Received O&M services | Did not receive O&M services | |
---|---|---|
Active pedestrian traveller | 6 | 3 |
Reducing or eliminating pedestrian travel due to age and related concerns | 1 | |
Does not engage in pedestrian travel | 1 | 2 |
Visual characteristic | Number of participants experiencing this characteristic ( |
---|---|
Glare: sensitivity to light from the sun, indoor/outdoor lighting, overall illumination, even on cloudy days, reflections, light surfaces, computer/video screens | 8 |
Limited depth perception: challenges perceiving level changes, descending steps, the speed at which items are moving toward the individual (e.g. oncoming vehicle) | 6 |
6 | |
Night blindness: decreased functional vision in dimly lit environments | |
Changes between light and dark: prolonged periods of time for the eyes to adjust when moving from a bright to dark environment or vice versa | 9 |
Limited contrast perception: decreased ability to perceive low contrast visual stimuli and preference for highly contrasting conditions | 6 |
Scotoma: blind spot | 4 |
Central vision loss: vision in the central part of the eyes | 7 |
Field of vision loss: loss of peripheral field of vision around the perimeter in one of both eyes | 9 |
Diagnosis | General characteristics | Functional vision considerations for O&M |
Source |
---|---|---|---|
Retinitis pigmentosa | Progressive, degenerative condition; can be detected early in life. Most vision loss occurs in adulthood. Late-onset RP occurs in mid adulthood | Affects night vision, loss of visual fields, scotoma; central acuity remains intact until later stages of RP |
|
Diabetic retinopathy | Progressive, degenerative; can occur at any age; retinal damage and detachment, cataracts, field of vision loss with scotomas | Glare, visual field loss, scotomas, light adaptation, fluctuations, and depth perception |
|
Age-related macular degeneration | Progressive, central loss of vision | Glare, scotomas, vision fluctuation, depth perception |
|
Cataracts | Clouding, blurring of vision | Glare, light adaptation, vision fluctuations, depth perception | Bruce (2004), |
Glaucoma | Progressive loss of peripheral field vision, blind spots | Glare, peripheral field loss, night blindness, light adaptation, fluctuating vision, depth perception |
|