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Figure 1

Location of the study area (a), location of the sampling sites at the Wołosaty and Terebowiec streams (b) and at the Wisłoka with its tributary and the Ryjak (c), the Wisłoka’s tributary (d); red dots represent sampling sites on the soil, blue dots at the watercourses
Location of the study area (a), location of the sampling sites at the Wołosaty and Terebowiec streams (b) and at the Wisłoka with its tributary and the Ryjak (c), the Wisłoka’s tributary (d); red dots represent sampling sites on the soil, blue dots at the watercourses

Figure 2

Luticola frequentisima LM images; population from the Wisłoka’s tributary (a-o), from the soil in the Wilsznia catchment (p-r) and from the Wołosaty and Terebowiec streams (z-ad)
Luticola frequentisima LM images; population from the Wisłoka’s tributary (a-o), from the soil in the Wilsznia catchment (p-r) and from the Wołosaty and Terebowiec streams (z-ad)

Figure 3

Luticola frequentisima SEM images: population from the Wisłoka’s tributary (a-g), from the Ryjak’s tributary (h, i), from the soil in the Wilsznia catchment (j, k) and from the Wołosaty stream (l). Detailed external view of valve apex (f) and internal view of valve (g)
Luticola frequentisima SEM images: population from the Wisłoka’s tributary (a-g), from the Ryjak’s tributary (h, i), from the soil in the Wilsznia catchment (j, k) and from the Wołosaty stream (l). Detailed external view of valve apex (f) and internal view of valve (g)

Characteristics of the studied watercourses in Bieszczady and Magura National Park

Rivers and streams Number of sites Watercourse length (km) Short description
Bieszczady National Park
Wołosaty 6 27.8 right-bank tributary of the San River in the upper section called Wołosatka
Terebowiec 2 8 right-bank tributary of the Wołosaty
Rzeczyca 1 13.2 left-bank tributary of the Wołosaty
Magura National Park
Wisłoka 6 164 right-bank tributary of the Vistula
Wisłoka’s tributary 1 0.9 nameless, short right-bank tributary of the Wisłoka, drying during summer
Kłopotnica 3 15 left-bank tributary of the Wisłoka
Świerzówka 1 8.3 left-bank tributary of the Wisłoka
Rzeszówka 1 8.2 left-bank tributary of the Wisłoka
Ryjak 3 12 right-bank tributary of the Wisłoka
Ryjak’s tributary 1 1.2 nameless, short left-bank tributary of the Ryjak,
Krempna 2 7.3 right-bank tributary of the Wisłoka
Baranie 2 5.8 left-bank tributary of the Wilsznia
Zimna Woda 2 4.8 left-bank tributary of the Hucianka
Zimna Woda’s tributary 1 0.8 nameless, short right-bank tributary of the Zimna Woda
Wilsznia 3 11.5 right-bank tributary of the Wisłoka

Description of the sampling sites and valve dimensions of L. frequentissima

Sampling site Bieszczady National Park Magura National Park
Wołosaty Terebowiec Ryjak’s tributary Wisłoka Wisłoka’s tributary soil (Ryjak, Wilsznia catchments)
Date 03/2014 03/2014 07/2013 10/2013 04/201310/2014 04/201407/201410/2014
Insolation high low low high low high
Type of substrate stones (large ones covered with moss) stones stones (near shore covered with mud) stones stones (large ones covered with moss) soil overgrown with grass in ca. 50%
Temperature (°C) 5.6 6.1 13.4 10.2-11.7 8.1-11.8 -
pH 8.5 8.4 8.1 6.3-6.5 7.3-7.4 5.6-6.5
Conductivity (μS cm–1) 166 138 288 378-402 174-341 -
NO3- (mg l-1) 0.22 0.23 0.84 <0.01 1.91-5.76 -
SO42- (mg l-1) 16.37 13.74 18.78 20.39-26.53 18.20-21.26 -
L. frequentissima valve dimensions
Length (μm) 9.4 14.1 8-13.3 11.6-16.5 6.2-22.5 8.6-16.6
Breadth (μm) 5.0 6.6 5.5-6.2 4.0-6.0 4.4-7.6 5.1-6.4
Striae per 10 μm 22 21 23-27 22 18-21 22-27
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Chemistry, other, Geosciences, Life Sciences