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Compact wideband-printed antenna for sub-6 GHz fifth-generation applications

Ankush Kapoor
Ankush Kapoor
, 
Ranjan Mishra
Ranjan Mishra
 y 
Pradeep Kumar
Pradeep Kumar
   | 20 nov 2020
International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems's Cover Image
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Article Category: Research-Article
Publicado en línea: 20 nov 2020
Páginas: 1 - 10
Recibido: 04 ago 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/ijssis-2020-033
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© 2020 Ankush Kapoor et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

Geometry of the antenna. (A) Top view of the rectangular-patch antenna (RPA), (B) side view of RPA, (C) RPA with full ground plane, (D) PG-RPA, (E) PSG-RPA1 with a polygon cut with six segments, and (F) PSG-RPA2 with a polygon cut with 18 segments.
Geometry of the antenna. (A) Top view of the rectangular-patch antenna (RPA), (B) side view of RPA, (C) RPA with full ground plane, (D) PG-RPA, (E) PSG-RPA1 with a polygon cut with six segments, and (F) PSG-RPA2 with a polygon cut with 18 segments.

Figure 2:

Schematic configuration steps followed to reach our design geometry.
Schematic configuration steps followed to reach our design geometry.

Figure 3:

Comparative analysis of the reflection coefficient for various design steps.
Comparative analysis of the reflection coefficient for various design steps.

Figure 4:

Voltage-standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the antennas PSG-RPA1 (bandwidth of 500 MHz ) and PSG-RPA2 (bandwidth of 700 MHz ).
Voltage-standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the antennas PSG-RPA1 (bandwidth of 500 MHz ) and PSG-RPA2 (bandwidth of 700 MHz ).

Figure 5:

Radiation intensity for the proposed antenna with (A) E- and H-plane pattern of PSG-RPA1 at 3 . 41 GHz and 3 . 83 GHz (BW 500 MHz ) and (B) E- and H-plane pattern of PSG-RPA2 at 3 . 41 GHz and 3 . 83 GHz (BW 700 MHz ).
Radiation intensity for the proposed antenna with (A) E- and H-plane pattern of PSG-RPA1 at 3 . 41 GHz and 3 . 83 GHz (BW 500 MHz ) and (B) E- and H-plane pattern of PSG-RPA2 at 3 . 41 GHz and 3 . 83 GHz (BW 700 MHz ).

Figure 6:

Gain plot for the proposed antenna with (A) PSG-RPA1 (BW 500 MHz ) and (B) PSG-RPA2 (BW 700 MHz ).
Gain plot for the proposed antenna with (A) PSG-RPA1 (BW 500 MHz ) and (B) PSG-RPA2 (BW 700 MHz ).

Figure 7:

Antenna prototype of PSG-RPA2 (A) front view, (B) back view, and (c) measurement setup.
Antenna prototype of PSG-RPA2 (A) front view, (B) back view, and (c) measurement setup.

Figure 8:

Comparison of reflection-coefficient curves of simulated and measured designs for PSG-RPA2 possessing a bandwidth of   700 MHz .
Comparison of reflection-coefficient curves of simulated and measured designs for PSG-RPA2 possessing a bandwidth of   700 MHz .

Parametric performance analysis of different design iterations (FR4 substrate is used).

Parameter variation Resonant frequency (GHz) Impedance bandwidth (MHz) Reflection coefficient (dB)
Conventional RPA 4.02 30 −10.64
RPA with partial ground plane 3.88 250 −53
RPA with hexagonal partial ground plane 3.64 5.3 −14.56
RPA with polygon partial ground plane (proposed) 3.41 and 3.83 700 −26.17 and −31.15
Variation of width of strip feed (Wf) in mm in RPA with polygon partial ground plane
0.5 3.41 and 3.83 700 −26.17 and −31.15
1 3.69 650 −38.27
1.5 3.69 600 −38
2 3.66 550 −27.61
2.5 3.66 500 −22.51
3 3.66 479 −21.30

Comparison of our design with previous researches.

Parameters
References Bandwidth (GHz) Center frequency (GHz) Patch size Substrate parameters Maximum gain (dBi)
Guo et al. (2011) 2.6-6 4.3 0.78λ0 × 0.31λ0 ∈r = 2.2, h = 0.01λ0 ∽9
Sekeljic et al. (2019) 2.5-4.9 3.7 0.61λ0 × 0.24λ0 ∈r = 4.4, h = 0.01λ0 ∽4
Tang et al. (2019) 2.3-5.2 3.7 0.58λ0 × 0.23λ0 ∈r = 2.5, h = 0.006λ0 ∽3
Shukla et al. (2016) 4.0-9.7 6.8 0.68λ0 × 0.68λ0 ∈r = 4.4, h = 0.03λ0 ∽4
Pathak and Singhal (2018) 5.1-7.5 6.3 0.42λ0 × 0.31λ0 ∈r = 4.4, h = 0.03λ0 ∽2.8
Proposed antenna PSG-RPA2 3.3-4.0 3.65 0.43λ0 × 0.19λ0 ∈r = 4.4, h = 0.01λ0 ∽2.5

Comparison of simulated and measured results of the PSG-RPA2 (FR4 substrate with h = 1 . 6 mm ).

Parameters Simulated results Measured results
Lower cut-off frequency (fL) (GHz) 3.28 3.3
Higher cut-off frequency (fH) (GHz) 4.00 4.02
Bandwidth (MHz) 720 720
VSWR (at 3.41 GHz) 1.55 1.14
VSWR (at 3.83 GHz) 1.70 1.17
Minimum reflection coefficient (dB) −31.15 −34.98

Dimensions of PSG-RPA2 (FR4 substrate with h = 1.6 mm).

Parameters Lp Wp Wf Lf Lg Wg No. of polygon segments in PSG-RPA2
Dimension 36 mm 16 mm 0.5 mm 2 mm 20 mm 28 mm 18

Comparison of simulated results of designed antennas, i.e., PSG-RPA1 and PSG-RPA2.

Parameters PSG-RPA1 PSG-RPA2
Lower cut-off frequency (fL) 3.25 GHz 3.28 GHz
Higher cut-off frequency (fH) 3.75 GHz 4.00 GHz
Bandwidth 500 MHz 720 MHz
VSWR (at 3.41 GHz) 1.95 1.55
VSWR (at 3.83 GHz) 1.66 1.70
Gain 2.3 dB 2.5 dB
Reflection coefficient −13.35 dB −31.15 dB
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