Migration of pentachlorophenol in artificial and natural sediments of Puck Bay
, y | 22 sept 2016
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Article Category: Original research paper
Publicado en línea: 22 sept 2016
Páginas: 368 - 376
Recibido: 01 oct 2015
Aceptado: 30 nov 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/ohs-2016-0033
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© 2016 Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, Poland. All rights reserved
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Description of marine bottom sediment sampling sites in Puck Bay and the Port of Gdynia during the cruise in 2012 and 2013
| Station | Latitude | Longitude | The depth of sampled sediment (m) | macroscopic description | Salinity (PSU) | Water temperature (°C) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Puck Bay | ZP1 | 54˚41’30˝N | 18˚30’17˝E | 3.7 | fine-grained sand, gray, silty, shells | 6.8 | 17.5 |
| ZP2 | 54˚38’12˝N | 18˚32’50˝E | 5.3 | fine-grained sand, small shells | 6.8 | 16.4 | |
| ZP3 | 54˚39’42˝N | 18˚38’49˝E | 28.1 | gray, very coarse silt, | 6.8 | 15.0 | |
| ZP4 | 54˚39’14˝N | 18˚42’32˝E | 36.3 | very coarse silt, black, | 6.8 | 15.2 | |
| ZP5 | 54˚37’49˝N | 18˚39’48˝E | 40.0 | very coarse silt, gray, the smell of hydrogen sulfide | 6.8 | 15.0 | |
| ZP6 | 54˚35’57˝N | 18˚40’14˝E | 41.1 | very coarse silt, gray, the smell of hydrogen sulfide | 6.8 | 15.4 | |
| ZP7 | 54˚33’10˝N | 18˚46’23˝E | 54.1 | very coarse silt, gray, smell of hydrogen sulfide | 6.7 | 16.0 | |
| ZP8 | 54˚33’53˝N | 18˚35’27˝E | 11.2 | fine-grained sand, shells | 6.4 | 15.9 | |
| ZP9 | 54˚33’28˝N | 18˚36’36˝E | 12.2 | fine-grained sand, shells | 6.4 | 16.0 | |
| Port of Gdynia | French Quay | 54˚32’03˝N | 18˚33’04˝E | 13.0 | medium-grained sand, gray, smell of oil, shells | 6.0 | 7.8 |
| Indian Quay | 54˚31’53˝N | 18˚31’56˝E | 11.0 | medium-grained sand, black, smell of oil, lots of shells, coal | 6.0 | 7.5 | |
| Polish Quay | 54˚31’51˝N | 18˚ 32’11˝E | 13.0 | medium-grained sand, black, smell of oil, a lot of shells | 6.0 | 7.5 | |
| Presidential Basin | 54˚31’14˝N | 18˚ 33’10˝E | 10.0 | fine- grained sand, black, smell of oil | 6.0 | 7.5 | |
j.ohs-2016-0033.tab.002a
| b) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Port of Gdynia | ||||||||||||
| Sample name | I 1 | I 2 | I 3 | P 1 | P 2 | P 3 | F 1 | F 2 | F 3 | PB 1 | PB 2 | PB 3 |
| LOI [%] | 1.23 | 5.00 | 6.80 | 6.97 | 6.42 | 3.88 | 2.08 | 1.86 | 4.64 | 7.15 | 13.26 | 13.34 |
| 1 TOC [%] | 0.31 | 2.16 | 3.29 | 3.41 | 3.04 | 1.52 | 0.65 | 0.56 | 1.95 | 3.53 | 6.81 | 7.41 |
| TU | 0.5 | 22.5 | 20.2 | 21.0 | n.a. | n.a. | 1.3 | 1.3 | 0.7 | n.a. | 165.5 | 310.0 |
| Fraction φ < 0.0625 mm [%] | 1.0 | 5.8 | 4.4 | 6.8 | 6.0 | 1.4 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 2.0 | 4.6 | 10.6 | 8.2 |
The minimum and maximum levels of total organic carbon (TOC) in marine sediments and selected waters of the Baltic Sea and other regions of the world
| Region | TOC (%) | Layer of sediment (cm) | Literature |
|---|---|---|---|
| The Gulf of Riga | 0.53-6.32 | 0-1 | |
| Curonian Lagoon | 0.40-6.64 | 0-5 | |
| Vistula Lagoon | 0.50-10.20 | 0-10 | |
| Puck Lagoon | 0.23-8.18 | 0-2 | |
| Puck Bay | 0.10-7.98 | 0-2 | |
| Puck Bay | 0.24-6.21 | 0-5 | |
| Puck Bay | 0.09-5.46 | 0-5 | Own study |
| Lagoon of Szczecin | 0.41-13.10 | 0-1 | |
| Gulf of Gdańsk | 3.62-6.20 | 0-5 | |
| Gulf of Gdańsk | 0.03-8.53 | 0-5 | |
| Zhifu Bay, China | 0.35-0.91 | 0-2 | |
| Jiaozhou Bay, China | 0.07-0.45 | 0-2 | |
| Zhelin Bay, China | 0.38-1.28 | 0-2 | |
| Chesapeake Bay, the USA | 0.75-3.46 | 0-5 | |
| Port of Gdańsk | 0.80-8.26 | 0-5 | |
| Port of Gdynia | 0.31-7.41 | 0-5 | Own study |
Physicochemical parameters and toxicity (Microtox® test) expressed in toxicity units (TU) of the bottom sediment samples collected from Puck Bay and the Port of Gdynia
| a) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Puck Bay | |||||||||
| Sample name | ZP1 | ZP2 | ZP3 | ZP4 | ZP5 | ZP6 | ZP7 | ZP8 | ZP9 |
| LOI [%] | 1.96 | 0.37 | 16.25 | 15.75 | 14.55 | 11.47 | 8.09 | 1.15 | 1.11 |
| TOC [%] | 0.52 | 0.09 | 5.46 | 5.30 | 4.87 | 3.55 | 3.58 | 0.52 | 0.35 |
| TU | 0.4 | 0.1 | 77.3 | 105.2 | 81.1 | 40.9 | 26.8 | 4.0 | 2.4 |
| Fraction φ < 0.0625 mm [%] | 9.4 | 0.3 | 74.3 | 74.3 | 70.3 | 67.4 | 67.0 | 9.2 | 9.4 |
The concentration of PCP in surface sediments of Puck Bay and the Port of Gdynia (fraction φ < 2.00 mm)
| Name of samples n = 28 | ng g-1 d.w. ± standard deviation |
|---|---|
| ZP1 | <LOD |
| ZP2 | <LOD |
| ZP3 | <LOD |
| ZP4 | 131.3 ± 10.7 |
| ZP5 | 139.1 ± 15.4 |
| ZP6 | 86.4 ± 11.8 |
| ZP7 | 230.1 ± 20.8 |
| ZP8 | 17.4 ± 5.6 |
| ZP9 | <LOD |
| Indian 3 | <LOD |
| Polish 2 | 10.6 ± 2.2 |
| Polish 3 | 10.5 ± 2.8 |
| French 3 | <LOD |
| Presidential Basin 2 | 25.0 ± 3.6 |