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Mixing of brine waste in Puck Bay (the south Baltic Sea) in the light of in-situ measurements

Małgorzata Robakiewicz
Małgorzata Robakiewicz
   | 10 mar 2016
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Article Category: Original research paper
Publicado en línea: 10 mar 2016
Páginas: 42 - 54
Recibido: 05 may 2015
Aceptado: 01 sept 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/ohs-2016-0005
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© Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdañsk, Poland. All rights reserved.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

General view of the Gulf of Gdańsk (A), including the location of the discharge site (B) and the variability of the mean monthly salinity in the surface layer in the Outer Puck Bay and in the Puck Lagoon (based on data from the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management for 1965-1974, see Nowacki 1993) (C)
General view of the Gulf of Gdańsk (A), including the location of the discharge site (B) and the variability of the mean monthly salinity in the surface layer in the Outer Puck Bay and in the Puck Lagoon (based on data from the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management for 1965-1974, see Nowacki 1993) (C)

Figure 2

General view on: (a) the discharge system with 16 diffuser’s blocks marked as D spaced every 45 m, (b) a single block, and (c) discharge from a single block through 3 nozzles, according to the project of EMPORIUM
General view on: (a) the discharge system with 16 diffuser’s blocks marked as D spaced every 45 m, (b) a single block, and (c) discharge from a single block through 3 nozzles, according to the project of EMPORIUM

Figure 3

Location of the system of diffusers and in-situ measurements (dots – diffuser’s blocks; squares – CTD measurement sites; crosses A, B – continuous measurement sites) in the WGS84 system of coordinates
Location of the system of diffusers and in-situ measurements (dots – diffuser’s blocks; squares – CTD measurement sites; crosses A, B – continuous measurement sites) in the WGS84 system of coordinates

Figure 4

Changes in wind conditions (2010, 2011 – Gdynia station; 2012 – location S), water currents in location A, salinity in locations A and B, total discharge and concentration of salt in brine during three periods: early stage (2010), intermediate stage (2011), target stage (2012); sample results of measurements
Changes in wind conditions (2010, 2011 – Gdynia station; 2012 – location S), water currents in location A, salinity in locations A and B, total discharge and concentration of salt in brine during three periods: early stage (2010), intermediate stage (2011), target stage (2012); sample results of measurements

Figure 5

Salinity distribution in verticals S, 9, 10, 17 and 18 on four selected dates: 27.10.2010, 4.05.2011, 26.07.2011, 1.08.2012.
Salinity distribution in verticals S, 9, 10, 17 and 18 on four selected dates: 27.10.2010, 4.05.2011, 26.07.2011, 1.08.2012.

Figure 6

Spatial distribution of salinity in the bottom layer on: a - 27.10.2010, b - 26.07.2011, c - 24.01.2012 and d - 1.08.2012
Spatial distribution of salinity in the bottom layer on: a - 27.10.2010, b - 26.07.2011, c - 24.01.2012 and d - 1.08.2012

Figure 7

Salinity distribution in vertical cross-sections 25-1 and 11-16 on: a - 27.10.2010, b - 26.07.2011, c - 24.01.2012 and d - 1.08.2012
Salinity distribution in vertical cross-sections 25-1 and 11-16 on: a - 27.10.2010, b - 26.07.2011, c - 24.01.2012 and d - 1.08.2012

Figure 8

Schematic diagram of an idealized discharge configuration, where d – diameter of source, U0 – initial velocity, Θ0 – angle of incidence, XY, Y – coordinates of the maximum of the center line, Xi – coordinate of the impact point, Xe – coordinate of the edge point, Hs – source height above the boundary
Schematic diagram of an idealized discharge configuration, where d – diameter of source, U0 – initial velocity, Θ0 – angle of incidence, XY, Y – coordinates of the maximum of the center line, Xi – coordinate of the impact point, Xe – coordinate of the edge point, Hs – source height above the boundary

Figure 9

Wind conditions preceding in-situ measurements executed on 26 August 2011, as measured at the Gdynia station
Wind conditions preceding in-situ measurements executed on 26 August 2011, as measured at the Gdynia station

Figure 10

Water flow velocity and direction at a depth of 1m above the bottom in location B in the period of 21-26 August 2011
Water flow velocity and direction at a depth of 1m above the bottom in location B in the period of 21-26 August 2011

Figure 11

Spatial distribution of salinity: a − maximum salinity values in verticals, b – salinity at the bottom; dots – measurement locations
Spatial distribution of salinity: a − maximum salinity values in verticals, b – salinity at the bottom; dots – measurement locations

Figure 12

Salinity distribution in the A-A vertical cross-section based on in-situ measurements (dots) with the theoretical shape of a single jet estimated in the pre-investment study (solid line) and the center line location based on measurements (dashed line)
Salinity distribution in the A-A vertical cross-section based on in-situ measurements (dots) with the theoretical shape of a single jet estimated in the pre-investment study (solid line) and the center line location based on measurements (dashed line)

Figure 13

Comparison of the characteristic dimensions of a single jet estimated on the basis of measurements, relations derived from laboratory experiments (Cipollina 2005, Bashitialshaaer et al. 2012), theoretical investigations (Oliver 2013a) and the predictive model JET3D (Robakiewicz & Robakiewicz 2008)
Comparison of the characteristic dimensions of a single jet estimated on the basis of measurements, relations derived from laboratory experiments (Cipollina 2005, Bashitialshaaer et al. 2012), theoretical investigations (Oliver 2013a) and the predictive model JET3D (Robakiewicz & Robakiewicz 2008)

Values of the return/impact point dilution coefficient S estimated by relations based on laboratory experiments, modelling approaches and analytical solution for discharge with a 45° angle of incidence and stagnant water conditions, compared with estimates based on in-situ measurements (Hs – source height above the boundary, d – source diameter, Fr – densimetric Froude number)

Hs/(Frd) Dilution coefficient
Laboratory experiments
Nemlioglu & Roberts(2006) Not started,boundary interaction 323
Shao & Law(2010) 0.05-0.47 239
Papakonstantis et al.(2011) 0.37-1.39 295±26.6
Lai & Lee(2012) 0.24-0.92 203
Analytical solution
Kikkert et al.(2007) No boundary 182
Predictive models
VisJet (Lai 2010) No boundary 148
CorJet(Jirka 2008) No boundary 123
JET 3D

-condition as assumed in the pre-investment study

(Robakiewicz & Robakiewicz 2008)		 1.37 360
Measurements 1.75 458

Comparison of brine discharge conditions assumed in the pre-investment study and actual brine discharge conditions.

Parameter Assumed Actual
Nozzle diameter d(m) 0.008 0.009
Exit flow velocity U0(ms-1) 30 22.2÷22.45
Density of effluent ρe(kgm-3) 1160 1160
Density of ambient water ρa(kgm-3) 1005 1005
Densimetric Froude number Fr(-) 273 190-192
Angle of incidence(deg) 45 45
Velocity in reservoir v(ms-1) 0 0.02÷0.06

Parameters of brine discharged during selected in-situ measurements

Date Q (m3h–1) ρ (kg m–3) d (m) wind direction (deg) wind velocity (m s–1)
arm 1 arm 2 arm 3 arm 4 total
27.10.2010 0.0 0.0 76.8 57.8 135.3 1055 0.008 225 2

measured in Gdynia station
26.07.2011 75.5 55.9 0.0 61.5 192.9 1135 0.009 315 4

measured in Gdynia station
24.01.2012 74.9 74.5 74.7 75.8 299.9 1164 0.009 315 2

measured in Gdynia station
1.08.2012 74.0 67.0 78.0 76.0 295.0 1160 0.009 120 3.5

measured at a center of installation (location S)
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