0.18 0.01** 0.02* 0.28 0.03*
 I × C 0.93 0.38 0.92 0.10 0.36 0.43
 Nematicide (N) 0.95 0.61 < 0.01** 0.40 0.56 0.75
 I × N 0.18 0.84 0.08 0.37 0.43 0.95
 C × N 0.87 0.50 0.02* 0.72 0.64 0.83
 I × C × N 0.97 0.37 0.06 0.43 0.73 0.94
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