Ultrasound and MRI of the foot in children and adolescents newly diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis

1. McCurdy D, Parsa MF: Updates in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Adv Pediatr 2021; 68: 143–170. doi: 10.1016/j.yapd.2021.05.014. McCurdy D Parsa MF : Updates in juvenile idiopathic arthritis . Adv Pediatr 2021 ; 68 : 143 – 170 . doi: 10.1016/j.yapd.2021.05.014 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

2. Sacks JJ, Helmick CG, Luo YH, Ilowite NT, Bowyer S: Prevalence of and annual ambulatory health care visits for pediatric arthritis and other rheumatologic conditions in the United States in 2001–2004. Arthritis Rheum 2007; 57(8): 1439–1445. doi: 10.1002/art.23087. Sacks JJ Helmick CG Luo YH Ilowite NT Bowyer S : Prevalence of and annual ambulatory health care visits for pediatric arthritis and other rheumatologic conditions in the United States in 2001–2004 . Arthritis Rheum 2007 ; 57 ( 8 ): 1439 – 1445 . doi: 10.1002/art.23087 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

3. Hemke R, Kuijpers TW, van den Berg JM, van Veenendaal M, Dolman KM, van Rossum MA et al.: The diagnostic accuracy of unenhanced MRI in the assessment of joint abnormalities in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Eur Radiol 2013; 23(7): 1998–2004. doi: 10.1007/s00330-013-2770-9. Hemke R Kuijpers TW van den Berg JM van Veenendaal M Dolman KM van Rossum MA .: The diagnostic accuracy of unenhanced MRI in the assessment of joint abnormalities in juvenile idiopathic arthritis . Eur Radiol 2013 ; 23 ( 7 ): 1998 – 2004 . doi: 10.1007/s00330-013-2770-9 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

4. Sudol-Szopinska I, Jans L, Jurik AG, Hemke R, Eshed I, Boutry N: Imaging features of the juvenile inflammatory arthropathies. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2018; 22(2): 147–165. doi: 10.1055/s-0038-1639468. Sudol-Szopinska I Jans L Jurik AG Hemke R Eshed I Boutry N : Imaging features of the juvenile inflammatory arthropathies . Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2018 ; 22 ( 2 ): 147 – 165 . doi: 10.1055/s-0038-1639468 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

5. Eng SWM, Aeschlimann FA, van Veenendaal M, Berard RA, Rosenberg AM, Morris Q et al.: Patterns of joint involvement in juvenile idiopathic arthritis and prediction of disease course: A prospective study with multilayer non-negative matrix factorization. PLoS Med 2019; 16(2): e1002750. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002750. Eng SWM Aeschlimann FA van Veenendaal M Berard RA Rosenberg AM Morris Q .: Patterns of joint involvement in juvenile idiopathic arthritis and prediction of disease course: A prospective study with multilayer non-negative matrix factorization . PLoS Med 2019 ; 16 ( 2 ): e1002750 . doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002750 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

6. Sudol-Szopinska I, Kontny E, Maslinski W, Prochorec-Sobieszek M, Kwiatkowska B, Zaniewicz-Kaniewska K et al.: The pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis in radiological studies. Part I: Formation of inflammatory infiltrates within the synovial membrane. J Ultrason 2012; 12(49): 202–213. doi: 10.15557/jou.2012.0007. Sudol-Szopinska I Kontny E Maslinski W Prochorec-Sobieszek M Kwiatkowska B Zaniewicz-Kaniewska K .: The pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis in radiological studies. Part I: Formation of inflammatory infiltrates within the synovial membrane . J Ultrason 2012 ; 12 ( 49 ): 202 – 213 . doi: 10.15557/jou.2012.0007 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

7. Hendry GJ, Gardner-Medwin J, Steultjens MP, Woodburn J, Sturrock RD, Turner DE: Frequent discordance between clinical and musculoskeletal ultrasound examinations of foot disease in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2012; 64(3): 441–447. doi: 10.1002/acr.20655. Hendry GJ Gardner-Medwin J Steultjens MP Woodburn J Sturrock RD Turner DE : Frequent discordance between clinical and musculoskeletal ultrasound examinations of foot disease in juvenile idiopathic arthritis . Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2012 ; 64 ( 3 ): 441 – 447 . doi: 10.1002/acr.20655 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

8. Naredo E, Rodriguez-Garcia SC, Terslev L, Martinoli C, Klauser A, Hartung W et al.: The EFSUMB guidelines and recommendations for musculoskeletal ultrasound – part II: joint pathologies, pediatric applications, and guided procedures. Ultraschall Med 2022; 43(3): 252–273. doi: 10.1055/a-1640-9183. Naredo E Rodriguez-Garcia SC Terslev L Martinoli C Klauser A Hartung W .: The EFSUMB guidelines and recommendations for musculoskeletal ultrasound – part II: joint pathologies, pediatric applications, and guided procedures . Ultraschall Med 2022 ; 43 ( 3 ): 252 – 273 . doi: 10.1055/a-1640-9183 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

9. Sheybani EF, Khanna G, White AJ, Demertzis JL: Imaging of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a multimodality approach. Radiographics 2013; 33(5): 1253–1273. doi: 10.1148/rg.335125178. Sheybani EF Khanna G White AJ Demertzis JL : Imaging of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a multimodality approach . Radiographics 2013 ; 33 ( 5 ): 1253 – 1273 . doi: 10.1148/rg.335125178 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

10. Sudol-Szopinska I, Kwiatkowska B, Prochorec-Sobieszek M, Pracon G, Walentowska-Janowicz M, Maslinski W: Enthesopathies and enthesitis. Part 2: Imaging studies. J Ultrason 2015; 15(61): 196–207. doi: 10.15557/jou.2015.0017. Sudol-Szopinska I Kwiatkowska B Prochorec-Sobieszek M Pracon G Walentowska-Janowicz M Maslinski W : Enthesopathies and enthesitis. Part 2: Imaging studies . J Ultrason 2015 ; 15 ( 61 ): 196 – 207 . doi: 10.15557/jou.2015.0017 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

11. Ostrowska M, Maslinski W, Prochorec-Sobieszek M, Nieciecki M, Sudol-Szopinska I: Cartilage and bone damage in rheumatoid arthritis. Reumatologia 2018; 56(2): 111–120. doi: 10.5114/reum.2018.75523. Ostrowska M Maslinski W Prochorec-Sobieszek M Nieciecki M Sudol-Szopinska I : Cartilage and bone damage in rheumatoid arthritis . Reumatologia 2018 ; 56 ( 2 ): 111 – 120 . doi: 10.5114/reum.2018.75523 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

12. Mundwiler ML, Maranian P, Brown DH, Silverman JM, Wallace D, Khanna D et al.: The utility of MRI in predicting radiographic erosions in the metatarsophalangeal joints of the rheumatoid foot: a prospective longitudinal cohort study. Arthritis Res Ther 2009; 11(3): R94. doi: 10.1186/ar2737. Mundwiler ML Maranian P Brown DH Silverman JM Wallace D Khanna D .: The utility of MRI in predicting radiographic erosions in the metatarsophalangeal joints of the rheumatoid foot: a prospective longitudinal cohort study . Arthritis Res Ther 2009 ; 11 ( 3 ): R94 . doi: 10.1186/ar2737 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

13. Kanda T, Nakai Y, Hagiwara A, Oba H, Toyoda K, Furui S: Distribution and chemical forms of gadolinium in the brain: a review. Br J Radiol 2017; 90(1079): 20170115. doi: 10.1259/bjr.20170115. Kanda T Nakai Y Hagiwara A Oba H Toyoda K Furui S : Distribution and chemical forms of gadolinium in the brain: a review . Br J Radiol 2017 ; 90 ( 1079 ): 20170115 . doi: 10.1259/bjr.20170115 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

14. Ranga A, Agarwal Y, Garg KJ: Gadolinium based contrast agents in current practice: Risks of accumulation and toxicity in patients with normal renal function. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2017; 27(2): 141–147. doi: 10.4103/0971-3026.209212. Ranga A Agarwal Y Garg KJ : Gadolinium based contrast agents in current practice: Risks of accumulation and toxicity in patients with normal renal function . Indian J Radiol Imaging 2017 ; 27 ( 2 ): 141 – 147 . doi: 10.4103/0971-3026.209212 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

15. Panwar J, Tolend M, Redd B, Srinivasalu H, Colbert RA, Akikusa J et al.: Consensus-driven conceptual development of a standardized whole body-MRI scoring system for assessment of disease activity in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: MRI in JIA OMERACT working group. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2021; 51(6): 1350–1359. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2021.07.017. Panwar J Tolend M Redd B Srinivasalu H Colbert RA Akikusa J .: Consensus-driven conceptual development of a standardized whole body-MRI scoring system for assessment of disease activity in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: MRI in JIA OMERACT working group . Semin Arthritis Rheum 2021 ; 51 ( 6 ): 1350 – 1359 . doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2021.07.017 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

16. Bruyn GA, Iagnocco A, Naredo E, Balint PV, Gutierrez M, Hammer HB et al.: OMERACT definitions for ultrasonographic pathologies and elementary lesions of rheumatic disorders 15 years on. J Rheumatol 2019; 46(10): 1388–1393. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.181095. Bruyn GA Iagnocco A Naredo E Balint PV Gutierrez M Hammer HB .: OMERACT definitions for ultrasonographic pathologies and elementary lesions of rheumatic disorders 15 years on . J Rheumatol 2019 ; 46 ( 10 ): 1388 – 1393 . doi: 10.3899/jrheum.181095 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

17. D’Agostino MA, Terslev L, Aegerter P, Backhaus M, Balint P, Bruyn GA et al.: Scoring ultrasound synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis: a EULAR-OMERACT ultrasound taskforce-Part 1: definition and development of a standardised, consensus-based scoring system. RMD Open 2017; 3(1): e000428. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2016-000428. D’Agostino MA Terslev L Aegerter P Backhaus M Balint P Bruyn GA .: Scoring ultrasound synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis: a EULAR-OMERACT ultrasound taskforce-Part 1: definition and development of a standardised, consensus-based scoring system . RMD Open 2017 ; 3 ( 1 ): e000428 . doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2016-000428 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

18. Pracoń G, Aparisi Gómez MP, Simoni P, Gietka P, Sudoł-Szopińska I: Conventional radiography and ultrasound imaging of rheumatic diseases affecting the pediatric population. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2021; 25(1): 68–81. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1726014. Pracoń G Aparisi Gómez MP Simoni P Gietka P Sudoł-Szopińska I : Conventional radiography and ultrasound imaging of rheumatic diseases affecting the pediatric population . Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2021 ; 25 ( 1 ): 68 – 81 . doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1726014 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

19. Phatak S, Mohindra N, Zanwar A, Aggarwal A: Prominent midfoot involvement in children with enthesitis-related arthritis category of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2017; 36(8): 1737–1745. doi: 10.1007/s10067-017-3733-3. Phatak S Mohindra N Zanwar A Aggarwal A : Prominent midfoot involvement in children with enthesitis-related arthritis category of juvenile idiopathic arthritis . Clin Rheumatol 2017 ; 36 ( 8 ): 1737 – 1745 . doi: 10.1007/s10067-017-3733-3 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

20. Hemke R, Nusman CM, van der Heijde DM, Doria AS, Kuijpers TW, Maas M et al.: Frequency of joint involvement in juvenile idiopathic arthritis during a 5-year follow-up of newly diagnosed patients: implications for MR imaging as outcome measure. Rheumatol Int 2015; 35(2): 351–357. doi: 10.1007/s00296-014-3108-x. Hemke R Nusman CM van der Heijde DM Doria AS Kuijpers TW Maas M .: Frequency of joint involvement in juvenile idiopathic arthritis during a 5-year follow-up of newly diagnosed patients: implications for MR imaging as outcome measure . Rheumatol Int 2015 ; 35 ( 2 ): 351 – 357 . doi: 10.1007/s00296-014-3108-x . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

21. Walter WR, Goldman LH, Rosenberg ZS: Pitfalls in MRI of the developing pediatric ankle. Radiographics 2021; 41(1): 210–223. doi: 10.1148/rg.2021200088. Walter WR Goldman LH Rosenberg ZS : Pitfalls in MRI of the developing pediatric ankle . Radiographics 2021 ; 41 ( 1 ): 210 – 223 . doi: 10.1148/rg.2021200088 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

22. Shabshin N, Schweitzer ME, Morrison WB, Carrino JA, Keller MS, Grissom LE: High-signal T2 changes of the bone marrow of the foot and ankle in children: red marrow or traumatic changes? Pediatr Radiol 2006; 36(7): 670–676. doi: 10.1007/s00247-006-0129-y. Shabshin N Schweitzer ME Morrison WB Carrino JA Keller MS Grissom LE : High-signal T2 changes of the bone marrow of the foot and ankle in children: red marrow or traumatic changes? Pediatr Radiol 2006 ; 36 ( 7 ): 670 – 676 . doi: 10.1007/s00247-006-0129-y . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

23. Sudoł-Szopińska I, Eshed I, Jans L, Herregods N, Teh J, Vojinovic J: Classifications and imaging of juvenile spondyloarthritis. J Ultrason 2018; 18(74): 224–233. doi: 10.15557/jou.2018.0033. Sudoł-Szopińska I Eshed I Jans L Herregods N Teh J Vojinovic J : Classifications and imaging of juvenile spondyloarthritis . J Ultrason 2018 ; 18 ( 74 ): 224 – 233 . doi: 10.15557/jou.2018.0033 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

24. Alvarez-Madrid C, Merino R, De Inocencio J, Garcia-Consuegra J: Tarsitis as an initial manifestation of juvenile spondyloarthropathy. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2009; 27(4): 691–694. Alvarez-Madrid C Merino R De Inocencio J Garcia-Consuegra J : Tarsitis as an initial manifestation of juvenile spondyloarthropathy . Clin Exp Rheumatol 2009 ; 27 ( 4 ): 691 – 694 . Search in Google Scholar

25. Basra HAS, Humphries PD: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis: what is the utility of ultrasound? Br J Radiol 2017; 90(1073): 20160920. doi: 10.1259/bjr.20160920. Basra HAS Humphries PD : Juvenile idiopathic arthritis: what is the utility of ultrasound? Br J Radiol 2017 ; 90 ( 1073 ): 20160920 . doi: 10.1259/bjr.20160920 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

26. do Prado AD, Staub HL, Bisi MC, da Silveira IG, Mendonca JA, Polido-Pereira J et al.: Ultrasound and its clinical use in rheumatoid arthritis: where do we stand? Adv Rheumatol 2018; 58(1): 19. doi: 10.1186/s42358-018-0023-y. do Prado AD Staub HL Bisi MC da Silveira IG Mendonca JA Polido-Pereira J .: Ultrasound and its clinical use in rheumatoid arthritis: where do we stand? Adv Rheumatol 2018 ; 58 ( 1 ): 19 . doi: 10.1186/s42358-018-0023-y . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

27. Windschall D, Malattia C: Ultrasound imaging in paediatric rheumatology. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2020; 34(6): 101570. doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2020.101570. Windschall D Malattia C : Ultrasound imaging in paediatric rheumatology . Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2020 ; 34 ( 6 ): 101570 . doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2020.101570 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

28. Onel KB, Horton DB, Lovell DJ, Shenoi S, Cuello CA, Angeles-Han ST et al.: 2021 American College of Rheumatology guideline for the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: recommendations for nonpharmacologic therapies, medication monitoring, immunizations, and imaging. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2022; 74(4): 505–520. doi: 10.1002/acr.24839. Onel KB Horton DB Lovell DJ Shenoi S Cuello CA Angeles-Han ST .: 2021 American College of Rheumatology guideline for the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: recommendations for nonpharmacologic therapies, medication monitoring, immunizations, and imaging . Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2022 ; 74 ( 4 ): 505 – 520 . doi: 10.1002/acr.24839 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

29. Sudoł-Szopińska I, Herregods N, Doria AS, Taljanovic MS, Gietka P, Tzaribachev N et al.: Advances in musculoskeletal imaging in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Biomedicines 2022; 10(10): 2417. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10102417. Sudoł-Szopińska I Herregods N Doria AS Taljanovic MS Gietka P Tzaribachev N .: Advances in musculoskeletal imaging in juvenile idiopathic arthritis . Biomedicines 2022 ; 10 ( 10 ): 2417 . doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10102417 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

30. De Grove V, Willekens I, Lenchik L, Shahabpour M, de Mey J, De Maeseneer M: Fluid distribution in ankle and midfoot joints: MR findings in asymptomatic volunteers. Surg Radiol Anat 2018; 40(5): 481–487. doi: 10.1007/s00276-017-1924-x. De Grove V Willekens I Lenchik L Shahabpour M de Mey J De Maeseneer M : Fluid distribution in ankle and midfoot joints: MR findings in asymptomatic volunteers . Surg Radiol Anat 2018 ; 40 ( 5 ): 481 – 487 . doi: 10.1007/s00276-017-1924-x . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

31. Hemke R, Herregods N, Jaremko JL, Astrom G, Avenarius D, Becce F et al.: Imaging assessment of children presenting with suspected or known juvenile idiopathic arthritis: ESSR-ESPR points to consider. Eur Radiol 2020; 30(10): 5237–5249. doi: 10.1007/s00330-020-06807-8. Hemke R Herregods N Jaremko JL Astrom G Avenarius D Becce F .: Imaging assessment of children presenting with suspected or known juvenile idiopathic arthritis: ESSR-ESPR points to consider . Eur Radiol 2020 ; 30 ( 10 ): 5237 – 5249 . doi: 10.1007/s00330-020-06807-8 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

32. Burnham JM, Shults J, Weinstein R, Lewis JD, Leonard MB: Childhood onset arthritis is associated with an increased risk of fracture: a population based study using the General Practice Research Database. Ann Rheum Dis 2006; 65(8): 1074–1079. doi: 10.1136/ard.2005.048835. Burnham JM Shults J Weinstein R Lewis JD Leonard MB : Childhood onset arthritis is associated with an increased risk of fracture: a population based study using the General Practice Research Database . Ann Rheum Dis 2006 ; 65 ( 8 ): 1074 – 1079 . doi: 10.1136/ard.2005.048835 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar