Acceso abierto

Coagulant Cost Optimization for Surface Water Coagulation Process

Małgorzata WOLSKA
Małgorzata WOLSKA
, 
Marek MOŁCZAN
Marek MOŁCZAN
, 
Anna SOLIPIWKO-PIEŚCIK
Anna SOLIPIWKO-PIEŚCIK
 y 
Halina URBAŃSKA-KOZŁOWSKA
Halina URBAŃSKA-KOZŁOWSKA
   | 04 abr 2019
Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment's Cover Image
Acerca de este artículo
Artículo anterior
Artículo siguiente
Cite
Publicado en línea: 04 abr 2019
Páginas: 153 - 161
Recibido: 15 jul 2017
Aceptado: 27 jun 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/acee-2018-048
Palabras clave
© 2018 Małgorzata Wolska et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1.

Ranges and average turbidity reduction efficiency
Ranges and average turbidity reduction efficiency

Figure 2.

Ranges and average DOC removal efficiency
Ranges and average DOC removal efficiency

Figure 3.

Relationship between UV254 removal effectiveness and DOC removal
Relationship between UV254 removal effectiveness and DOC removal

Figure 4.

Unit organic substance removal efficiency in the second stage of the study (doses test I: 1.8; 2.3; 2.7; 3.0; 3.5; 4.5 g Al/m3; test II: 2.5; 3.0; 3.3; 3.6; 3.9; 4.5 g Al/m3)
Unit organic substance removal efficiency in the second stage of the study (doses test I: 1.8; 2.3; 2.7; 3.0; 3.5; 4.5 g Al/m3; test II: 2.5; 3.0; 3.3; 3.6; 3.9; 4.5 g Al/m3)

Water parameter ranges before and after coagulation

Temp. °C*** pH Alkalinity, val/m3 Tr, NTU C, g Pt/m3 UV 254, m-1 DOC, g C/m3 SUVA254, m2/g C
  T I TII T I TII T I TII T I TII T I TII T I TII T I TII T I TII
RW* 9 12 8.09 7.83 3.14 3 5.1 48.9 8.9 8.2 9.49 8.9 3.9 4.7 2.43 1.89
I Stage
C1 17.5-18.8 13.8-14.7 7.74-8.06 7.24-7.50 2.69-3.04 2.63-2.94 0.79-3.45 1.4-7.5 5.1-7.9 4.4-6.6 5.58-8.06 5.84-7.86 2.74-3.58 4.28-4.48 2.04-2.27 1.36-1.76
C2 15.2-16.0 14.1-14.8 7.98-8.10 7.68-7.75 3.00-3.02 2.92-2.95 2.09-4.48 3.0-8.5 5.8-7.8 3.8-6.1 5.82-7.95 4.71-7.20 2.53-3.28 3.53-4.58 1.97-2.54 1.33-1.57
C3 15.9-16.5 14.3-14.7 7.45-8.09 7.33-7.55 2.91-3.00 2.67-2.95 1.30-4.55 1.4-7.7 5.0-7.7 3.3-6.1 6.25-8.40 5.31-7.51 2.70-3.44 3.81-4.62 2.17-2.58 1.39-1.62
C4 13.6-16.1 13.3-14.0 7.38-7.91 7.15-7.52 2.87-3.06 2.47-2.93 1.07-6.10 2.3-9.8 4.6-6.3 3.7-6.1 5.62-7.95 5.47-7.66 2.70-3.44 4.34-4.61 2.08-2.31 1.26-1.63
C5 14.8-15.5 13.0-13.4 7.86-8.16 7.48-7.64 2.87-3.06 1.79-2.96 0.92-3.86 2.9-8.7 4.6-8.4 4.3-6.3 5.67-8.75 5.74-7.65 2.96-4.06 4.21-4.86 1.91-2.31 1.36-1.61
C6 14.4-15.3 12.2-13.4 8.12-8.21 7.61-7.78 2.93-3.05 2.88-2.97 0.81-2.52 3.1-6.9 4.9-8.4 4.1-6.7 6.01-8.64 5.17-7.63 2.74-5.88 3.75-4.56 1.03-2.59 1.38-1.67
C7 15.2-16.2 12.4-12.8 8.11-8.25 8.00-8.09 3.08-3.02 2.88-2.95 0.88-3.50 1.3-6.6 5.0-8.1 4.6-7.4 5.49-8.16 5.50-8.07 3.10-3.99 3.29-4.20 2.03-2.51 1.67-1.92
C8 11.3-13.2 13.8-14.8 7.84-8.25 7.93-8.00 2.94-3.03 2.92-2.98 1.96-3.31 4.4-9.0 6.4-8.7 5.0-7.7 6.23-8.49 5.83-8.35 3.10-3.99 3.71-4.35 1.93-2.17 1.56-1.92
C9 14.0-15.5 12.3-12.4 8.12-8.22 8.04-8.17 2.91-3.09 2.86-3.00 0.63-4.04 0.6-7.6 5.2-8.1 4.0-8.0 5.68-7.96 5.23-8.02 2.75-3.60 3.56-4.28 1.91-2.22 1.42-1.87
C10 10.1-11.5 11.3-11.6 8.11-8.22 8.06-8.17 2.93-3.14 2.88-2.94 2.24-3.44 3.8-7.9 5.4-7.2 4.7-7.1 5.68-7.63 5.50-7.86 2.97-3.61 3.59-4.42 1.91-2.11 1.53-1.82
II Stage
C1** 11.6-12.8 - 7.71-7.76 - 2.81-3.00 - 0.67-1.99 - 6.0-7.9 - 6.64-7.95 - 3.08-3.72 - 2.14-2.35 -
C2 11.2-14.4 14.0-15.7 8.00-8.14 7.67-7.78 3.02-3.10 2.74-2.85 0.87-2.57 1.1-3.8 5.5-6.9 5.6-6.4 6.10-6.92 6.65-7.40 2.96-3.27 4.00-4.33 2.06-2.28 1.63-1.73
C3 10.6-12.6 15.9-16.1 7.87-7.97 7.47-7.62 2.81-2.98 2.53-2.68 0.52-1.96 0.9-4.0 5.0-7.7 5.2-6.4 6.19-7.93 6.22-7.43 2.91-3.40 3.81-4.33 2.13-2.41 1.54-1.72
C4 12.5-13.5 16.6-17.4 7.45-7.78 7.94-8.02 2.58-2.91 2.90-2.93 0.90-2.08 1.9-5.0 4.8-5.4 5.8-6.5 6.12-6.75 6.29-7.01 2.96-3.18 3.86-4.16 2.07-2.22 1.61-1.71
C9 - 13.5-14.7 - 7.89-8.03 - 2.92-2.99 - 2.0-5.1 - 4.9-6.4 - 5.83-7.00 - 3.74-4.13 - 1.56-1.70

Comparison of effectiveness and coagulation process cost for chosen coagulants (at optimal dosages; red color marks greatest values)

coagulant C, %/g Al/m3 DOC, %/g Al/m3 UV254, %/gAl,m3 M, %/g Al/m3 Cost, PLN/ 1000m3
  T I T II T I T II T I T II T I T II T I T II
C1 9.0 - 3.2 - 7.3 - 29.2 - 21.00 -
C2 17.3 8.2 8.7 4.7 14.1 8.1 35.7 29.1 39.98 50.01
C3 8.0 8.1 4.4 3.0 6.5 6.3 23.5 29.2 39.99 40.10
C4 14.2 8.8 7.4 3.5 9.7 6.8 23.5 24.6 29.89* 40.07
C9 - 7.5 - 4.0 - 7.6 - 26.5 - 121.00

Characteristics of used coagulants

Coagulant Aluminum(Al+3) % Chlorides (Cl-) Alkalinity* pH Density, 20°C Price Additives
  % % % - g/dm3 PLN/kgAl -
C1; PAX16 8.2 ±0.2 19 ±2.0 37 ±5 1.0 1330 8.65 ‐
C2; PAX XL19H 12.5 ±0.3 8.5 ±1 85 ±5 3.5 1340 15.20 –
C3; PAX XL3 5.3 ±0.3 13.0 ±2 70 ±5 2.5 1210 14.28 Na+ ions
C4; ALS 4.2 ±0.2 - - 2.4 1310 10.86 –
C5; PAX XL10 5.0 ±0.2 11.5 ±1 70 ±10 2.5 1220   Na+, SO42-
C6; PAX 19F 8.5 ±0.3 5.5 ±0.5 85 ±5 4.0 1220   Al./Cl min. 1.6
C7; PAX 1910 10.5 ±0.5 6.0 ±0.5 85 ±5 4.0 1280    
C8; FLOKOR 1,2A 12.0 ±0.5 6.5 ±0.5 85 ±5 4.2 1290   –
C9;FLOKOR 1ASW 9.0 ±0.5 5.0 ±0.5 85 ±5 3.8 1220 37.80 SO42-:0.8 0.5%
C10; FLOKOR 1.5A 9.0 ±0.5 5.5 ±0.5 75 ±5 4.2 1200    

Ranges of unit effectivenesses

Parameter Unit First test Second test
    C1 C2 C3 C4 C2 C3 C4 C9
C %/gAl/m3 6.6-10.8 10.1-17.8 7.0-11.8 11.0-17.8 7.2-8.8 7.0-8.8 8.2-9.2 6.6-8.7
Tr %/gAl/m3 25.4-31.9 14.6-43.9 22.4-25.8 13.3-30.5 20.0-35.8 19.7-36.9 19.9-34.8 19.6-34.7
DOC %/gAl/m3 2.4-6.1 6.7-8.7 4.4-6.6 5.3-8.2 3.7-4.9 2.4-4.1 2.8-4.2 4.0-4.6
UV254 %/gAl/m3 5.4-8.8 9.8-15.3 6.1-8.7 7.9-11.9 7.2-8.6 5.7-6.8 6.5-7.1 6.6-8.6
eISSN:
1899-0142
Idioma:
Inglés
Calendario de la edición:
4 veces al año
Temas de la revista:
Architecture and Design, Architecture, Architects, Buildings
RSS Feed de revista