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A brokerage-based measure of organizational diversity and exploratory analysis of regulatory violations among Fortune 100 corporations

Roy C. Barnes
Roy C. Barnes
 y 
David J. Luke
David J. Luke
   | 15 jun 2021
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Publicado en línea: 15 jun 2021
Páginas: 7 - 24
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/connections-2021.021
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© 2021 Roy C. Barnes et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

Five types of brokerage roles.
Five types of brokerage roles.

Figure 2:

Decomposition of brokerage roles and classification of type of race-sex diversity.
Decomposition of brokerage roles and classification of type of race-sex diversity.

Figure 3:

Network of directors from Abbott Laboratories and Neighbors, 2005.
Network of directors from Abbott Laboratories and Neighbors, 2005.

Figure 4:

Average brokerage roles and classification of type of race-sex diversity, 2005.
Average brokerage roles and classification of type of race-sex diversity, 2005.

Profile of the F100 corporations.

SIC division 2005 revenue, in $ billions
N Ave. Max Min
Finance, insurance, and real estate 27 46.3 131.0 21.3
Manufacturing 39 65.1 339.9 21.3
Mining 1 59.0 59.0 59.0
Retail trade 15 62.4 315.7 23.3
Services 4 31.1 39.8 24.5
Transportation, communications, electric, gas, and sanitary services 9 38.5 75.1 22.3
Wholesale trade 5 53.8 80.5 28.8

Linear regression results: predicting 2005 (ln) total regulatory violations with brokerage-based measures of diversity.

Standardized beta coefficients
Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 Model 4 Model 5 Model 6
B B B B B B
N brokerage roles, No diversity 0.177 0.012 0.044
N brokerage roles, race diversity −0.053 −0.122 −0.167
N brokerage roles, sex diversity −0.247† −0.328* −0.381*
N brokerage roles, both diversity 0.164 0.023 −0.032
Percent white males (on the board) −0.065 −0.130 −0.232
Index of qualitative variation (IQV) 0.058 −0.029 −0.114
Proportion of women on interlocked boards −0.117 −0.100 −0.008
Proportion of women on interlocked boards, (excluding focal corporation) 0.078 0.063 −0.013
Board size −0.019 0.077 0.021 0.150
Corporate degree 0.093 0.341 0.067 0.397
R 2 0.041 0.010 0.007 0.051 0.015 0.077
F ratio 1.009 0.200 0.359 0.839 0.204 0.643

Descriptive statistics for F100 corporations.

N Min Max Mean SD
Dependent:
  Natural log of total number of regulatory violations 100 −4.605 4.234 1.095 2.265
Brokerage-based measures of diversity:
  Number of brokerage roles, no diversity 100 0 1950 456.40 427.72
  Number of brokerage roles, race diversity 100 0 1768 328.68 423.26
  Number of brokerage roles, sex diversity 100 0 1244 330.28 305.52
  Number of brokerage roles, both diversity 100 0 1686 304.82 348.86
Competing measures of diversity:
  Proportion white males 100 0.400 0.929 0.724 0.107
  Index of qualitative variation 100 0.177 0.889 0.558 0.157
  Proportion of women on interlocked boards 88 0.042 0.342 0.170 0.049
  Proportion of women on interlocked board (excluding focal corporation) 88 0.000 0.300 0.167 0.054
Network controls:
  Board size 100 7 20 12.48 2.26
  Corporation degree 100 0 12 3.86 2.81
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