This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.
Kanasi E, Ayilavarapu S, Jones J. The aging population: demographics and the biology of aging. Periodontol 2000 2016;72(1):13-8. doi: 10.1111/prd.12126.Search in Google Scholar
World health statistics 2022: monitoring health for the SDGs, sustainable development goals. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2022. www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240051157 (12.04.2023).Search in Google Scholar
Mitchell E, Walker R. Global ageing: successes, challenges and opportunities. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2020;81(2):1-9. doi: 10.12968/hmed.2019.0377.Search in Google Scholar
Inouye SK, Studenski S, Tinetti ME, Kuchel GA. Geriatric syndromes: clinical, research, and policy implications of a core geriatric concept. J Am Geriatr Soc 2007;55(5):780-91. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01156.x.Search in Google Scholar
Morley JE. The Importance of geriatric syndromes. Mo Med 2017;114(2):99-100.Search in Google Scholar
Magnuson A, Sattar S, Nightingale G, Saracino R, Skonecki E, Trevino KM. A practical guide to geriatric syndromes in older adults with cancer: a focus on falls, cognition, polypharmacy, and depression. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2019;39:e96-e109. doi: 10.1200/EDBK_237641.Search in Google Scholar
Jaśkowski P, Krzanowska K. Zespół kruchości u pacjenta dializowanego otrzewnowo – implikacje kliniczne i terapeutyczne. Forum Nefrol 2019;12(3):152-8.Search in Google Scholar
Walston J, Buta B, Xue QL. Frailty screening and interventions: considerations for clinical practice. Clin Geriatr Med 2018;34(1):25-38. doi: 10.1016/j.cger.2017.09.004.Search in Google Scholar
Piejko L, Nawrat-Szołtysik A. Możliwości terapii zespołu kruchości u osób starszych. Geriatria 2017;11:283-9.Search in Google Scholar
Piejko L, Nawrat-Szołtysik A. Zespół kruchości – wyzwanie w starzejącym się społeczeństwie. Hygeia Public Health 2016;51(4):329-34.Search in Google Scholar
Sokołowski R, Ciesielska N, Czajkowska A, Bentryn D, Węgrzyn E, Oleksy P, et al. Patogeneza zespołu kruchości. J Health Sci 2014;4(9):197-204. doi: 10.13140/2.1.4322.4327Search in Google Scholar
Uchmanowicz I, Lisiak M, Jankowska-Polańska B. Narzędzia badawcze stosowane w ocenie zespołu kruchości. Gerontol Pol 2014;22(1):1-8.Search in Google Scholar
Seiffert P, Maślanka-Seiffert B, Derejczyk J, Marcisz C. Frailty – narzędzia diagnostyczne stosowane w praktyce klinicznej. Geriatria 2018;12:142-9.Search in Google Scholar
Sutorius FL, Hoogendijk EO, Prins BA, van Hout HP. Comparison of 10 single and stepped methods to identify frail older persons in primary care: diagnostic and prognostic accuracy. BMC Fam Pract 2016;17:102. doi: 10.1186/s12875-016-0487-y.Search in Google Scholar
Walston J, McBurnie MA, Newman A, Tracy RP, Kop WJ, Hirsch CH, et al. Frailty and activation of the inflammation and coagulation systems with and without clinical comorbidities: results from the Cardiovascular Health Study. Arch Intern Med 2002;162(20):2333-41. doi: 10.1001/archinte.162.20.2333.Search in Google Scholar
Collard RM, Boter H, Schoevers RA, Oude Voshaar RC. Prevalence of frailty in community-dwelling older persons: a systematic review. J Am Geriatr Soc 2012;60(8):1487-92. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.04054.x.Search in Google Scholar
Gobbens R JJ, Uchmanowicz I . Frailty viewed from a nursing perspective. SAGE Open Nurs 2023;9:23779608221150598. doi: 10.1177/23779608221150598.Search in Google Scholar
O’Caoimh R, Sezgin D, O’Donovan MR, Molloy DW, Clegg A, Rockwood K, et al. Prevalence of frailty in 62 countries across the world: a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-level studies. Age Ageing 2021;50(1):96-104. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afaa219.Search in Google Scholar
Siriwardhana DD, Hardoon S, Rait G, Weerasinghe MC, Walters KR. Prevalence of frailty and prefrailty among community-dwelling older adults in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2018;8(3):e018195. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018195.Search in Google Scholar
Santos-Eggimann B, Cuénoud P, Spagnoli J, Junod J. Prevalence of frailty in middle-aged and older community-dwelling Europeans living in 10 countries. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2009;64(6):675-81. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glp012.Search in Google Scholar
Bieniek J, Szewieczek J. Trudności diagnostyczne zespołu słabości u chorych geriatrycznych. Doniesienie wstępne. Gerontol Pol 2015;2:47-53.Search in Google Scholar
Życzkowska J, Grądalski T. Zespół słabości ( frailty) – co powinien o nim wiedzieć onkolog? Onkol Prak Klin 2010;6(2):79-84.Search in Google Scholar
Oliveira FMRL, Barbosa KTF, Rodrigues MMP, Fernandes MDGM. Frailty syndrome in the elderly: conceptual analysis according to Walker and Avant. Rev Bras Enferm 2020;73 Suppl 3:e20190601. doi: 10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0601.Search in Google Scholar
Donatelli NS, Somes J. What is Frailty? J Emerg Nurs 2017;43(3):272-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jen.2017.03.003.Search in Google Scholar
Wang J, Maxwell CA, Yu F. Biological processes and biomarkers related to frailty in older adults: a state-of-the-science literature review. Biol Res Nurs 2019;21(1):80-106. doi: 10.1177/1099800418798047.Search in Google Scholar
El Assar M, Angulo J, Rodríguez-Mañas L. Frailty as a phenotypic manifestation of underlying oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2020;149:72-7. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.08.011.Search in Google Scholar
Inglés M, Gambini J, Carnicero JA, García-García FJ, Rodríguez-Mañas L, Olaso-González G, et al. Oxidative stress is related to frailty, not to age or sex, in a geriatric population: lipid and protein oxidation as biomarkers of frailty. J Am Geriatr Soc 2014;62(7):1324-8. doi: 10.1111/jgs.12876.Search in Google Scholar
Pabst G, Zimmermann AK, Huth C, Koenig W, Ludwig T, Zierer A, et al. Association of low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels with the frailty syndrome in an aged population: Results from the KORA-age Augsburg study. J Nutr Health Aging 2015;19(3):258-64. doi: 10.1007/s12603-014-0546-9.Search in Google Scholar
Wilson D, Jackson T, Sapey E, Lord JM. Frailty and sarcopenia: The potential role of an aged immune system. Ageing Res Rev 2017;36:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.01.006.Search in Google Scholar
Clegg A, Young J, Iliffe S, Rikkert MO, Rockwood K. Frailty in elderly people. Lancet 2013;381(9868):752-62. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(12)62167-9.Search in Google Scholar
Ni Lochlainn M, Cox NJ, Wilson T, Hayhoe RPG, Ramsay SE, Granic A, et al. Nutrition and frailty: opportunities for prevention and treatment. Nutrients 2021;13(7):2349. doi: 10.3390/nu13072349.Search in Google Scholar
Vetrano DL, Palmer K, Marengoni A, Marzetti E, Lattanzio F, Roller-Wirnsberger R, et al. Frailty and multimorbidity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019;74(5):659-66. doi: 10.1093/gerona/gly110.Search in Google Scholar
Hoogendijk E O, Afilalo J, Ensrud K E, Kowal P, Onder G, Fried L P. Frailty: implications for clinical practice and public health. Lancet 2019;394(10206):1365-75. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31786-6.Search in Google Scholar
Pinheiro HA, Mucio AA, Oliveira LF. Prevalence and factors associated with the frailty syndrome in older adults in the Brazilian Federal District. Geriatr Gerontol Aging 2020;14(1):8-14. doi: 10.5327/Z2447-212320201900072.Search in Google Scholar
Jędrzejczyk M, Foryś W, Czapla M, Uchmanowicz I. Relationship between multimorbidity and disability in elderly patients with coexisting frailty syndrome. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022;19(6):3461. doi:10.3390/ijerph19063461.Search in Google Scholar
Rivera-Almaraz A, Manrique-Espinoza B, Ávila-Funes JA, Chatterji S, Naidoo N, Kowal P, et al. Disability, quality of life and all-cause mortality in older Mexican adults: association with multimorbidity and frailty. BMC Geriatr 2018;18(1):236. doi:10.1186/s12877-018-0928-7.Search in Google Scholar
Eyigor S, Kutsal YG, Duran E, Huner B, Paker N, Durmus B, et al. Frailty prevalence and related factors in the older adult – FrailTURK Project. Age (Dordr) 2015;37(3):9791. doi: 10.1007/s11357-015-9791-z.Search in Google Scholar
Soysal P, Veronese N, Thompson T, Kahl KG, Fernandes BS, Prina AM, et al. Relationship between depression and frailty in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2017;36:78-87. doi: 10.1016/j. arr.2017.03.005.Search in Google Scholar
Korzonek M, Fenger W, Czarnota-Chlewicka J, Bikowska M. Zespół słabości – geriatryczny problem XXI w. Hygeia Public Health 2018;53(1):31-8.Search in Google Scholar
Gabryś T, Bajorek A, Malinowska-Lipień I. Zespół słabości – zasadniczy problem zdrowotny osób starszych. Część I. Gerontol Pol 2015;1:29-33.Search in Google Scholar
Wróblewska I, Bilewicz K. Zespół słabości u pacjentów w podeszłym wieku. Współcz Pielęgn Ochr Zdr 2019;8(3):95-8.Search in Google Scholar
Łęgosz P, Krzowski B, Płatek A, Ryś A, Semczuk-Kaczmarek K, Szymański FM, et al. Zespół kruchości w gabinecie lekarza praktyka – o czym należy pamiętać? Folia Cardiol 2018;13(2):137-43.Search in Google Scholar
Sacha M, Sacha J, Wieczorowska-Tobis K. Zespół kruchości, zdrowe starzenie się, zapobieganie utracie samodzielności z perspektywy krajów frankofońskich. Geriatria 2018;12:156-61.Search in Google Scholar
Sacha J, Sacha M, Soboń J, Borysiuk Z, Feusette P. Is it time to begin a public campaign concerning frailty and pre-frailty? A review article. Front Physiol 2017;8:484. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00484.Search in Google Scholar
Ki S, Yun JH, Lee Y, Won CW, Kim M, Kim CO, et al. Development of guidelines on the primary prevention of frailty in community-dwelling older adults. Ann Geriatr Med Res 2021;25(4):237-44. doi: 10.4235/agmr.21.0072.Search in Google Scholar
Zheng L, Li G, Qiu Y, Wang C, Wang C, Chen L. Clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and management of frailty: A systematic review. J Adv Nurs 2022;78(3):709-21. doi: 10.1111/jan.15067.Search in Google Scholar
Oliveira JS, Pinheiro MB, Fairhall N, Walsh S, Chesterfield Franks T, Kwok W, et al. Evidence on physical activity and the prevention of frailty and sarcopenia among older people: a systematic review to inform the World Health Organization physical activity guidelines. J Phys Act Health 2020;17(12):1247-58. doi: 10.1123/jpah.2020-0323.Search in Google Scholar
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. 2008; p.1-6. https://health.gov/sites/default/files/2019-09/paguide.pdf (12.04.2023).Search in Google Scholar
Białkowska J, Mroczkowska D. Specyfika rehabilitacji pacjentów geriatrycznych z wielochorobowością – opis przypadku 82-letniego pacjenta. Geriatria 2014;8:196-200.Search in Google Scholar
Dedeyne L, Deschodt M, Verschueren S, Tournoy J, Gielen E. Effects of multi-domain interventions in (pre)frail elderly on frailty, functional, and cognitive status: a systematic review. Clin Interv Aging 2017;12:873-96. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S130794.Search in Google Scholar
Cherniack EP, Florez HJ, Troen BR. Emerging therapies to treat frailty syndrome in the elderly. Altern Med Rev 2007;12(3):246-58.Search in Google Scholar
Maggio M, De Vita F, Lauretani F, Buttò V, Bondi G, Cattabiani C, et al. IGF-1, the cross road of the nutritional, inflammatory and hormonal pathways to frailty. Nutrients 2013;5(10):4184-205. doi: 10.3390/nu5104184.Search in Google Scholar
Widmer RJ, Flammer AJ, Lerman LO, Lerman A. The Mediterranean diet, its components, and cardiovascular disease. Am J Med 2015;128(3):229-38. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.10.014.Search in Google Scholar
Millar CL, Costa E, Jacques PF, Dufour AB, Kiel DP, Hannan MT, et al. Adherence to the Mediterranean-style diet and high intake of total carotenoids reduces the odds of frailty over 11 years in older adults: Results from the Framingham Offspring Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2022;116(3):630-9. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac130.Search in Google Scholar