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Reference values for the cross-sectional area of the normal sciatic nerve using high-resolution ultrasonography

Kunwar Pal Singh
Kunwar Pal Singh
, 
Prabhjot Singh
Prabhjot Singh
 y 
Kamlesh Gupta
Kamlesh Gupta
   | 18 jun 2021
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Article Category: research-paper
Publicado en línea: 18 jun 2021
Páginas: 95 - 104
Recibido: 16 nov 2020
Aceptado: 27 ene 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15557/jou.2021.0018
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© 2021 Polish Ultrasound Society. Published by Medical Communications Sp. z o.o.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Fig. 1.

A linear transducer (Philips Affinity 50) with a frequency of 5–18 MHz
A linear transducer (Philips Affinity 50) with a frequency of 5–18 MHz

Fig. 2.

A. With the subject lying in prone position, the transducer is kept perpendicular to the popliteal fossa. B. High-resolution ultrasonography image at the same level showing two branches of the sciatic nerve (yellow arrows) i.e. tibial nerve medially and common peroneal nerve (CPN) laterally (N – nerve)
A. With the subject lying in prone position, the transducer is kept perpendicular to the popliteal fossa. B. High-resolution ultrasonography image at the same level showing two branches of the sciatic nerve (yellow arrows) i.e. tibial nerve medially and common peroneal nerve (CPN) laterally (N – nerve)

Fig. 3.

A. The transducer is kept 1 cm proximal to the site shown in Fig. 2 . B. High-resolution ultrasonography image at the same level showing the sciatic nerve (yellow arrow) formed from its two branches i.e. the tibial and common peroneal nerves (N – nerve)
A. The transducer is kept 1 cm proximal to the site shown in Fig. 2 . B. High-resolution ultrasonography image at the same level showing the sciatic nerve (yellow arrow) formed from its two branches i.e. the tibial and common peroneal nerves (N – nerve)

Fig. 4.

A. The transducer is kept 4 cm above the bifurcation of the sciatic nerve into the tibial and common peroneal nerves. B. High-resolution ultrasonography image showing measurement of the cross-sectional area of the normal sciatic nerve (yellow arrow) at this level (N – nerve)
A. The transducer is kept 4 cm above the bifurcation of the sciatic nerve into the tibial and common peroneal nerves. B. High-resolution ultrasonography image showing measurement of the cross-sectional area of the normal sciatic nerve (yellow arrow) at this level (N – nerve)

Fig. 5.

High-resolution ultrasonography of the normal sciatic nerve at levels I (images A, B, C ) and II (images D, E, F ) in the right lower limb in a 64-year-old male weighing 83 kg, with a height of 180 cm, and BMI of 25.6. The mean cross-sectional area measured at level I was 0.662 cm2, and at level II it was 0.418 cm2 (RT – right, LT – left, PT – point, VAL – value, yellow arrow – sciatic nerve)
High-resolution ultrasonography of the normal sciatic nerve at levels I (images A, B, C ) and II (images D, E, F ) in the right lower limb in a 64-year-old male weighing 83 kg, with a height of 180 cm, and BMI of 25.6. The mean cross-sectional area measured at level I was 0.662 cm2, and at level II it was 0.418 cm2 (RT – right, LT – left, PT – point, VAL – value, yellow arrow – sciatic nerve)

Fig. 6.

High-resolution ultrasonography of the normal sciatic nerve at levels I (images A, B, C ) and II (images D, E, F ) in the left lower limb in a 64-year-old male weighing 83 kg, with a height of 180 cm, and BMI of 25.6. The mean cross-sectional area measured at level I was 0.680 cm2, and at level II it was 0.409 cm2 (RT – right, LT – left, PT – point, VAL – value, yellow arrow – sciatic nerve)
High-resolution ultrasonography of the normal sciatic nerve at levels I (images A, B, C ) and II (images D, E, F ) in the left lower limb in a 64-year-old male weighing 83 kg, with a height of 180 cm, and BMI of 25.6. The mean cross-sectional area measured at level I was 0.680 cm2, and at level II it was 0.409 cm2 (RT – right, LT – left, PT – point, VAL – value, yellow arrow – sciatic nerve)

Fig. 7.

High-resolution ultrasonography of the normal sciatic nerve at levels I (images A, B, C ) and II (images D, E, F ) in the right lower limb in a 61-year-old male weighing 55 kg, with a height of 154 cm, and BMI of 23.2. The mean cross-sectional area measured at level I was 0.360 cm2, and at level II it was 0.236 cm2 (RT – right, LT – left, PT – point, VAL – value, yellow arrow – sciatic nerve)
High-resolution ultrasonography of the normal sciatic nerve at levels I (images A, B, C ) and II (images D, E, F ) in the right lower limb in a 61-year-old male weighing 55 kg, with a height of 154 cm, and BMI of 23.2. The mean cross-sectional area measured at level I was 0.360 cm2, and at level II it was 0.236 cm2 (RT – right, LT – left, PT – point, VAL – value, yellow arrow – sciatic nerve)

Fig. 8.

High-resolution ultrasonography of the normal sciatic nerve at levels I (images A, B, C ) and II (images D, E, F ) in the left lower limb in a 61-year-old male weighing 55 kg, with a height of 154 cm, and BMI of 23.2. The mean cross-sectional area measured at level I was 0.383 cm2, and at level II it was 0.282 cm2 (RT – right, LT – left, PT – point, VAL – value, yellow arrow – sciatic nerve)
High-resolution ultrasonography of the normal sciatic nerve at levels I (images A, B, C ) and II (images D, E, F ) in the left lower limb in a 61-year-old male weighing 55 kg, with a height of 154 cm, and BMI of 23.2. The mean cross-sectional area measured at level I was 0.383 cm2, and at level II it was 0.282 cm2 (RT – right, LT – left, PT – point, VAL – value, yellow arrow – sciatic nerve)

Fig. 9.

High-resolution ultrasonography of the normal sciatic nerve at levels I (images A, B, C ) and II (images D, E, F ) in the right lower limb in a 37-year-old male weighing 86 kg, with a height of 184 cm, and BMI of 25.4. The mean cross-sectional area measured at level I was 0.627 cm2, and at level II it was 0.444 cm2 (RT – right, LT – left, PT – point, VAL – value, yellow arrow – sciatic nerve)
High-resolution ultrasonography of the normal sciatic nerve at levels I (images A, B, C ) and II (images D, E, F ) in the right lower limb in a 37-year-old male weighing 86 kg, with a height of 184 cm, and BMI of 25.4. The mean cross-sectional area measured at level I was 0.627 cm2, and at level II it was 0.444 cm2 (RT – right, LT – left, PT – point, VAL – value, yellow arrow – sciatic nerve)

Fig. 10.

High-resolution ultrasonography of the normal sciatic nerve at levels I (images A, B, C ) and II (images D, E, F ) in the left lower limb in a 37-year-old male weighing 86 kg, with a height of 184 cm, and BMI of 25.4. The mean cross-sectional area measured at level I was 0.666 cm2, and at level II it was 0.407 cm2 (RT – right, LT – left, PT – point, VAL – value, yellow arrow – sciatic nerve)
High-resolution ultrasonography of the normal sciatic nerve at levels I (images A, B, C ) and II (images D, E, F ) in the left lower limb in a 37-year-old male weighing 86 kg, with a height of 184 cm, and BMI of 25.4. The mean cross-sectional area measured at level I was 0.666 cm2, and at level II it was 0.407 cm2 (RT – right, LT – left, PT – point, VAL – value, yellow arrow – sciatic nerve)

Fig. 11.

High-resolution ultrasonography of the normal sciatic nerve at levels I (images A, B, C ) and II (images D, E, F ) in the right lower limb in a 42-year-old female weighing 52 kg, with a height of 155 cm, and BMI of 21.6. The mean cross-sectional area measured at level I was 0.326 cm2, and at level II it was 0.237 cm2 (RT – right, LT – left, PT – point, VAL – value, yellow arrow – sciatic nerve)
High-resolution ultrasonography of the normal sciatic nerve at levels I (images A, B, C ) and II (images D, E, F ) in the right lower limb in a 42-year-old female weighing 52 kg, with a height of 155 cm, and BMI of 21.6. The mean cross-sectional area measured at level I was 0.326 cm2, and at level II it was 0.237 cm2 (RT – right, LT – left, PT – point, VAL – value, yellow arrow – sciatic nerve)

Fig. 12.

High-resolution ultrasonography of the normal sciatic nerve at levels I (images A, B, C ) and II (images D, E, F ) in the left lower limb in a 42-year-old female weighing 52 kg, with a height of 155 cm, and BMI of 21.6. The mean cross-sectional area measured at level I was 0.353 cm2, and at level II it was 0.227 cm2 (RT – right, LT – left, PT – point, VAL – value, yellow arrow – sciatic nerve)
High-resolution ultrasonography of the normal sciatic nerve at levels I (images A, B, C ) and II (images D, E, F ) in the left lower limb in a 42-year-old female weighing 52 kg, with a height of 155 cm, and BMI of 21.6. The mean cross-sectional area measured at level I was 0.353 cm2, and at level II it was 0.227 cm2 (RT – right, LT – left, PT – point, VAL – value, yellow arrow – sciatic nerve)

Cross-sectional area of the sciatic nerve at two levels and its relationship with age

Age group (years) No. of cases Lower limb level 1 mean CSA (cm2)
Right p-value Left p-value
Mean SD Mean SD
18–30 43 0.501 0.062 r = 0.121 p = 0.080 0.503 0.078 r = 0.118 p = 0.070
31–50 82 0.512 0.055 0.515 0.061
>50 77 0.528 0.093 0.532 0.092

Cross-sectional area of the sciatic nerve at two levels and its relationship with BMI

Body mass index No. of cases Lower limb level 1 mean CSA (cm2)
Right p-value Left p-value
Mean SD Mean SD
19.5–22.5 80 0.453 0.047 r = 0.552 p = 0.001 0.458 0.053 r = 0.487 p = 0.001
22.6–24.5 85 0.532 0.052 0.531 0.051
>24.5 37 0.593 0.105 0.596 0.101

Cross-sectional area of the sciatic nerve at two levels and its relationship with gender

Gender No. of cases Lower limb level 1 mean CSA (cm2)
Right p-value Left p-value
Mean SD Mean SD
Male 108 0.560 0.074 r = –0.631 p = 0.001 0.562 0.071 r = –0.641 p = 0.001
Female 94 0.456 0.051 0.458 0.051

Cross-sectional area of the sciatic nerve at two levels and its relationship with body weight

Weight (kg) No. of cases Lower limb level 1 mean CSA (cm2)
Right p-value Left p-value
Mean SD Mean SD
<60 61 0.426 0.025 r = 0.905 p = 0.001 0.429 0.027 r = 0.910 p = 0.001
61–70 64 0.498 0.032 0.499 0.030
>70 77 0.591 0.064 0.593 0.064

Cross-sectional area of the sciatic nerve at two levels and its relationship with height

Height (cm) No. of cases Lower limb level 1 mean CSA (cm2)
Right p-value Left p-value
Mean SD Mean SD
<165 74 0.430 0.032 r = 0.921 p = 0.001 0.434 0.032 r = 0.847 p = 0.001
166-175 64 0.513 0.023 0.513 0.025
>175 64 0.605 0.055 0.607 0.055
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