Anatomical variations and interconnections of the superior peroneal retinaculum to adjacent lateral ankle structures: a preliminary imaging anatomy study

1. Wang XT, Rosenberg ZS, Mechlin MB, Schweitzer ME: Normal variants and diseases of the peroneal tendons and superior peroneal retinaculum: MR imaging features. Radiographics 2005; 25: 587–602. Wang XT Rosenberg ZS Mechlin MB Schweitzer ME : Normal variants and diseases of the peroneal tendons and superior peroneal retinaculum: MR imaging features . Radiographics 2005 ; 25 : 587 – 602 . 10.1148/rg.25304512315888611 Search in Google Scholar

2. Athavale SA, Swathi, Vangara SV: Anatomy of the superior peroneal tunnel. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2011; 93: 564–571. Athavale SA Swathi Vangara SV : Anatomy of the superior peroneal tunnel . J Bone Joint Surg Am 2011 ; 93 : 564 – 571 . 10.2106/JBJS.J.0066221411707 Search in Google Scholar

3. Sobel M, Geppert MJ, Warren RF: Chronic ankle instability as a cause of peroneal tendon injury. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1993: 187–191. Sobel M Geppert MJ Warren RF : Chronic ankle instability as a cause of peroneal tendon injury . Clin Orthop Relat Res 1993 : 187 – 191 . 10.1097/00003086-199311000-00032 Search in Google Scholar

4. Mirmiran R, Squire C, Wassell D: Prevalence and role of a low-lying peroneus brevis muscle belly in patients with peroneal tendon pathologic features: a potential source of tendon subluxation. J Foot Ankle Surg 2015; 54: 872–875. Mirmiran R Squire C Wassell D : Prevalence and role of a low-lying peroneus brevis muscle belly in patients with peroneal tendon pathologic features: a potential source of tendon subluxation . J Foot Ankle Surg 2015 ; 54 : 872 – 875 . 10.1053/j.jfas.2015.02.012455311725998478 Search in Google Scholar

5. Galli MM, Protzman NM, Mandelker EM, Malhotra AD, Schwartz E, Brigido SA: An examination of anatomic variants and incidental peroneal tendon pathologic features: a comprehensive MRI review of asymptomatic lateral ankles. J Foot Ankle Surg 2015; 54: 164–172. Galli MM Protzman NM Mandelker EM Malhotra AD Schwartz E Brigido SA : An examination of anatomic variants and incidental peroneal tendon pathologic features: a comprehensive MRI review of asymptomatic lateral ankles . J Foot Ankle Surg 2015 ; 54 : 164 – 172 . 10.1053/j.jfas.2014.11.00525619812 Search in Google Scholar

6. Alparslan L, Chiodo CP: Lateral ankle instability: MR imaging of associated injuries and surgical treatment procedures. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2008; 12: 346–358. Alparslan L Chiodo CP : Lateral ankle instability: MR imaging of associated injuries and surgical treatment procedures . Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2008 ; 12 : 346 – 358 . 10.1055/s-0028-110064119016397 Search in Google Scholar

7. Kirby AB, Beall DP, Murphy MP, Ly JQ, Fish JR: Magnetic resonance imaging findings of chronic lateral ankle instability. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2005; 34: 196–203. Kirby AB Beall DP Murphy MP Ly JQ Fish JR : Magnetic resonance imaging findings of chronic lateral ankle instability . Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2005 ; 34 : 196 – 203 . 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2005.06.00316129237 Search in Google Scholar

8. Ferran NA, Oliva F, Maffulli N: Recurrent subluxation of the peroneal tendons. Sports Med 2006; 36: 839–846. Ferran NA Oliva F Maffulli N : Recurrent subluxation of the peroneal tendons . Sports Med 2006 ; 36 : 839 – 846 . 10.2165/00007256-200636100-0000317004847 Search in Google Scholar

9. Sobel M, Geppert Mj Fau, Warren RF: Chronic ankle instability as a cause of peroneal tendon injury. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1993; 187–191. Sobel M Geppert Mj Fau Warren RF : Chronic ankle instability as a cause of peroneal tendon injury . Clin Orthop Relat Res 1993 ; 187 – 191 . 10.1097/00003086-199311000-00032 Search in Google Scholar

10. Dalmau-Pastor M, Malagelada F, Calder J, Manzanares MC, Vega J: The lateral ankle ligaments are interconnected: the medial connecting fibres between the anterior talofibular, calcaneofibular and posterior talofibular ligaments. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2020; 28: 34–39. Dalmau-Pastor M Malagelada F Calder J Manzanares MC Vega J : The lateral ankle ligaments are interconnected: the medial connecting fibres between the anterior talofibular, calcaneofibular and posterior talofibular ligaments . Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2020 ; 28 : 34 – 39 . 10.1007/s00167-019-05794-831754730 Search in Google Scholar

11. Szaro P, Ghali Gataa K, Polaczek M, Ciszek B: The double fascicular variations of the anterior talofibular ligament and the calcaneofibular ligament correlate with interconnections between lateral ankle structures revealed on magnetic resonance imaging. Sci Rep 2020; 10: 20801. Szaro P Ghali Gataa K Polaczek M Ciszek B : The double fascicular variations of the anterior talofibular ligament and the calcaneofibular ligament correlate with interconnections between lateral ankle structures revealed on magnetic resonance imaging . Sci Rep 2020 ; 10 : 20801 . 10.1038/s41598-020-77856-8769584833247207 Search in Google Scholar

12. Szaro P, Polaczek M, Ciszek B: The Kager’s fat pad radiological anatomy revised. Surg Radiol Anat 2021; 43: 79–86. Szaro P Polaczek M Ciszek B : The Kager’s fat pad radiological anatomy revised . Surg Radiol Anat 2021 ; 43 : 79 – 86 . 10.1007/s00276-020-02552-1783807532813031 Search in Google Scholar

13. Bianchi S, Delmi M, Molini L: Ultrasound of peroneal tendons. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2010; 14: 292–306. Bianchi S Delmi M Molini L : Ultrasound of peroneal tendons . Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2010 ; 14 : 292 – 306 . 10.1055/s-0030-125451920539955 Search in Google Scholar

14. Taljanovic MS, Alcala JN, Gimber LH, Rieke JD, Chilvers MM, Latt LD: High-resolution US and MR imaging of peroneal tendon injuries. Radiographics 2015; 35: 179–199. Taljanovic MS Alcala JN Gimber LH Rieke JD Chilvers MM Latt LD : High-resolution US and MR imaging of peroneal tendon injuries . Radiographics 2015 ; 35 : 179 – 199 . 10.1148/rg.35113006225590397 Search in Google Scholar

15. Numkarunarunrote N, Malik A, Aguiar RO, Trudell DJ, Resnick D: Retinacula of the foot and ankle: MRI with anatomic correlation in cadavers. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2007; 188: W348–354. Numkarunarunrote N Malik A Aguiar RO Trudell DJ Resnick D : Retinacula of the foot and ankle: MRI with anatomic correlation in cadavers . AJR Am J Roentgenol 2007 ; 188 : W348 – 354 . 10.2214/AJR.05.106617377003 Search in Google Scholar

16. Guo S, Yan YY, Lee SSY, Tan TJ: Accessory ossicles of the foot-an imaging conundrum. Emerg Radiol 2019; 26: 465–478. Guo S Yan YY Lee SSY Tan TJ : Accessory ossicles of the foot-an imaging conundrum . Emerg Radiol 2019 ; 26 : 465 – 478 . 10.1007/s10140-019-01688-x30963314 Search in Google Scholar

17. Yıldız D, Ekiz T, Doğan A: Lateral ankle pain and peroneal tendon subluxation in a patient with peroneal quartus muscle and superior peroneal retinaculum injury. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2017; 30: 1147–1148. Yıldız D Ekiz T Doğan A : Lateral ankle pain and peroneal tendon subluxation in a patient with peroneal quartus muscle and superior peroneal retinaculum injury . J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2017 ; 30 : 1147 – 1148 . 10.3233/BMR-16960828505958 Search in Google Scholar

18. Vega J, Malagelada F, Manzanares Cespedes MC, Dalmau-Pastor M: The lateral fibulotalocalcaneal ligament complex: an ankle stabilizing isometric structure. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2020; 28: 8–17. Vega J Malagelada F Manzanares Cespedes MC Dalmau-Pastor M : The lateral fibulotalocalcaneal ligament complex: an ankle stabilizing isometric structure . Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2020 ; 28 : 8 – 17 . 10.1007/s00167-018-5188-830374570 Search in Google Scholar

19. Edama M, Kageyama I, Kikumoto T, Nakamura M, Ito W, Nakamura E et al.: Morphological features of the anterior talofibular ligament by the number of fiber bundles. Ann Anat 2018; 216: 69–74. Edama M Kageyama I Kikumoto T Nakamura M Ito W Nakamura E et al .: Morphological features of the anterior talofibular ligament by the number of fiber bundles . Ann Anat 2018 ; 216 : 69 – 74 . 10.1016/j.aanat.2017.11.00129196235 Search in Google Scholar

20. Saupe N, Mengiardi B, Pfirrmann CW, Vienne P, Seifert B, Zanetti M: Anatomic variants associated with peroneal tendon disorders: MR imaging findings in volunteers with asymptomatic ankles. Radiology 2007; 242: 509–517. Saupe N Mengiardi B Pfirrmann CW Vienne P Seifert B Zanetti M : Anatomic variants associated with peroneal tendon disorders: MR imaging findings in volunteers with asymptomatic ankles . Radiology 2007 ; 242 : 509 – 517 . 10.1148/radiol.242205199317255421 Search in Google Scholar

21. Davis WH, Sobel M, Deland J, Bohne WH, Patel MB: The superior peroneal retinaculum: an anatomic study. Foot Ankle Int 1994; 15: 271–275. Davis WH Sobel M Deland J Bohne WH Patel MB : The superior peroneal retinaculum: an anatomic study . Foot Ankle Int 1994 ; 15 : 271 – 275 . 10.1177/1071100794015005077951966 Search in Google Scholar

22. Uğurlu M, Bozkurt M, Demirkale I, Cömert A, Acar HI, Tekdemir I: Anatomy of the lateral complex of the ankle joint in relation to peroneal tendons, distal fibula and talus: a cadaveric study. Eklem Hastalik Cerrahisi 2010; 21: 153–158. Uğurlu M Bozkurt M Demirkale I Cömert A Acar HI Tekdemir I : Anatomy of the lateral complex of the ankle joint in relation to peroneal tendons, distal fibula and talus: a cadaveric study . Eklem Hastalik Cerrahisi 2010 ; 21 : 153 – 158 . Search in Google Scholar

23. Dangintawat P, Apinun J, Huanmanop T, Agthong S, Chentanez V: New aspect of morphometric study of the superior peroneal retinaculum: pertinent data for surgical repair and reconstruction. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2019. Dangintawat P Apinun J Huanmanop T Agthong S Chentanez V : New aspect of morphometric study of the superior peroneal retinaculum: pertinent data for surgical repair and reconstruction . Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2019 . 10.5603/FM.a2019.012031724148 Search in Google Scholar

24. Szaro P, Ghali Gataa K, Polaczek M, Ciszek B: The flexor retinaculum connects the surrounding structures into the medial ankle complex. Appl Sci 2020; 10: 7972. Szaro P Ghali Gataa K Polaczek M Ciszek B : The flexor retinaculum connects the surrounding structures into the medial ankle complex . Appl Sci 2020 ; 10 : 7972 . 10.3390/app10227972 Search in Google Scholar

25. Lee MH, Chung CB, Cho JH, Mohana-Borges AV, Pretterklieber ML, Trudell DJ et al.: Tibialis anterior tendon and extensor retinaculum: imaging in cadavers and patients with tendon tear. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2006; 187: W161–168. Lee MH Chung CB Cho JH Mohana-Borges AV Pretterklieber ML Trudell DJ et al .: Tibialis anterior tendon and extensor retinaculum: imaging in cadavers and patients with tendon tear . AJR Am J Roentgenol 2006 ; 187 : W161 – 168 . 10.2214/AJR.05.007316861505 Search in Google Scholar

26. Zeiss J, Saddemi SR, Ebraheim NA: MR imaging of the peroneal tunnel. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1989; 13: 840–844. Zeiss J Saddemi SR Ebraheim NA : MR imaging of the peroneal tunnel . J Comput Assist Tomogr 1989 ; 13 : 840 – 844 . 10.1097/00004728-198909000-000172506255 Search in Google Scholar

27. Guelfi M, Vega J, Malagelada F, Baduell A, Dalmau-Pastor M: Tendoscopic treatment of peroneal intrasheath subluxation: a new subgroup with superior peroneal retinaculum injury. Foot Ankle Int 2018; 39: 542–550. Guelfi M Vega J Malagelada F Baduell A Dalmau-Pastor M : Tendoscopic treatment of peroneal intrasheath subluxation: a new subgroup with superior peroneal retinaculum injury . Foot Ankle Int 2018 ; 39 : 542 – 550 . 10.1177/107110071876467429595062 Search in Google Scholar

28. Rockett MS, Waitches G, Sudakoff G, Brage M: Use of ultrasonography versus magnetic resonance imaging for tendon abnormalities around the ankle. Foot Ankle Int 1998; 19: 604–612. Rockett MS Waitches G Sudakoff G Brage M : Use of ultrasonography versus magnetic resonance imaging for tendon abnormalities around the ankle . Foot Ankle Int 1998 ; 19 : 604 – 612 . 10.1177/1071100798019009079763166 Search in Google Scholar

29. Hau WWS, Lui TH, Ngai WK: Endoscopic superior peroneal retinaculum reconstruction. Arthrosc Tech 2018; 7: e45–e51. Hau WWS Lui TH Ngai WK : Endoscopic superior peroneal retinaculum reconstruction . Arthrosc Tech 2018 ; 7 : 45 – 51 . 10.1016/j.eats.2017.08.050585225529552468 Search in Google Scholar

30. Ersoz E, Tokgoz N, Kaptan AY, Ozturk AM, Ucar M: Anatomical variations related to pathological conditions of the peroneal tendon: evaluation of ankle MRI with a 3D SPACE sequence in symptomatic patients. Skeletal Radiol 2019; 48: 1221–1231. Ersoz E Tokgoz N Kaptan AY Ozturk AM Ucar M : Anatomical variations related to pathological conditions of the peroneal tendon: evaluation of ankle MRI with a 3D SPACE sequence in symptomatic patients . Skeletal Radiol 2019 ; 48 : 1221 – 1231 . 10.1007/s00256-019-3151-530725160 Search in Google Scholar

31. Highlander P, Pearson KT, Burns P: Magnetic resonance imaging analysis of peroneal tendon pathology associated with low-lying peroneus brevis muscle belly: a case-control study. Foot Ankle Spec 2015; 8: 347–353. Highlander P Pearson KT Burns P : Magnetic resonance imaging analysis of peroneal tendon pathology associated with low-lying peroneus brevis muscle belly: a case-control study . Foot Ankle Spec 2015 ; 8 : 347 – 353 . 10.1177/193864001556976425666688 Search in Google Scholar

32. Rademaker J, Rosenberg ZS, Beltran J, Colon E: Alterations in the distal extension of the musculus peroneus brevis with foot movement. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1997; 168: 787–789. Rademaker J Rosenberg ZS Beltran J Colon E : Alterations in the distal extension of the musculus peroneus brevis with foot movement . AJR Am J Roentgenol 1997 ; 168 : 787 – 789 . 10.2214/ajr.168.3.90575359057535 Search in Google Scholar

33. Ozbag D, Gumusalan Y, Uzel M, Cetinus E: Morphometrical features of the human malleolar groove. Foot Ankle Int 2008; 29: 77–81. Ozbag D Gumusalan Y Uzel M Cetinus E : Morphometrical features of the human malleolar groove . Foot Ankle Int 2008 ; 29 : 77 – 81 . 10.3113/FAI.2008.007718275742 Search in Google Scholar

34. Mabit C, Salanne P, Boncoeur-Martel MP, Fiorenza F, Valleix D, Descottes B et al.: [The lateral retromalleolar groove: a radio-anatomic study]. Bull Assoc Anat (Nancy) 1996; 80: 17–21. Mabit C Salanne P Boncoeur-Martel MP Fiorenza F Valleix D Descottes B et al .: [The lateral retromalleolar groove: a radio-anatomic study] . Bull Assoc Anat (Nancy) 1996 ; 80 : 17 – 21 . Search in Google Scholar

35. Adachi N, Fukuhara K, Kobayashi T, Nakasa T, Ochi M: Morphologic variations of the fibular malleolar groove with recurrent dislocation of the peroneal tendons. Foot Ankle Int 2009; 30: 540–544. Adachi N Fukuhara K Kobayashi T Nakasa T Ochi M : Morphologic variations of the fibular malleolar groove with recurrent dislocation of the peroneal tendons . Foot Ankle Int 2009 ; 30 : 540 – 544 . 10.3113/FAI.2009.054019486632 Search in Google Scholar